• Journal of Korean Vacuum Science & Technology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.79-84
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• 1999

the photolithographic patterning on an indium-tin oxide (ITO) glass and the electro-phoretic deposition were combined for preparing the screen of the full-color field emission display(FED). the patterns with a pixel of 400$\mu\textrm{m}$ on the ITO-glass were made by etching the ITO with well-prepared etchant consisting of HCL, H2O, and HNO3. Electrophoretic method was carried out in order to deposit each spherical red (R), green(G), and blue (B) phosphor on the patterned ITO-glass. The process parameters such as bias voltage, salt concentration, and deposition time were optimized to achieve clear boundaries. It was found that the etching process of ITO combined with electrophoretic method was cost-effective, provided distinct pattern, and even reduced process steps compared with conventional processes. The application of reverse bias to the dormant electrodes while depositing the phosphors on the stripe pattern was found to be very critical for preventing the cross-contamination of each phosphor in a pixel.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 2001

This study was carried out to survey the weed distributions in 6 areas(Suwon, Seonghwan, Seosan, Taekwanryeong, Namwon and Yeongam) and to investigate the ecological characteristics of exotic weeds from 1997 to 1999. Total 44 species in 15 families of exotic weds were observed in grassland and forage crop field. Among them 4 species in 1 family were monocotyledonous and 40 species in 14 families were dicotyledonous weeds. Most common species among exotic weeds examined in this study were Rumex acetosella, Rumex crispus. Chenopodium album, Abutilon theophrasti, Amaranthus retroflexus, Polygonum orientale etc. Inedible weeds with hairs, prickles, fetor or poison were Solanum carolinense Xanthium strumarium, Datura stramnium, Erechtites hieracifolia, Anthemis cotula, Phytolaca americana etc. The relative density of Phytolaca americana increased with decreament of soil pH and content of available phosphate, and that of Solanum carolinense increased with decreament of soil pH and increament of available phosphate. Most of exotic weed seeds germinated well under light condition with $25~30^{\circ}C$, and some of those were hard or dormant seed.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.169-172
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• 2007

The Varicella zoster virus is responsible for two common infectious diseases: chicken pox(Varicella) and shingles(Herpes zoster). Chicken pox is the primary infection. After the initial infection, the virus remains dormant in sensory ganglia until reactivation may occur decades later. The subsequent reactivation is Herpes zoster. Herpes zoster of the trigeminal nerve distribution manifests as painful, vesicle eruptions of the skin and mucosa innervated by the affected nerve. Oral vesicles usually appear after the skin manifestrations. Reports of osteomyelitis of jaw after trigeminal herpes zoster are extremely rare. We report a case of osteomyelitis on mandible caused by herpes zoster infection which was treated by antiviral drug, curettage. At 1 year post-operatively, mandibular mucosa had healed without recurrent sign. But post-herpetic neuralgia is remained.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.438-445
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• 2008

Leaf senescence is a highly regulated genetic process that constitutes the last stage of plant development and provides adaptive fitness by relocating metabolites from senescing leaves to reproducing seeds. Characterization of various senescence mutants, mostly in Arabidopsis, and genome-wide analyses of gene expression, have identified a wide array of regulatory components, including transcription factors and enzymes as well as signaling molecules mediating growth hormones and environmental stress responses. In this work we demonstrate that a membrane-associated NAC transcription factor, NTL9, mediates osmotic stress signaling in leaf senescence. The NTL9 gene is induced by osmotic stress. Furthermore, activation of the dormant, membrane-associated NTL9 is elevated under the same conditions. A series of senescence-associated genes (SAGs) were upregulated in transgenic plants overexpressing an activated form of NTL9, and some of them were slightly but reproducibly downregulated in a T-DNA insertional NTL9 knockout mutant. These observations indicate that NTL9 mediates osmotic stress responses that affect leaf senescence, providing a genetic link between intrinsic genetic programs and external signals in the control of leaf senescence.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.251-258
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• 2007

Thermal resistance and heat activation characteristics of Clostridium botulinum ATCC 25763 spores were evaluated. The effects of nisin and pH on the activation and subsequent germination were also investigated. Spores of C. botulinum were not inactivated by heat treatments up to $92^{\circ}C$ for 2 hr. Heat treatment at $85^{\circ}C$ for 90 min was selected as the optimal activation condition based on monitoring subsequent germination. L-alanine alone or in combination with L-cysteine was not sufficient to germinate the spores of this strain. Tryptone-Peptone- Glucose-Yeast extract (TPGY) broth supplemented with L-alanine was used as a suitable germination medium. Decreasing pH of activation suspension increased the degree of phase darkening, i.e., germination. In addition, the presence of nisin during activation increased the degree of phase darkening. The majority of spore populations were dormant at a pH of less than 2.8, and these populations required heat activation to increase the culturability on TPGY agar medium. However, extended heating in the presence of nisin at pH 2.8 decreased the spore count; however, heat activation was less necessary at pH 3.4, compared at pH 2.8.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.67.1-67.1
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• 2014

