• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.17-31
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• 2004

1. Objectives This research is purposed to find Lee Je-Ma's thought on Inclination of Mind(心慾) and Nature & Emotion(性情), through summarizing sentences related to Inclination of Mind(心慾) and Nature & Emotion(性情) proposed in the chief writings on Sasang Constitutional Medicine. 2. Methods It was researched bibliologically with Lee Je-Ma's chief writings such as "Gyukchigo (Draft on Inquiring the Properties of Things, 格致藁)", "Dongyi Suse Bowon Sasang Chobongyun(東醫壽世保元四象草本卷)" "Dongyi Suse Bowon (Longevity and Life Preservation in Oriental Medicine, 東醫壽世保元)". 3. Results and Conclusions (1) Lee Je-Ma's Mind(心) is the dimension of the Great Absolute(Taegeuk,太極), and is related with Benevolence-Righteousness-Propriety-Wisdom(仁義禮智) (2) Human being is classified Taeyangin(太陽人), Taeumin(太陰人), Soyangin(少陽人), Soeumin(少陰人) by SungLi(性理), and The Mean(鄙人), TheWeek(薄人), The Avaricious(貪人), The Sycophantic(懦人) by JungYok(情慾) in Sasang Constitutional Medicine. (3) Nature & Emotion(性情) of Sorrow-Anger-Joy-Pleasure(喜怒哀樂) is divided into two function. One is native function related with SungLi(性理), the other is acquired function related with JungYok(情慾). Also all two native and acquired function is related with Benevolence-Righteousness-Propriety-Wisdom(仁義禮智). (4) The Mean(鄙人), The Week(薄人), The Avaricious(貪人), The Sycophantic(懦人) may be defined as the state of Inclination of Mind(心慾) of Taeyangin(太陽人), Taeumin(太陰人), Soyangin(少陽人), Soeumin(少陰人) by function of acquired Emotion(情).

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.28-48
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• 2001

1. Background and Purpose Since ${\ulcorner}$Dongri Sasang Shinpyun${\lrcorner}$ was published in 1929, it had great effects on the publications related to Sasang Constitutional Medicine. However there had been no practical research or its applications about ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Sasang Shinpyun${\lrcorner}$ at all in spite of its importance. So through the study on the ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Sasang Shinpyun${\lrcorner}$ we highly intend to utilize the book. 2. Methods In this dissertation, you'll find our research of ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Sasang Shinpyun${\lrcorner}$ regarding the author, the people who were involved in the publishing, the formations and the contents, our another research of ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Sasang Shinpyun Chebang${\lrcorner}$(東醫四象新編劑方) to make its medical characteristics and meaning clear. 3. Results and Conclusion 1) Won Chi Sang was Chang Bong Young's granduncle's son-in-law. Nam Dae-hee is suspected of Nam Tae-hee who lived in YeoJu Bam Gol at that time though, it's not certain. 2) ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Sasang Shinpyun${\lrcorner}$ is consisted of two pans. ${\ulcorner}$The Internal part${\lrcorner}$ is the basic explanation and ${\ulcorner}$The External part${\lrcorner}$, is the prescriptions depending on the symptoms. ${\ulcorner}$Sasang Byunron${\lrcorner}$,(四象辯論) is mostly that's for the explanations about analysis of Sasang Constitution. ${\ulcorner}$Sasang Kyunghum${\lrcorner}$(四象經驗) is mainly it's for the prescriptions depends on Sasangin's symptoms. ${\ulcorner}$Sasang Kukyul${\lrcorner}$(四象口訣), ${\ulcorner}$Tong Sasang Changbu Sochaedo${\lrcorner}$(通四象臟腑所在圖), ${\ulcorner}$Tong Sasang Chunche Sosokdo${\lrcorner}$(通四象全體所屬圖) are about the analysis of Sasangin's characteristics from metaphysical concepts to Changbustic concepts. In ${\ulcorner}$Sasangin oyak${\lrcorner}$(四象人要藥), among them, 10 types of medicines were categorized separately by constitutional difference in ${\ulcorner}$Dongui Sasang Shinpyun${\lrcorner}$ and ${\ulcorner}$Dongmu Youg${\lrcorner}$(東武遺槁). The unique style of ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Sasang Yongyak Huebun${\lrcorner}$(東醫四象用藥索分) is originated from ${\ulcorner}$Bangyak Happyun${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner}$Euibang Whaltu${\lrcorner}$(${\ulcorner}$方藥合編${\lrcorner}$${\ulcorner}$醫方活套${\lrcorner}$), ${\ulcorner}$Whaltu Chimsun${\lrcorner}$,(${\ulcorner}$方藥合編${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner}$活套鎭線${\lrcorner}$). 3) There are 293 prescriptions in ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Sasang Shinpyun Chebang${\lrcorner}$. 36 out of 44 prescriptions in ${\ulcorner}$Gapont${\lrcorner}$(甲午本) are quoted in ${\ulcorner}$kyunghumbang${\lrcorner}$. Therefore it could be very possible that those unknown prescriptions in ${\ulcorner}$Kyunghumbang${\lrcorner}$ can be from lee Je Ma. 4) We are assumed that ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Sasang Shinpyun${\lrcorner}$ was made by some other doctors not from one single person, based on Lee Je Ma's prescriptions, after Lee Je Ma died. ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Sasang Shinpyun${\lrcorner}$ is very different from ${\ulcorner}$Dongeyi Suse Bowon${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}$Dongmu Yougo${\lrcorner}$(東武遺稿). ${\ulcorner}$Chobonkwun${\lrcorner}$(草本卷) by lee Je Ma since it was published for utilizing Sasang Constitutional Medicine and medical practice not for the basic principles of Sasang Constitution by Lee Je Ma. Therefore it could be highly possible to look over the spirit of Sasang Constitution by lee Je-ma.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.1-26
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• 1999

