• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.562-572
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• 2011

This study is to examine the environmental characteristics of subpopulations of Ilex crenata var. microphyllla Max. distributed in the east-west slopes of Mt. Halla National Park based on analyzing the factors of environment, vegetation and soil. The result of the TWINSAPN analysis conducted on 56 study plots between the altitudes of 500 m and 1600 m of east-west slopes of Mt. Halla National Park can be divided into five communities-Prunus maximowiczii Rupr., Manshurian fullmoon Maple, Carpinus tschonoskii Max., Daphniphyllum macropodum Miq., Quercus serrata Thunb. ex Murray and Pinus thunbergil Parl. Among these communities, the plot with high importance percentage of the subpopulation of Ilex crenata var. microphyllla Max., is the Carpinus tschonoskii Max.-Daphniphyllum macropodum Miq. included in the altitude of 600m~1200m radius. The dominant species of the upper shrub layer was Carpinus tschonoskii Max.(I.P.: 29.82%) while the dominant species of the canopy layer was Daphniphyllum macropodum Miq.(I.P.: 26.76%). For the understory layer the dominant species was Ilex crenata var. microphyllla Max.. Species diversity index was on the low end with 0.7424, indicating the stably formed climax community of Carpinus tschonoskii Max.. The analysis of soil properties showed high concentrations of organic matters, available phosphate and Ca, Mg, the high importance percentage of the of Ilex crenata var. microphyllla Max. is found in altitude of 600m~800m on the eastern slope and the altitude of 800m~1,000m radius on the west slope. This region is included in the southern part of the cold/hot forest zone, its high importance percentage of Carpinus tschonoskii Max. and low in the species diversity index of 0.7424, and has formed stable climax community of Carpinus tschonoskii Max. in Mt. Halla.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.35 no.3 s.99
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• pp.220-231
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• 2002

The fish fauna and Community were surveyed from April 2000 to September 2001 at 23 stations in the nam river, the first tributary located to the lower reach of the Nakdong River system. During the study period, 39 species belonging to 29 genera and 11 families were collected. Of which 14 species are endemic species or subspecies in Korea. Introduced species from other river system, O. bidens had not been collected at all after the report of Yang (1973) but many individuals were captured at main stream and tributary in this survey. Introduced species from abroad M. salmoides increased at most of stations. Dominant species in main stream were Z. platypus, O. bidens and H. labeo. On the contrary, Z. temmincki, Z. platypus and S. gracilis majimae dominated the tributaries. Diversity indices of main stream and tributaries were 0,979 and 0.966 respectively. St. 3 of main stream and St.1 and 16 of tributaries had high diversity indices (1.05, 0.962, 0.956) and lower dominant indices (0.102, 0.369, 0.200). As a whole, dominant index was 0.160, diversity index 1.044 and evenness index 0.656. It indicated that the community structure of this river was stable and diverse relatively.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.375-384
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• 1997

The effects of three different irrigating water qualities(clean water, life sewage and animal sewage) on the pattern of arthropod communities in the rice fields were investigated at Banwol, Kyonggi-do, mid-western part of Korea from 1994 to 1996. The total density of arthropod was highest in the rice field which was irrigated with clean water(clean water field), and the arthropod community was mainly composed of aphids and collembolans. Each functional group was found in the order of 'pests>non-pests>natural enemies' in its density. The dominant taxa in the pest group were aphids, planthoppers(Delphacidae), leafhoppers(Cicadelidae) and rice water weevil(L. oryzophilus). In the non-pest group collembolans, non-biting midges and dipterans were main arthropods, and in the natural enemy group Araneae was the dominant taxon. In the early growth stage of rice plant the dominant functional group was pests, and in the mid growth stage both the pest and the natural enemy group became dominant. But in the late growth stage none of the functional group was dominant over the other functional groups. The densities of spiders were much more higher in the clean water field than in the other fields. And through all the growth stages of rice plants the density of spiders in clean water field kept increase in contrast to the others. The species composition of spiders in the life sewage field was similar to that in the animal sewage field, but in the clean water field it was different from the other two fields.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.71-90
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• 1997

A soudy on the distrobution and seasonal changes of the benthic macrovertebrates community was performed on the 5 intertidal rocky shores of Chujado in the Cheju-Channel during four seasons from March 1996 to February 1997.The macroinvertebrates identified in Chujado totally composed of 9 phyla, 18 classes, 38 orers, 147 species. The macroinvertebrates idetified according to the stations were 9 phyla, 138 species in Sinyangri(ST. 1); 8 phyla, 134 species in Younghungri(ST. 4);and 8 phyla, 131 species in Daeseori(ST. 5); The species diversities of the lower intertidal zones were higher than those of middle and upper intertidal zones, however, the seasonal appearance in number of species was not different among the stations. The vertically distributed dominant species in intertidal zone were; Nodifittorina exigua and Nerita japponica in the supralittoral zones; Monodonta labio labil and Buccinulum ferrea in the upper zones; Septifer keenae and Lunella coronata corensis in the middle zones; Purpura clavigara, S. keenae and Pomatoleios krausii in the submiddle zones; and Actinia mesembryanthemum, Tetracliata squamosa japonica and N. schrenckii in the lower zones. The intertidal community structures between Chujado and Cheju coast showed that Chujado composed of fewer number of species and lower value of species diversity and richness indices than Cheju coast.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.90 no.4
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• pp.465-475
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• 2001

