• 대한약리학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.99-110
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• 1985

한국특산 매자나무(Berberis Koreana Palibin)의 뿌리에서 분리한 majarine은 isoquinoline 알카로이드로서 본 교실에서는 중추신경계에 대한 약리작용을 검토하고 있다. Majarine을 마우스 복강내로 투여하여 직장온도 변화와 haloperidol, cyproheptadine과 reserpine 등에 대한 약물 상호작용을 관찰하여 다음과 같은 성적을 얻었다. Majarine은 마우스에 있어서 용량의존적으로 현저한 체온감소를 나타내었으나, 0.1 mg/kg투여시 체온증가의 유의성을 보였다. 체온감소는 haloperidol과 cyproheptadine으로 억제되었다. Reserpine처치 마우스에 있어서 ${\alpha}$-methyl-p-tyrosine으로 전처치한 다음 majarine 2.0mg/kg 투여시 체온감소를 나타내었다. 이러한 결과로 보아 majarine의 체온변화는 dopamine과 serotonin수용체에 관련성이 있다고 사려되고, 체온감소는 dopamine수용체에 직접적으로 작용한다고 생각되는 바이다.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.253-258
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• 1999

The fluoxetine is one of the most frequently prescribed drugs for the treatment of depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD). This has been known as one of the most safest medication. But since the advent of this drug, there have been several reports of side effects-the mania and suicidal ideation-encountered during coadministration of fluoxetine with or without other psychotropic drugs. We experienced a case of 20 years old male OCD patient who developed into abrupt manic state and also was preoccupied with intense suicidal ideation following fluoxetine use. He was a only child in his family and his father had a history of alcoholism about 15years ago. Our patient's obsessive-compulsive symptoms have been occured since puberty. His OCD symptoms and anxiety were aggravated since joining the army. Beside these facts, we could not find any other psychiatric history such as depressive disoder and bipolar disorder. We used the fluoxetine starting dosage of 20mg and increased to 40mg at second week. About 3 weeks after the treatment, he developed sudden manic symptom and more aggravated suicidal ideation without any OCD symptoms. He felt vitalized and energetic without having enough sleep and food. These symptoms were ceased over two weeks by stopping medication. Up to this point, the reason why fluoxetine induces mania and suicidal preoccupation is unclear. But somehow the fluoxetine has effects on serotonin receptor and serotonin-dopamine regulations, thus we could make an assumption that fluoxetine can induce mania, extrapyramidal symptoms(EPS) and suicidal ideation in some part of the serotonin unbalanced patients. We think this would be the first report to remark on fluoxetine's suicidal and manic side effects in Korea. So here we present the case with the summary of reviewed articles.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.214-219
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• 2012

This research was designed to determine what components of Gardenia jasminoides play a major role in inhibiting the enzymes related antidepressant activity of this plant. In our previous research, the ethyl acetate fraction of G. jasminosides fruits inhibited the activities of both monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) and monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B), and oral administration of the ethanolic extract slightly increased serotonin concentrations in the brain tissues of rats and decreased MAO-B activity. In addition, we found through in vitro screening test that the ethyl acetate fraction showed modest inhibitory activity on dopamine-${\beta}$ hydroxylase (DBH). The bioassay-guided fractionation led to the isolation of five bio-active compounds, protocatechuic acid (1), geniposide (2), 6'-O-trans-p-coumaroylgeniposide (3), 3,5-dihydroxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) heptanes (4), and ursolic acid (5), from the ethyl acetate fraction of G. jasminoides fruits. The isolated compounds showed different inhibitory potentials against MAO-A, -B, and DBH. Protocatechuic acid showed potent inhibition against MAO-B ($IC_{50}$ $300{\mu}mol/L$) and DBH ($334{\mu}mol/L$), exhibiting weak MAO-A inhibition (2.41 mmol/L). Two iridoid glycosides, geniposide ($223{\mu}mol/L$) and 6'-O-trans-p-coumaroylgeniposide ($127{\mu}mol/L$), were selective MAO-B inhibitor. Especially, 6'-O-trans-p-coumaroylgeniposide exhibited more selective MAO-B inhibition than deprenyl, well-known MAO-B inhibitor for the treatment of early-stage Parkinson's disease. The inhibitory activity of 3,5-dihydroxy-1,7-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) heptane was strong for MAO-B ($196{\mu}mol/L$), modest for MAO-A ($400{\mu}mol/L$), and weak for DBH ($941{\mu}mol/L$). Ursolic acid exhibited significant inhibition of DBH ($214{\mu}mol/L$), weak inhibition of MAO-B ($780{\mu}mol/L$), and no inhibition against MAO-A. Consequently, G. jasminoides fruits are considerable for development of biofunctional food materials for the combination treatment of depression and neurodegenerative disorders.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2012