This paper was written in order to understand each constitutional symptoms and diseases with two aspects. The first was to trace the courses to accomplish constitutional symptoms and diseases from that of oriented medicine through "Dongyi Bogam" and the original writing such as "Shanghanlun". The second was to analyze the constitutional diseases with Lee Je-ma's own recognition on human being and the society which was based on the "Dongyi Suse Bowon". The original concepts of 'The Interior Disease' and 'The Exterior Disease' were based on the Nature and the Emotion, the Environmental Frames and the Human Affairs, the Ears Eyes Nose Mouth and the Lung Spleen Liver Kidney. The exterior disease were caused by the abilities of ears to listen, eyes to see, nose to smell, and mouth to taste on the environmental frames which were related one's recognition to society. The interior diseases were caused by the abilities of lung to study, spleen to ask, liver to think, kidney to judge on human affairs which were related the relationship between me and others. So the titles of constitutional diseases were named by these views on his first writing of "Dongyi Suse Bowon" in 1894. So the titles of Taeyangin diseases, 'The lumbar Vertebae Disease Induced by Exopathogen' and 'The Small Intestine Disease Induced by Endopathogen' were still remained as the first writing. But the titles of constitutional diseases were rewritten such as present titles in 1900. In order to express pathology and mechanism of constitutional diseases exactly, he rewrote titles which contained the manifestation sites of diseases, and the symptoms of febrile and cold, and the different congenital formations of organs. The exterior diseases and interior diseases had three characteristics. The first was that the exterior disease injured by the nature which had a tendency to progress slowly and the interior disease injured by the emotion which had a tendency to progress rapidly. The second was not that the interior disease and the exterior disease were separated, but that one influenced the other and these were revealed as a disease together when the diseases continued for a long time. The third was that even though the disease caught together it was included the beginning disease. The symptoms in ordinary times was the origin and clue to recognize the constitutional symptoms and diseases. It enabled to establish the constitutional medicine which treated by different ways according to constitution. It had two characteristics which were different from the Traditional Chinese Medicine in appearance of diseases. The first was that the disease was progressed to the next step from the symptoms in ordinary times. The second was that each constitution had different symptoms which were due to symptoms in ordinary times under the same disease, The third was the manifestation of disease were different from symptoms in ordinary times in the same constitution. But the most important thing was that Lee Je-ma recognized these symptoms in ordinary times as four categories and he presented constitutional symptoms and constitutional disease. The four categories were the method to recognize the human being and the diseases for him As the symptoms and diseases of Sasang Constitutional Medicine were compared to Traditional Chinese Medicine, the constitutional diseases of "Dongyi Suse Bowon" could be classified into two groups. The first group was the unique diseases and symptoms, which were not in the Traditional Chinese Medicine, and which were established by the Lee Je-ma. These contained the diseases of taeyangin, the exterior disease of taeumin, the exterior disease of soyangin. The second group used the unique methods to treat disease, which were not in Traditional Chinese Medicine, and which were established by Lee Je-ma. This contained the interior disease of taeumin, the delirium diseases from the MangYin of soyangin, the treatment to help the Yang-Qi ascend and to supplement the ql In the exterior disease of soeumin. Especially, the diseases of taeyangin and taeumin which were caused by the metabolism disorders of Qi-Yack(氣液) were the great achievement to establish constitutional symptoms and diseases. The discourse of taeyangin diseases presented his original thought to recognize the symptoms and diseases through the Shin Gi Hyul Jeong(神氣血精) and the Qi-Yack, the discourse of taeumin diseases presented the disperse of Qi-Yack through the forward and backward of sweat, the discourse of soyangin disease presented the sweat of hand and feet which was manifested that yin-qi of spleen descended to yin qi of kidney, and the bowel movement which was manifested that yang qi of large intestine ascend to head, face and four extremities, the discourse of soeumin disease presented the Jueyin syndrome without the abdominal pain and diarrhea as the exterior disease and made importance to the nervous mind And the classification of exterior diseases and interior diseases were not due to the pharmacology but due to the symptoms and diseases according to the constitution.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.101-109
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• 2000