Comets are mysterious travelers from outer Solar System. It is considered that comets loose their subsurface ice once they were injected into a snow-line of the solar system, at the same time, develop adiathermic dust layers on the surface in a time scale of ~10,000 years. They eventually become inactive (see also the presentation by Yoonyoung Kim et al.). Optical similarity between comets and asteroids in comet-like orbits suggests the existence of such dormant or inactive comets supporting the evolutionary scenario. However, unforeseen accidents cast a misgiving to modify the stereotype. A periodic comet, 17P/Holmes, is known as comet with very low activity before 2007. However, the comet suddenly exhibited an outburst in 2007 October, which is known as the most energetic cometary outburst since the beginning of modern astronomy. On the other hand, another periodic comet, P/2010 V1, was not known before 2010 November probably because of low activity and discovered while it experienced outburst. We investigated the time-evolution of the magnitudes and the morphological developments based on the dynamical theory of dust grains, and derived the energy per unit mass of ~10,000 J/kg. From these observational evidences, we suggest that crystallization of buried amorphous ice (even in low-activity comets) can be responsible for the dramatic cometary outbursts.

• BMB Reports
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.507-512
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• 1996

The NADPH oxidase of phagocytes catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to $O_{2}^{-}$ at the expense of NADPH The enzyme is dormant in resting neutrophils and hecomes activated on stimulation. During activation. $p47^{phox}$ (phagocyte oxidase factor), a cytosolic oxidase subunit, becomes extensively phosphorylated on a number of serines located between S303-S379. Although the biochemical role of phosphorylation is speculative, it has been suggested that phosphorylation could neutralize the strongly cationic C-terminal which may result in the change of conformation of $p47^{phox}$ and subsequent translocation of this protein and other cytosolic components to the membrane. In order to mimic the effect of phosphorylation in terms of neutralizing the positive charges, recombinant $p47^{phox}$ was treated with phenylglyoxal, which removes positive charges of arginine residues. Modification of recombinant $p47^{phox}$ resulted in the activation of oxidase in a cell-free translocation system as well as a conformational change in recombinant $p47^{phox}$ which may be responsible for the activation of the enzyme.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.205-209
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• 2006

For measuring the viable cells in lakes, quantitative direct viable count (qDVC) method is applied. In the qDVC process, the final concentration of glycine is fixed as 2%. For confirming the effectiveness of qDVC for enumerating the viable cells, the viable bacterial numbers were measured by plate count, CTC reduction method and qDVC method at 5 different lakes. Among these 3 methods, the bacterial numbers by qDVC is $2.4{\sim}6.0$ times higher than those by the other 2 methods. And by the qDVC method, the viable cells were easily discriminated from dead or dormant cells.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.363-371
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• 2016

Tabulis [Astilboides tabularis (Hemsl.) Engl.] has the potential for becoming a useful horticultural crop. This study was conducted to classify the seed dormancy types and to identify the germination conditions that improve the horticultural usefulness of this plant. We found that A. tabularis (Hemsl.) Engl. produced undifferentiated embryos and had a low germination rate of under 50%. In addition, water submersion led to moisture absorption. Therefore, A. tabularis seeds were designated as morphologically dormant. The germination rate was highest (86.3%) at $30^{\circ}C$ under light conditions. Higher temperatures generally led to an acceleration of the germination process, regardless of light condition. To improve the germination rate, seeds were submerged in various concentrations of growth regulators, such as $GA_3$ and kinetin, as well as minerals such as $KNO_3$ and KCl. An analysis of germination characteristics at $30^{\circ}C$ under light conditions revealed that treatment with 200 and $500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}GA_3$ led to an excellent germination rate of 97.0%. Treatment with $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}GA_3$ led to a better germination rate than the control as well. However, treatment with kinetin, $KNO_3$, and KCl had no effect on germination, regardless of concentration.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2015.04a
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• pp.216-217
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• 2015

Duty-cycling could efficiently prolong the life time of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) by let nodes be in dormant state most of the time, and only wake up (for sending or receiving) for a very short period. Flooding is one critical operation of WSNs. Many studies have been studied to improve the delay and/or energy efficiency of flooding. In this paper, we propose a novel time slot design, and the switching decision that reduce energy consumption for the schedule-based flooding tree. Each node, if failed to receive from its parent, will look for other candidate, among its siblings to overhear the flooding packet. By accurately collect information from other siblings, each node can make the best as possible switching decision; therefore the energy efficiency of the network is improved.