• 제목/요약/키워드: Dose attenuation

검색결과 171건 처리시간 0.023초

저선량 흉부전산화단층촬영의 흡기 영상과 폐기능이 정상인 성인에서 호기 말 폐 감쇄도 증가 정도와 연령 및 흡연과의 연관성 (Correlation between Expiratory Increase of Lung Attenuation and Age and Smoking in the Subjects with Normal Inspiratory Low Dose CT and Pulmonary Function Test)

  • 권성연;황용일;윤호일;이재호;이춘택;이경원
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • 제65권6호
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    • pp.457-463
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    • 2008
  • 연구배경: 호기말에 흉부 촬영을 시행하면 폐 내의 공기의 부피가 감소되어 폐 감쇄도가 증가한다. 이런 폐 감쇄도의 변화가 국소적으로 저하되는 공기 가둠 현상에 대해서는 일부 연구들이 있었으나 전체 폐의 전반적인 감쇄도 변화에 대한 연구는 거의 없고, 특히 정상인을 대상으로 한 연구는 거의 없다. 저자들은 호흡기 질환이 없으며 폐기능 및 흡기 전산화단층촬영이 정상 소견이고 호기 영상에서 국소적인 공기 가둠 현상이 없는 100명을 대상으로 연구를 수행하였다. 방 법: 흉부 전산화단층촬영 영상에서 24개의 지점을 정하고, 흡기 및 호기 시 각 지점에서 폐 음영도를 측정한 후 호기말 폐 감쇄도 증가와 흡연량, 연령 사이의 상관 관계를 알아보았다. 결 과: 연구 대상 100명의 연령은 중앙값 49.0세(범위 25~71세)였고, 평균 흡연량은 $22.5{\pm}17.0$갑년이었다. 연령과 폐 감쇄도의 증가 사이에는 유의한 음의 상관관계가 있었으며 이는 흡연의 효과를 보정하였을 때에도 유지되었고, 연령을 기준으로 세 군으로 나누어 폐 감쇄도의 증가 정도를 비교하였을 때에도 유의한 차이가 있었다. 흡연량과 호기말 폐 감쇄도의 증가 사이에는 유의한 음의 상관관계가 관찰되었으나 연령을 보정하였을 때에는 유의성이 감소하였다. 결 론: 흡기-호기 시의 폐의 전반적인 감쇄도 변화 정도는 연령과 상관관계가 있으며, 노화를 반영할 가능성이 있다.

PET/MRI에 있어 MRI 조영제가 PET에 미치는 영향 (Effect of MRI Media Contrast on PET/MRI)

  • 김재일;김인수;이홍재;김진의
    • 핵의학기술
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    • 제18권1호
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    • pp.19-25
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    • 2014
  • PET/MRI에서는 MRI의 진단적 가치를 높이기 위해 T1 조영제를 사용하고 있다. PET의 감쇠 보정을 위해 T1 시컨스 계열인 VIBE DIXON은 조영제에 직접적으로 영향을 미치지만, 실제 ${\mu}-map$과 감쇠 보정된 PET 영상에는 큰 변화가 없었다. 그러므로 PET/MRI 검사시 조영제 사용은 PET 데이터 얻기 전 후 언제든 사용할 수 있을 것이다.

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Comparative Study of the Effective Dose from Panoramic Radiography in Dentistry Measured Using a Radiophotoluminescent Glass Dosimeter and an Optically Stimulated Luminescence Detector

  • Lee, Kyeong Hee;Kim, Myeong Seong;Kweon, Dae Cheol;Choi, Jiwon
    • Journal of the Korean Physical Society
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    • 제73권9호
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    • pp.1377-1384
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    • 2018
  • Accurate measurement of the absorbed dose and the effective dose is required in dental panoramic radiography involving relatively low energy with a rotational X-ray tube system using long exposures. To determine the effectiveness of measuring the irradiation by using passive dosimetry, we compared the entrance skin doses by using a radiophotoluminescent glass dosimeter (RPL) and an optically stimulated luminescence detector (OSL) in a phantom model consisting of nine and 31 transverse sections. The parameters of the panoramic device were set to 80 kV, 4 mA, and 12 s in the standard program mode. The X-ray spectrum was applied in the same manner as the panoramic dose by using the SpekCalc Software. The results indicated a mass attenuation coefficient of $0.008226cm^2/g$, and an effective energy of 34 keV. The equivalent dose between the RPL and the OSL was calculated based on a product of the absorbed doses. The density of the aluminum attenuators was $2.699g/cm^3$. During the panoramic examination, tissue absorption doses with regard to the RPL were a surface dose of $75.33{\mu}Gy$ and a depth dose of $71.77{\mu}Gy$, those with regard to the OSL were surface dose of $9.2{\mu}Gy$ a depth dose of $70.39{\mu}Gy$ and a mean dose of $74.79{\mu}Gy$. The effective dose based on the International Commission on Radiological Protection Publication 103 tissue weighting factor for the RPL were $0.742{\mu}Sv$, $8.9{\mu}Sv$, $2.96{\mu}Sv$ and those for the OSL were $0.754{\mu}Sv$, $9.05{\mu}Sv$, and $3.018{\mu}Sv$ in the parotid and sublingual glands, orbit, and thyroid gland, respectively. The RPL was more effective than the OSL for measuring the absorbed radiation dose in low-energy systems with a rotational X-ray tube.