Based on the community structural attributes, such as species composition, diameter and height distribution, topographic position, and species diversity in the natural deciduous forest of Mt. Gari area, this study suggested desirable species and composition ratio to achieve ecological management of forests so as to maintain forest stability and enhance economical values. The results are as follows : 1. Twenty-five tree species were growing in the study forest. Of these Quercus mongolica, Pinus densiflora, Juglans mandshurica, Quercus serrata, Cornus controversa, Acer mono, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, and Tilia mandshurica were selected for desirable species through the evaluation of dominant and dominant potential. Kalopanax pictus, considered to be highly valuable species, was also included. 2. Taking account of different species composition pattern by topographic positions, we select as desirable species of J. mandshurica, C. controversa, Q. mongolica, A. mono, T. mandshurica, and F. rhynchophylla in the valley area, Q. mongolica, Q. serrata, A. mono, T. mandshurica, F. rhynchophylla, and K. pictus in the mid-slope area, and Q. mongolica, P. densiflora, Q. serrata, and Fraxinus rhynchophylla in the ridge area. 3. Based on the estimation of species diversity index for the overstory components, the reasonable forest stability levels of the indices were estimated at 1.96, 1.68, 1.94, and 1.27 for whole forest, valley, midslope, and ridge, respectively. 4. The recommended species composition ratios in the study forest were suggested Q. mongolica to be 30%, A. mono, F. rhynchophylla, Q. serrata, and T. mandshurica to be 10%~15%, J. mandshurica, P. densiflora, and C. controversa to be 5%~10%, and K. pictus to be 5%.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.238-248
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• 2010

We performed field investigations at six stations in Buk Stream of Goseong-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea, from May to September 2009 to understand the stream's fish fauna and community structure. In the survey, 31 species belonging to 20 families were collected. Dominant species by number was Zacoo koreanus (30.0%), and subdominant species were Pungitius kaibarae (9.4%) and Rhynchocypris steindachneri (9.3%). In biomass, the dominant species was Tribolodon hakonensis (35.5%), and subdominant species were Z. koreanus (22.5%) and Cobitis pacifica (7.5%). Eight Korean endemic fish species and two endangered species (P. kaibarae and Pungitius sinensis) were collected. In addition, four anadromous fish species (T. hakonensis, Oncorhynchus masou masou, O. keta, Gasterosteus aculeatus) and two amphidromus fish species (Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis and Gymnogobius urotaenia) were observed. Interestingly, we verified the existence of several fish species in Buk Stream where they have not lived before. Those species were previously reported to live only in rivers that run into the western and southern sea of Korea. Five of those species (Zacoo koreanus, Z. platypus, Silurus microdorsalis, Liobagrus andersoni and Coreoperca herzi) were reported in Buk Stream in the 1980s. The other species (Pungtungia herzi, Pseudorasbora parva, Squalidus multimaculatus, Misgurnus mizolepis, Koreocobitis rotundicaudata, Silurus asotus and Odontobutis interrupta) have been introduced since the 1990s.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.199-208
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• 2015

This study was conducted to provide basic information for weed control by surveying the occurrence of weed species in upland crop fields in Gyeongnam province of Korea. The result of this survey, 55 weed species 21 families in barley fields, 56 weed species 22 families in garlic fields, 47 weed species 19 families in onion fields, 68 weed species 26 families in Chinese cabbage fields, 54 weed species 22 families in potato fields, 62 weed species 25 families in sweet potato fields, 87 weed species 29 families in red pepper fields, 79 weed species 28 families in corn fields, 84 weed species 29 families in soybean fields. The most dominant weed species in upland crop fields of Gyeongnam province were Alopecurus aequalis var. amurensis 20.7% (barley fields), Cardamine flexuosa 12.3% (garlic fields), Chenopodium ficifolium 18.7% (onion fields), Portulaca oleracea 8.1% (Chinese cabbage fields), Chenopodium ficifolium 13% (potato fields), Digitaria ciliaris 12.6% (sweet potato fields and red pepper fields) and Digitaria ciliaris 11.3% (corn fields), 13.2% (soybean fields). This information could be useful for establishment of future weed control methods in Gyeongnam province.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.176-184
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• 2018