Purpose This study is carried out to investigate the way of preservation of health. Method I studied the archives of the preventive way of thinking and upright habit of life expressed in the Dongyi Suse Bowon Sasang Chobonguen Result & Conclusion 1. For taking car of one's health and keeping quiet of emotion is more important than drug, we have to be cautious in extravagant use of drug. 2. For the preservation of health, it is recommended to observe moderation in liquor, sex, property, authority and discretion. 3. It is necessary for a man to do his best and to control emotion. 4. It had better engage in philanthropy than egoism.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.56-66
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• 2005

1. Objectives I, the author, interviewed Taeyangin patients who were proved by clinical effect and also focused in bibliography to compare with Taeyangin patients case then I found out a several differences. 2. Methods I discoursed with comparing bibliography witch stated Taeyangin characteristics, such as ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Suse Bowon${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}$Hwangje Nekyung${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}$Joongyi Chejilhak${\lrcorner}$, with interviewed 8 Taeyangin patients. 3. Results All of these 8 Taeyangin's men and women had very strong sharp-sighted. In characteristics and mental state, they usually were rather conservative than decisiveness, quick-tempered. In women case, they had average 1.78 children, no sterility, and didn't show a anger or sadness. The most of case ,showing a very sensitive reaction to food, were Nechoksojangbyung(內觸小腸病證). 4. Conclusions These results could be a important reference documents to classify Taeyangin in clinic.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2005

1. Objectives Scarcely referred except for a few phrases of the acupuncture of Dongmugong. He stated every disease could be cured through acupunture. In addition, generally there are a certain point('hyul-穴') of the body that suits according to the constitutions, and just as there are a theory that 'ascend-descend-loosen-tighten(升降緩束)' so as therapy of the symptom has the same. However, he did not indicate the concrete method of the four constitutional acupuncture. He only asked his descendants to study about it. 2. Methods Therefore, author of the thesis tries to describe the theory approach to the seletive method of four constitutional acupunture point based on ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Suse Bowon(東醫壽世保元)${\lrcorner}$ 3. Results and Conclusions The author of the thesis recommended the methods to apply twelve channels to sasangin's disease and symptoms according to the ascend(升)-descend(降)-loosen(緩)-tighten(束)

