• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.46 no.3
• /
• pp.245-251
• /
• 2009

Objective : The authors analyzed the effectiveness and therapeutic response of Novalis shaped beam radiosurgery for metastatic brain tumors, and the prognostic factors which influenced the outcome. Methods : We performed a retrospective analysis of 106 patients who underwent 159 treatments for 640 metastatic brain lesions between January 2000 and April 2008. The pathologies of the primary tumor were mainly lung (45.3%), breast (18.2%) and GI tract (13.2%). We classified the patients using Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Recursive Partitioning Analysis (RPA) and then analyzed the survival and prognostic factors according to the Kaplan Meier method and univariate analysis. Results : The overall median actuarial survival rate was 7.3 months from the time of first radiosurgery treatment while 1 and 2 year actuarial survival estimates were 31% and 14.4%, respectively. Median actuarial survival rates for RPA classes I, II, and III were 31.3 months, 7.5 months and 1.7 months, respectively. Patients' life spans, higher Karnofsky performance scores and age correlated closely with RPA classes. However, sex and the number of lesions were not found to be significantly associated with length of survival. Conclusion : This result suggests that Novalis radiosurgery can be a good treatment option for treatment of the patients with brain metastases.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.521-526
• /
• 2005

We assembled the optical beam director with diameter 300 mm. This consists of primary, secondary mirrors and 5 folding mirrors. Among them, the primary mirror is the most important component so that we measure any possible deformation on it at every step of assembly. Also, we developed the systematic alignment algorithm, which is essential because the number of mirrors is 7. The final wavefront error of the system is 1.9 wave rms (wave=633 nm) which is 7 times larger than we expected. The main source is the deformation of the 131ding mirrors. We expect that what we have learned from the assembly of this system would be helpful when we deal with a larger system in the future.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
• /
• v.11 no.6
• /
• pp.280-285
• /
• 2012

Aluminum is on active metal, but it is well known that its oxide film plays a role as protective barrier which is comparatively stable in air and neutral aqueous solution. Thus, aluminum alloys have been widely applied in architectural trim, cold & hot-water storage vessels and piping etc., furthermore, the aluminum alloy of AC8A have been widely used in mold casting material of engine piston because of its properties of temperature and wear resistance. In recent years, the oil price is getting higher and higher, thus the using of low quality oil has been significantly increased in engines of ship and vehicle. Therefore it is considered that evaluation of corrosion resistance as well as wear resistance of AC8A material is also important to improve its property and prolong its lifetime. In this study, the effect of solution and tempering heat treatment to corrosion and wear resistance is investigated with electrochemical method and measurement of hardness. The hardness decreased with solution heat treatment compared to mold casting condition, but its value increased with tempering heat treatment and exhibited the highest value of hardness with tempering heat treatment temperature at $190^{\circ}C$ for 24hrs. Furthermore, corrosion resistance increased with decreasing of the hardness, and decreased with increasing of the hardness reversely. As a result, it is suggested that the optimum heat treatment to improve both corrosion and wear resistance is tempering heat treatment temperature at $190^{\circ}C$ for 16hrs.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.10 no.11
• /
• pp.185-196
• /
• 2012

Information system operation principles were recently established in order to provide high quality service and efficient operation audit of IT outsourcing. Operation managements are done based on these principles. Therefore, information operating management process, which refers to itself, is established. Information system operation audit requires a constant audit regularly, which is different from construction/development audit that is done only once. As operating management process changes, operation audit guidelines should be updated and improved. Therefore, this paper proposes IT outsourcing operation audit model with IT outsourcing achievement management as a focus. IT service domain was referred in order to propose information system operation audit model and check lists, which are based on IT outsourcing operation managements such as planning, making strategies, contract, service, and management. The deduced audit model and check lists verified suitability of the proposed model by experts' survey.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.169-185
• /
• 2007

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate menstrual symptoms and patterns of high school girls by Sasang constitution and relationship between such symptoms and Sasang constitution. Methods : For the study, QSCCII and 'M.B.Q' employed to analyze the data collected from 581 high school girls in Pusan from July 11 to July 20, 2006. Results : As for menstrual characteristics of the subjects by Sasang constitution Taeeumins start menarche is relatively early in contrast with Soeumins who experienced menarche relatively late(P=.012). This survey proves that menses last relatively long for Soeumin whereas Soyangins have relatively short period of menstruation(P=.043). Furthermore, Taeeumins account for majority of those who have much quantity of menstruation with 22.7% while Soeumins account for majority with 13.2%. From the analysis into menstrual symptoms of the subjects put under 5 categories of Sasang constitution, it became evident that Soeumins turned out to have most negative affect(11.8${\pm}$3.78) (P=.053). Soeumins scored the highest points in the response area of autonomic reactions(10.6${\pm}$3.24)(P=.014). In the total points of menstrual symptoms including the above 5 sub-categories, Soeumins recorded the highest scores(52.4${\pm}$12.5), followed by Soyangins(50.0${\pm}$12.2) and Taeeumins in order, showing that there is no statistically significant difference(F = 2.859, p = .058) among them although Soeumins seem to feel slightly more menstrual symptoms than Soyangins and Taeeumins. Conclusion : We hope these results could be helpful to diagnosis and treatment of mestrual diseases.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2011.11a
• /
• pp.56-59
• /
• 2011