DEVELOPMENT OF POINT KERNEL SHIELDING ANALYSIS COMPUTER PROGRAM IMPLEMENTING RECENT NUCLEAR DATA AND GRAPHIC USER INTERFACES

  • Kang, Sang-Ho;Lee, Seung-Gi;Chung, Chan-Young;Lee, Choon-Sik;Lee, Jai-Ki
    • Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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    • 제26권3호
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    • pp.215-224
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    • 2001
  • In order to comply with revised national regulationson radiological protection and to implement recent nuclear data and dose conversion factors, KOPEC developed a new point kernel gamma and beta ray shielding analysis computer program. This new code, named VisualShield, adopted mass attenuation coefficient and buildup factors from recent ANSI/ANS standards and flux-to-dose conversion factors from the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) Publication 74 for estimation of effective/equivalent dose recommended in ICRP 60. VisualShieid utilizes graphical user interfaces and 3-D visualization of the geometric configuration for preparing input data sets and analyzing results, which leads users to error free processing with visual effects. Code validation and data analysis were performed by comparing the results of various calculations to the data outputs of previous programs such as MCNP 4B, ISOSHLD-II, QAD-CGGP, etc.

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Attenuation curves of neutrons from 400 to 550 Mev/u for Ca, Kr, Sn, and U ions in concrete on a graphite target for the design of shielding for the RAON in-flight fragment facility in Korea

  • Lee, Eunjoong;Kim, Junhyeok;Kim, Giyoon;Kim, Jinhwan;Park, Kyeongjin;Cho, Gyuseong
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제51권1호
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    • pp.275-283
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    • 2019
  • Rare isotope beam facilities require shielding data in early stage of their design. There is much less shielding data on neutrons from the reactions between heavy ion beams and matter than the data on neutrons produced by protons. The purpose of the present work is to produce and thus increase the amount of shielding data on neutrons generated by high-energy heavy ion beams based on the RAON in-flight fragment facility. Calculations were performed with the computational Monte Carlo codes PHITS and MCNPX. The secondary neutron source terms were evaluated at 550 MeV/u for Ca, Kr, and Sn and at 400 MeV/u for U ions on a graphite target. Source terms and attenuation lengths were obtained by fitting the ambient dose equivalent inside an ordinary concrete shield.

Demonstration of the Effectiveness of Monte Carlo-Based Data Sets with the Simplified Approach for Shielding Design of a Laboratory with the Therapeutic Level Proton Beam

  • Lai, Bo-Lun;Chang, Szu-Li;Sheu, Rong-Jiun
    • Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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    • 제47권1호
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    • pp.50-57
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    • 2022
  • Background: There are several proton therapy facilities in operation or planned in Taiwan, and these facilities are anticipated to not only treat cancer but also provide beam services to the industry or academia. The simplified approach based on the Monte Carlo-based data sets (source terms and attenuation lengths) with the point-source line-of-sight approximation is friendly in the design stage of the proton therapy facilities because it is intuitive and easy to use. The purpose of this study is to expand the Monte Carlo-based data sets to allow the simplified approach to cover the application of proton beams more widely. Materials and Methods: In this work, the MCNP6 Monte Carlo code was used in three simulations to achieve the purpose, including the neutron yield calculation, Monte Carlo-based data sets generation, and dose assessment in simple cases to demonstrate the effectiveness of the generated data sets. Results and Discussion: The consistent comparison of the simplified approach and Monte Carlo simulation results show the effectiveness and advantage of applying the data set to a quick shielding design and conservative dose assessment for proton therapy facilities. Conclusion: This study has expanded the existing Monte Carlo-based data set to allow the simplified approach method to be used for dose assessment or shielding design for beam services in proton therapy facilities. It should be noted that the default model of the MCNP6 is no longer the Bertini model but the CEM (cascade-exciton model), therefore, the results of the simplified approach will be more conservative when it was used to do the double confirmation of the final shielding design.