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 2006

1. Objectives and Methods The original insect of $Q\'{\i}C\'{a}o$ is described as the larvae of Holotrichia diomphalia Bates (Scarabaeidae) in oriental medicine literatures. Traditionally $Q\'{\i}C\'{a}o$ inhabit on rotting wood, compost, and organic debris of soil or thatched roofs. They have the very important distinguishing mark that wriggle along on their back through rotting wood, compost etc. and they never do inflict the living crops. but, Holotrichia diomphalia Bates as the $Q\'{\i}C\'{a}o$ is not right because of many questions, such as Holotrichia are the harmful insects eat into farm products, and those don't match well with korean farmers' moods if their cultivated lands are turned over for collecting $Q\'{\i}C\'{a}o$ larvae, and especially they don't go on using their back. 2. Results and Conclusions Accordingly, in the conclusion of this subject it is reported that the original insect of $Q\'{\i}C\'{a}o$ is the larvae of Korean Cetoniidae(Coleoptera; Scarabaeoidea) insects including Genus Protaetia Burmeister(Protaetia orientalis submarmorea Burmeister, P.brevitarsis seulensis Kolbe, etc.) and the larvae of Korean Cetoniinae insects. Also, those were the original larvae of $Q\'{\i}C\'{a}o$ that were applied to not only 'DongEuiBoGam' but also 'Dongyi Suse Bowon prescriptions'. Those feed on rotting wood, compost, and organic debris of soil or thatched roofs.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.8-27
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• 2001

1. Purpose This paper was written in order to understand the concept of ${\ulcorner}$DongMuYooGo YakSungGa${\lrcorner}$ (東武遣稿 藥性歌) which was descending as the material of Sasang pharmacology. So we are planning to make use of the fundamental material of the study on the Sasang Medications and Prescriptions. 2. Methods Through comparing each clause of ${\ulcorner}$DongMuYooGo YakSungGa${\lrcorner}$ on all the sasang -records, we understood that concept. 3 Result 1) ${\ulcorner}$DongMuYooGo YakSungGa${\lrcorner}$ of a literary work of DongMu(東武) which contain special elucidative-method of herb-nature has 18 type of YakSungGa which explain each 27 herbs for the Taeeumin, Soyangin and Soeumin. The period of authoship is supposed to the time just before ${\ulcorner}$DongyiSuseBowon Gabobon${\lrcorner}$ (東醫壽世保元 甲午本)(1894, DongMu 58 years old) or middle of fifties(53-57 years old). 2) YakSungGa of ${\ulcorner}$DongMuYooGo${\lrcorner}$ which is published by the BoGunsung(保健省) of North Korea is supposed to close to original type. The main meaning of that is the herb-nature which works on the weakst point of each Sasangin. And then the herbs were classfied by the diseases and symptoms possessing Bomyungjiju(保命之主), the herb's efficacy is explained at the each constitution. 3) The meaning of ${\ulcorner}$DongMuYooGo YakSungGa${\lrcorner}$ is exposure of the opinion of DongMu's early stage that proposed herb-nature which is applied to the principle of Jang(臟) of Sasangin, reason and purpose to enact newly created prescriptios by the constitutional diseases and symptoms, and the compositional principle of newly created prescription. 4) The selection of herbs or cogution of herb-nature of DongMu's pharmacological opinion of his early stage was changed by accumulating clinical experience. So all the newly created prescriptios of ${\ulcorner}$DongyiSuseBowon${\lrcorner}$ could not be explained by only the herb and the herd-nature on ${\ulcorner}$DongMuYooGo YakSungGa${\lrcorner}$. Therefore the purpose of DongMu's YaksungGa is not explaining the symptoms in charge of each herb or classifying the herb by constitution, but offering the principle of composition of prescription of Sasang, from the necessary herb which possess and expand Bomyungjiju to nature of herb which is applied to the constitution for treating all the diseases and sypmtoms by the heavy or light and slow or speedy.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 2004