This study was intended to provide basic data for more ecological and systematic preservation and management planning of forest vegetations in the Baekdudaegan sector between Danmoknyeong and Guryongnyeong where biodiversity is considered to be very important. A vegetation survey using the Zurich-Montpellier (Z.-M.) method of phytosociology was carried out in a total 142 sites to examine the environmental characteristics. The survey showed the forest vegetation types of one community group, two communities, four groups, and four subgroups. Quercus mongolica and Acer pseudosieboldianum, which fall under Constancy Class V, were dominant species and deemed to be the key species of the forest ecosystem management plan for the investigated areas. Regarding species diversity, it was found that the dominant species of the VT3 type were evenly distributed in the area while the species of the VT4 type showed not only a diverse composition but also the most abundant number of species. Moreover, there were 24 of rare plants found in the Danmoknyeong-Guryongnyeong section: the critically endangered species include Dracocephalum rupestre; the endangered species include Saxifraga octopetala; the vulnerable species include Paeonia japonica, Euphorbia fauriei, Hanabusaya asiatica, and Parasenecio pseudotaimingasa; the least concern species include Aristolochia manshuriensis, Rodgersia podophylla, Salvia chanryoenica, Scopolia japonica, and Parasenecio firmus.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.10-24
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• 2021

A seasonal characteristic of fish assemblages in the coastal waters of Gapa-do was determined using samples collected by a trammel net from 2015 to 2019. Annual mean temperature and salinity were 18.9℃, 33.6 psu (2015), 19.5℃, 33.6 psu (2016), 18.9℃, 33.8 psu (2017), 18.8℃, 34.5 psu (2018) and 19.5℃, 33.7 psu (2019), which show a stable water mass. During the survey period, a total of 50 species (30 families and 8 orders) of fishes were identified, including Scorpaeniformes (3 families and 9 species) and Perciformes (18 families and 29 species) that accounted for 68% of the total number. The number of species was higher in summer than in winter, showing the peak in the summer by 35 species and the low in the winter by 20 species. The number of individuals and the biomass peaked in the summer by 690 individuals and 151.4 kg, and were the lowest in the autumn by 336 individuals and 76.6 kg. The annual diversity index, evenness index and richness index were appeared to be 2.54-2.75, 0.68-0.76 and 5.32-6.65 at each stations. The dominance index was appeared to be the highest in 2018 and the lowest in 2015. Marbled rockfish (Sebastiscus marmoratus), rock fish (Sebastes inermis), filefish (Stephanolepis cirrhifer), rabbit fish (Siganus fuscescens), porcupine fish (Diodon holocanthus) and smallscale blackfish (Girella melanichthys) were dominant species, which occurred abundantly during the entire survey period. Subtropical fishes were identified as a total of 24 species (48.0%) and the number of species was higher in 2019 by 20 (60.6%) species and lower in 2015 by 13 (44.8%) species. The dominant species of the subtropical fishes were appeared to be rabbit fish, porcupine fish, smallscale blackfish, flag fish (Goniistius zonatus), stripey (Microcanthus strigatus), grunter (Parapristipoma trilineatum), and bluestriped angelfish (Chaetodontoplus septentrionalis) at the study sites.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.97-111
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• 2010

Phytoplankton production is affected by various physico-chemical factors of environment. However, one of the most critical factors generally accepted as controlling primary production of phytoplankton is nutrients. It has recently been found that the succession of phytoplankton groups and species are closely related to the chemical properties of ambient water including nutrient limitation and their ratios. In Jangmok Bay, silicate and nitrate are primarily supplied by rainfall, while phosphate and ammonia are supplied by wind stress. Typhoons are associated with rainfall and strong wind stress, and when typhoons pass through the South Sea, such events may induce phytoplankton blooms. When nutrients were supplied by heavy rainfalls during the rainy season and by summer typhoons in Jangmok Bay, the dominant taxa among the phytoplankton groups were found to change successively with time. The dominant taxon was changed from diatoms to flagellates immediately after the episodic seasonal events, but returned to diatoms within 3~10 days. Pseudo-nitzschia spp. were dominant mainly in the presence of low phosphate levels during the first of the survey which included the rainy season, while Skeletonema costatum was dominant when phosphate concentrations were high due to the strong wind stress during the latter half of the survey as a result of the typhoon. The competition between S. costatum and Chaetoceros spp. appeared to be regulated by the silicate concentration. S. costatum preferred high silicate and phosphate concentrations; however, Chaetoceros spp. were able to endure low silicate concentrations. These results implied that, in coastal ecosystems, the input patterns of each nutrient supplied by rainfall and/or wind stress appeared to contribute to the summer succession of phytoplankton groups and species.