Rubus fruticosus leaf extract inhibits vascular dementia-induced memory impairment and neuronal loss by attenuating neuroinflammation

  • Nak Song Sung;Sun Ho Uhm;Hyun Bae Kang;Nam Seob Lee;Young-Gil Jeong;Do Kyung Kim;Nak-Yun Sung;Dong-Sub Kim;Young Choon Yoo;Seung Yun Han
    • Anatomy and Cell Biology
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    • 제56권4호
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    • pp.494-507
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    • 2023
  • Vascular dementia (VaD) is characterized by progressive memory impairment, which is associated with microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. Polyphenol-rich natural plants, which possess anti-inflammatory activities, have attracted scientific interest worldwide. This study investigated whether Rubus fruticosus leaf extract (RFLE) can attenuate VaD. Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into five groups: SO, sham-operated and treated with vehicle; OP, operated and treated with vehicle; RFLE-L, operated and treated with low dose (30 mg/kg) of RFLE; RFLE-M, operated and treated with medium dose (60 mg/kg) of RFLE; and RFLE-H, operated and treated with high dose (90 mg/kg) of RFLE. Bilateral common carotid artery and hypotension were used as a modeling procedure, and the RFLE were intraorally administered for 5 days (preoperative 2 and postoperative 3 days). The rats then underwent memory tests including the novel object recognition, Y-maze, Barnes maze, and passive avoidance tests, and neuronal viability and neuroinflammation were quantified in their hippocampi. The results showed that the OP group exhibited VaD-associated memory deficits, neuronal death, and microglial activation in hippocampi, while the RFLE-treated groups showed significant attenuation in all above parameters. Next, using BV-2 microglial cells challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), we evaluated the effects of RFLE in dynamics of proinflammatory mediators and the upstream signaling pathway. RFLE pretreatment significantly inhibited the LPS-induced release of nitric oxide, TNF-α, and IL-6 and upregulation of the MAPKs/NF-κB/iNOS pathway. Collectively, we suggest that RFLE can attenuate the histologic alterations and memory deficits accompanied by VaD, and these roles are, partly due to the attenuation of microglial activation.

Prone Breast Phantom을 이용한 couch 산란영향 평가 (Dosimetric effects of couch attenuation and air gaps on prone breast radiation therapy)

  • 김민석;전수동;배선명;백금문;송흥권
    • 대한방사선치료학회지
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    • 제29권2호
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    • pp.43-51
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    • 2017
  • 목 적: 유방암 환자의 방사선치료 시 엎드린 자세를 적용하면 폐와 심장에 들어가는 선량을 줄일 수 있다. 하지만 빔 방향에 포함되는 couch의 영향으로 피부선량 증가 및 심부선량이 감소한다. 따라서 본 실험에서는 air gap을 이용해서 couch로 인한 영향을 줄일 수 있는 방법을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 본원에서 치료 받은 유방암 환자의 전산화단층영상을 바탕으로 3D 프린터(Builder Extreme 1000)를 이용하여 체적을 동일하게 묘사한 인체모형을 제작하였다. 제작한 인체모형을 전산화단층촬영하고 전산화치료계획시스템(Eclipse 13.6, Varian, USA)을 이용하여 6MV, Field-in-Field technique을 이용한 200 cGy/fx의 치료계획을 수립하였다. 피부선량 측정을 위해 내, 외측 4 지점(Med 1, Med 2, Lat 1, Lat 2)에서 광자극발광선량계(Optically Stimulated Luminescence Detector, OSLD)를 이용한 측정을 진행하였고, 심부선량 측정을 위해 유방의 전면과 후면의 2 지점(Anterior, Posterior)에서 FC65-G ion-chamber를 이용한 측정을 하였다. Couch와 인체모형 사이의 air gap(기준 3 cm)을 1 cm 씩 총 6 cm까지 증가시켜가며 측정하였으며 치료계획 선량을 기준으로 평가하였다. 결 과: 피부선량 측정 결과 외측 지점은 치료계획과 비교하여 ${\pm}5%$ 이내의 유사한 값을 보였다. 내측 1 지점은 air gap이 증가할수록 감소하며 3 cm 이상부터 7 % 이상 감소하였고, 내측 2 지점은 4 % 이상 감소하였다. 심부선량 측정 결과 후면 지점은 air gap 차이에 의한 선량변화가 ${\pm}1%$ 이내의 값을 보였다. 전면 지점의 선량은 air gap이 증가할수록 높아지며 3 cm 이상부터 치료계획 보다 4 % 증가한 값을 보였다. 결 론: 본 실험을 통해 couch와 인체모형 사이의 air gap을 특정 거리까지 증가시켰을 때 couch로 인한 피부선량과 심부선량의 영향이 감소함을 확인하였다. 따라서 유방암 환자에 대한 치료 전 선량평가를 진행하여 각 환자에게 최적의 air gap을 적용한다면 피부보효 효과를 높일 수 있고, 정확한 심부선량의 전달이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