1. Objectives Theory of Iinsim Tosim(the Human - Mind and the Moral - Mind) that originated from "Sang-Seo(尙書)" "Dae-Woo-Mo(大禹謨)" is a relative importance point of dispute at the existing confucianism and chosun's neo confucianism. Our consideration point is that a close examination of relation between Iinsim-Tosim theory of existing confucianism's and Lee Je-ma's thought of Iinsim Tosim and his creative exposition that is related to view of human being contained theory of sasang(四象), knowledge & conduction(Jihang, 知行). 2. Methods of Research We analyze "Gyukchigo(格致藁)" that is contained confucianism's contents and Lee Je-ma's view point of human being, and consult " Dongyi Suse Bowon chobongeun(東醫壽世保元草本卷)", "Dongyi Suse Bowon(東醫壽世保元)", reference about confucianism and some other thesis. 3. Results (1) Lee Je-ma's thought of Iinsim Tosim is closely connected each other. There is close correlation between Iinsim and Tosim such as both ends. And Iinsim Tosim is not virtue and vice relation but all good concept, though each have fragility, Iinsim have weakness of laziness and Tosim have that of desire. (2) Lee Je-ma insist on having lisim(理心)-kyungsim(敬心) for overcoming each fragility that weakness of laziness and desire. And he present learning(學) and speculation(思) for acquirement of lisim(理心) kyungsim(敬心). (3) Lee Je-ma's thought of Iinsim Tosim's containing meaning is not one side but both side for nature(性) & emotion(情). therefore Iinsim Tosim is closely connected Lee Je-ma's view of human being and theory of knowledge & conduction(Ji-Hang, 知行論). That is very different from existing confucianism & MyungSunlock(Book of Illuminating Goodnes)'s thought. (4) Iinsim is connected with knowledge(知), Tosim is connected with conduction(行) (5) Lee Je-ma's thought of Affairs - Mind - Body - Objects(事心身物) is closely connected with Iinsim-Tosim. 4. Conclusions There are no parts that directly criticized by LEE JE-MA, comparing with he's thought and the existing confucianism's theory of Iinsim Tosim, a specific person's theory. but LEE JE-MA approached the theory of Iinsim Tosim with thought that is not an extension of existing confucianism's thought, but original with himself, therefore LEE JE-MA's thought of Iinsim Tosim is closely connected with the most important conceptions (theory of nature & emotion, theory of knowledge & conduction) at the Sasang Constitutional Medicine. and Iinsim Tosim is an important clue for understanding the thought of LEE JE-MA.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2005

Objectives : This dissertation is to study the relationship between Scoliosis and Sasang Constitution. Methods : The researcher discriminated the Sasang constitutions of those observed - the out-patients - who were treated from January to June 2004, and showed, through whole spine X-ray, over 10 degrees in Cobb's angle. The result coming out from this study was compared firstly with the existing Sasang constitution theory from 《Dongyi Suse Bowon》 《東醫壽世保元》 and secondly with the existing of QSCCII statistics. The statistics were taken as Goodness-of-fit test, T-test, and ANOVA test. Results : 1. Of those 29 observed, 4(13.79%) were categorized in Taeum-in, 14(48.28%) in Soyang-in, and 11(37.93%)in Soum-in. 2. The result showed a significant difference with the Sasang constitution from Dong-isusebowon. 3. The result showed a difference with the existing from QSCCII. 4. There of no significant relations between each constitutions and Scoliosis. 5. There no significant relations between distinction and Scoliosis. Conclusions : In this study, rate of Soyang-in, among patients diagnosed scoliosis, was the higher.