LDAEP와 세로토닌 기능 간의 직접적인 관계의 초기 증거들은 동물 실험으로부터 도출되었고 이후 세로토닌성 장애에 기반한 질병들의 임상 실험을 통하여 간접적인 뒷받침이 이루어 져왔다. 현재까지 LDAEP와 세로토닌 사이의 연관성을 확인해주는 증거는, 우선 세로토닌 시스템 내에서 유전적 polymorphism을 연구하는 것을 통해, 그리고 직접적으로 약물을 투여 하는 방식으로 확보되었다. LDAEP가 연관된 대부분의 연구는 모노아민 시스템에 초점을 맞춰왔으나 LDAEP에 대한 다른 신경전달 시스템의 효과는 거의 알려진 바가 없다. 향후 세로토닌 외에도 도파민, 노르에피네프린, 아세틸콜린 등 다른 신경전달물질과의 연관성에 대한 연구가 필요하다. In vivo 중추 세로토닌 기능의 유효한 비침습적 표지자로서 LDAEP를 확정짓기 전에, 단기적 조절뿐 아니라 장기적 세로토닌성 조절이 포함된 더 많은 연구가 필요하다. 현재까지의 증거로 보면 LDAEP의 가장 유망한 활용은 초기 항우울 치료반응과 관련된 생물학적 지료서의 활용이다. 최근의 연구들은 LDAEP의 노르아드레날린성 그리고 세로토닌성 항우울제 반응에 대한 민감도를 확인했으며 이러한 긍정적인 기초 결과들을 재현하기 위하여 더 많은 연구들이 필요하다.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.220-226
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• 2017

도파민과 세로토닌은 신경전달물질 및 호르몬으로서 미량이지만 체내에서 중요한 기능을 한다. 검체는 혈청과 24시간 뇨를 쓰며, 주로 HPLC-MS를 이용하여 검사한다. 본 연구에서는 항원-항체반응을 이용한 경쟁적 ELISA를 통해 도파민과 세로토닌을 검출하고자 하였다. $5{\mu}g/mL$ BSA conjugate를 96 well 표면에 고정시킨 뒤 각각 농도를 다르게 한 신경전달물질과 1차 항체를 넣어 반응시키고 HRP가 결합된 2차 항체와 TMB를 처리하여 흡광도를 측정하였다. 측정 결과를 토대로 회귀식과 $R^2$값을 구하여 신경전달물질에 대한 항체의 민감도와 신경전달물질 농도와 흡광도 사이의 상관관계를 판단하였다. 도파민은 1차 항체를 6,000배, 7,000배로 희석했을 때 $R^2=0.91$로 신경전달물질 농도와 흡광도의 상관관계가 가장 높게 나타났고, 세로토닌은 3,000배와 6,000배를 제외한 모든 희석배수에서 $R^2{\geq}0.90$의 높은 상관관계를 나타냈다. 도파민과 세로토닌 모두 $1.0{\times}10^{-7}M$ 이하의 저농도에서는 효과적으로 검출되지 않았기 때문에 참고치가 이보다 낮은 혈청 도파민 검출은 HPLC-MS 이용이 필요해 보이지만, 24시간 뇨 도파민과 혈청 및 24시간 뇨 세로토닌의 검출에는 competitive ELISA가 효과적일 것이라 사료된다. 보다 낮은 농도의 신경전달물질도 정확하게 검출하기 위해서는 추가 연구가 필요하다.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 1992