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Ir-192 $\gamma$선(線)의 금속(金屬)에 대(對)한 산란분포(散亂分布)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) (A Study on Scattering Distribution in Metal of Ir-192 Gamma-Ray)

  • 주광태
    • 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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    • 제4권1호
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    • pp.63-71
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    • 1981
  • The metal-plates(Aluminium. Copper, Lead) of change the variation thickness have been penetrated by the collimated beam($450mm{\times}4mm{\phi}$) of Gamma-ray from $^{192}Ir$. Then, the scattered $\gamma$-ray dose in variable angle and the directly transmitted $\gamma$-ray dose were measured using the electrometer of ionization chamber. The results were summarized as follows: 1. Obtained the mass attenuation coefficients of $Al;0.0937cm^2g^{-1},\;Cu;0.0937cm^2g^{-1},\;pb;0.244cm^2g^{-1}$. 2. Total intensity of front scattered $\gamma$-ray follow the order of Al>Cu>pb. 3. The scattered $\gamma$-ray intensity with the lager angle of scattering was saturated after increase rapidly, and the scattering angle of the more larger was decreased. 4. The scattered $\gamma$-ray intensity through plates of aluminium or copper was saturated after increase with thicker scatterer, and the intensity was decreased at the more thicker. But the variation of scattered $\gamma$-ray dose in the lead plate made the fewest than Al and Cu. 5. The ratio of the scattered $\gamma$-ray dose and the directly transmitted $\gamma$-ray dose was saturated after increase with the thicker scatterer, and the scatterer of the more thicker was decreased. Degree of total intensity in these ratios was followed the order of Cu>Al>Pb.

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치료계획 시스템을 이용한 Varian Standard Couch 모델링의 유용성 평가 (The evaluation for the usability ofthe Varian Standard Couch modelingusing Treatment Planning System)

  • 양용모;송용민;김진만;최지민;최병기
    • 대한방사선치료학회지
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    • 제28권1호
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    • pp.77-86
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    • 2016
  • 목 적 : 방사선 치료 시 Carbon Fiber Couch에 의한 감약이 일어난다. 본 연구에서는 치료계획 시스템(Treatment Planning System: TPS)을 이용해 Varian사의 Varian Standard Couch(VSC)를 모델링 하여 유용성을 평가하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 : 선형가속기(Clinac IX, VARIAN, USA)의 CBCT(Cone Beam Computed Tomography)를 이용하여 VSC의3가지 조건Side Rail Out Grid(SROG), Side Rail InGrid(SRIG), Side Rail In OutSpine Down Bar(SRIOS)로 스캔 한 후 TPS(Pinnacle9.8, Philips, USA)로 전송하여 Side Rail, Side Bar Upper, Side Bar Lower, Spine Down Bar를 Automatic Contouring하여 모델링 하였다. 전산화 단층촬영(Light Speed RT 16, GE, USA)으로 스캔 한 Cheese Phantom(Middelton, USA) 을 TPS로 전송하여 모델링 한 VSC를 적용하였다. 측정 점은 Cheese Phantom내의 Ion Chamber(A1SL, Standard imaging, USA)이며 Isocenter에 위치시켜 Energy(4, 10MV), Gantry Angle($5^{\circ}$간격으로 측정), Field Size($3{\times}3cm^2$, $10{\times}10cm^2$)에 변화를 주어 각 100MU의 동일한 조건에서 얻은 계산 값과 측정값을 비교하였으며 Side Bar Upper에 의한 감약을 비교하기 위해 SRIG조건에서 $127^{\circ}$를 포함하였다. 결 과 : CBCT를 이용해 얻은 VSC의 Density를 TPS에서 확인한 결과 $0.9g/cm^3$였으며 Spine Down Bar의 경우 $0.7g/cm^3$로 나타났다.Side Rail, Side Bar Upper, Side Bar Lower, Spine Down Bar에서 각 17.49%, 16.49%, 8.54%, 7.59%의 감약이 일어났으며모델링의 정확성을 평가하기 위해 계산 값과 측정값을 비교한 결과 평균 1.13%의 오차가 보였으며 Spine Down Bar를 지나는 $170^{\circ}beam$에서 1.98%로 가장 많은오차를 보였다. 결 론 : TPS이용해 모델링 한 VSC의 유용성을 평가하기 위해계산 값과 측정값을 비교한 결과 최대1.98%의 오차를 보였다. 방사선 치료계획 시 VSC를 모델링 하여 적용한다면선량에 대한 예측이 가능해 더욱 정확한 치료를 하는데 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

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