The process conditions for high efficiency industrial crystalline Si solar cells with selective emitter were optimized. In the screen printed solar cells, the sheet resistance must be 50-60V/sq. because of metal contact resistance. But the low sheet resistance causes the increase of the recombination and blue response at the short wavelength. Therefore, the screen printed solar cells with homogeneous emitter have limitations of efficiency, and this means that the selective emitter must be used to improve cell efficiency. This work demonstrates the feasibility of a commercially available selective emitter process, based on screen printing and conventional diffusion process. Now, we improved cell efficiency from 18.29% to18.45% by transition of heavy emitter pattern and shallow emitter doping condition.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.143-151
• /
• 2008

Execute IP traceback at this paper as target an intruder's attacking that Bypass Attack in order to avoid an exposure of own Real IP address Design IP traceback server and agent module, and install in Internet network system for Real IP traceback. Set up detection and chase range aggressive loop around connection arbitrariness, and attack in practice, and generate Real IP data cut off by fatal attacks after data and intrusion detection accessed general IP, and store to DB. Generate the Forensic data which Real IP confirms substance by Whois service, and ensured integrity and the reliability that buy to early legal proof data, and was devoted to of an invader Present the cyber criminal preventive effect that is dysfunction of Ubiquitous Information Society and an effective Real IP traceback system, and ensure a Forensic data generation basis regarding a judge's robe penalty through this paper study.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.284-287
• /
• 2005

A 18-month-old, male Maltese dog with acute seizure was referred to Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Kyungpook National University. Abnormal neurologic findings included a tendency to fall to the left, turn and circle to the right, negative bilateral menace responses and pupillary light reflexes, and diminished responses to facial sensation testing on both sides. Radiographic signs were normal, except for occipital dysplasia. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed bilateral asymmetric ventriculomegaly, which is more on left side. Cerebral edema was also suspected. The dog died after 9 days from the onset of seizure, and a necropsy was performed. Histopathologically, the brain lesions in the meninges and the cerebral cortex of this dog was presented. There was severe diffuse nonsuppurative inflammation in perivascular area of the meninges and the cerebral white matter. Based on the results, this case was diagnosed as necrotizing meningoencephalitis in Maltese dog.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.38 no.11
• /
• pp.1013-1021
• /
• 2015

Most of the axons in the vertebrate nervous system are surrounded by a lipid-rich membrane called myelin, which promotes rapid conduction of nerve impulses and protects the axon from being damaged. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the CNS characterized by infiltration of immune cells and progressive damage to myelin and axons. One potential way to treat MS is to enhance the endogenous remyelination process, but at present there are no available treatments to promote remyelination in patients with demyelinating diseases. Sulfasalazine is an anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating drug that is used in rheumatology and inflammatory bowel disease. Its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties prompted us to test the ability of sulfasalazine to promote remyelination. In this study, we found that sulfasalazine promotes remyelination in the CNS of a transgenic zebrafish model of NTR/MTZ-induced demyelination. We also found that sulfasalazine treatment reduced the number of macrophages/microglia in the CNS of demyelinated zebrafish larvae, suggesting that the acceleration of remyelination is mediated by the immunomodulatory function of sulfasalazine. Our data suggest that temporal modulation of the immune response by sulfasalazine can be used to overcome MS by enhancing myelin repair and remyelination in the CNS.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.37 no.6
• /
• pp.467-472
• /
• 2014

Obesity is known to be strongly associated with cardiovascular disease and cancer, the leading causes of mortality worldwide, and develops owing to interactions between genes and the environment. DNA methylation can act as a downstream effector of environmental signals, and analysis of this process therefore holds substantial promise for identifying mechanisms through which genetic and environmental factors jointly contribute to disease risk. Global DNA methylation of peripheral blood cells has recently been proposed as a potential biomarker for disease risk. Repetitive element DNA methylation has been shown to be associated with prominent obesity-related chronic diseases, but little is known about its relationship with weight status. In this study, we quantified the methylation of Alu elements in the peripheral blood DNA of 244 healthy women with a range of body mass indexes (BMIs) using pyrosequencing technology. Among the study participants, certain clinical laboratory parameters, including hemoglobin, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic- pyruvic transaminase, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were found to be strongly associated with BMI. Moreover, a U-shaped association between BMI and Alu methylation was observed, with the lowest methylation levels occurring at BMIs of between 23 and $30kg/m^2$. However, there was no significant association between Alu methylation and age, smoking status, or alcohol consumption. Overall, we identified a differential influence of BMI on global DNA methylation in healthy Korean women, indicating that BMI-related changes in Alu methylation might play a complex role in the etiology and pathogenesis of obesity. Further studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this relationship.