Nonbenzodiazepine계 항불안제인 buspirone을 이용하여 건강한 8명의 남자를 대상으로 prolactin과 cortisol분비를 측정하였다. Buspirone는 $Dopamine_2$ 수용체 antagonist 성질 뿐 아니라 $5-HT_{1A}$ partial agonist 효과가 있는 것으로 보고되고 있다. Buspirone 30mg 경구투여시 혈청 prolactin 농도는 유의한 증가를 보였으나 혈청 cortisol 농도의 변화는 차이가 없었다. beta adrenoreceptor antagonist이면서 $5-HT_{1A}$ 수용체 antagonist로 알려진 pindolol (30mg)을 경구 투여한 결과 기초 혈청 prolactin이나 cortisol 농도는 유의한 차이가 없었다. Pinodlol을 전처치한 경우 buspirone-induced prolaction 분비의 유의한 억제효과는 없었다. 이상의 성적은 buspirone-induced prolactin 분비증가는 아마도 $5-HT_{1A}$ 수용체 활성과 관련되지 않음을 시사하는 것으로 사료된다.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2009

This review aims to introduce the basic neurobiological aspects of dream. There have been long debates on whether the neurobiology of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is identical to that of dream. However, many theories on dream are based on the findings of REM sleep. Bizarre cognition and intense emotion in dream have been suggested to derive from physiological (e.g. desynchronized gamma oscillation and postsynaptic inhibition), chemical (e.g. decreased noradrenalin and serotonin, increased acetylcholine and modulation of dopamine), anatomical (e.g. deactivation of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and activation of limbic and paralimbic areas) change in REM sleep. In addition, dream has been suggested to play its neurobiological roles. Processing of negative emotion may be one of the functions of dream. Dream is also supposed to consolidate memory, especially semantic memory. Despite a number of hypotheses and debates, the neurobiological mechanism of dream generation has not been concluded.

• 약학회지
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.86-91
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• 2012

The objective of this study is to examine how different concentration of neurotransmitters in plasma between patients with dementia and normal people regarding the inhalation of lavender oil. This study subjects were 9 elderly patients with dementia who live in nursing home and 9 normal women. Before and after inhalation, they were collected blood sample. Norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA), and r-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentration analysis were performed. Before inhalation, dementia patients were significantly different with the normal group in GABA and DA, NE. Following inhalation in experimental group, dementia patients and normal group were only significantly increased in 5-HT. But it did not significantly change in the other neurotransmitters. After inhalation, dementia patients were significantly different with the normal group in GABA and 5-HT. This result suggests that the increase of 5-HT release by the inhalation of lavender oil related to reduce the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.149-154
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• 2015

Mood disorder is a common psychiatric illness with a high lifetime prevalence in the general population. Many prescribed antidepressants modulate monoamine neurotransmitters including serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine. There has been greater focus on the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the human brain, glutamate, in the pathophysiology and treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). Recently, ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, has received attention and has been investigated for clinical trials and neurobiological studies. In this article, we will review the clinical evidence for glutamatergic dysfunction in MDD, the progress with ketamine as a rapidly acting antidepressant, and other N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist for treatment-resistant depression.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.221-229
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• 2004

The projections from the dorsal raphe (DR) to the locus coeruleus (LC) or vice versa were analyzed in the rat using an anterograde tracer, Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) combined with serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) or dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) immunostaining. Following the injection of PHA-L into the middle DR, DR-originating fibers with varicosities have contacted DBH-immunolabeled cells in the rostral, middle, and caudal LC. Axon terminals were also observed in the subcoeruleus nucleus. When the PHA-L injection was confined within the caudal DR, axonal fibers with varicosities were observed mainly at the rostral pole of the LC. Following the injection of PHA-L into the caudal, principal LC, labeled fibers with varicosities have contacted 5-HT-immunolabeled neurons at dorsomedial, ventromedial, lateral wing, and caudal sub-divisions of the DR. The present anterograde study suggests that the DR or the LC nuclei communicate with each other in order to perform a variety of functions including vigilance, analgesia, and stress responses.