• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.265-270
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• 2010

Purpose: Most of the bilateral structures in our body are not perfectly balanced, such that one side is preferred than the other or it has physiological superiority. Eyes also have an imbalance; the eye with sensory and motional superiority compared to the other is called dominant eye. Authors of this study focused on analyzing the correlation between the dominant eye and levator palpebrae superioris muscle. Methods: The subject of this study was 42 patients with no ptosis and with no past history of blepharoplasty. Hand dominance was identified through questionnaire and dominant eye was identified by hole-in-the-card dominance test (Dolman's test) in all patients. The function of levator palpebrae superioris muscle was measured by MLD (marginal limbal distance). During the measuring procedure, frontalis muscle was not inhibited to avoid the eyelid skin hooding. Results: Out of 42 patients, 27 patients (64.3%) were right ocular dominant, 15 patients (35.7%) were left ocular dominant, 36 patients (85.7%) were right hand dominant and 4 patients (9.5%) were left hand dominant. Out of 27 right ocular dominant patients, right MLD was larger than the left in 26 patients (96.3%). It was larger in average of 0.47 mm (p<0.001) in 27 right ocular dominant patients. Also, left MLD was larger than the right in 11 patients (73.3%) out of 15 left ocular dominant patients. It was larger in average of 0.57 mm (p=0.003) in 27 left ocular dominant patients. MLD on the side of the dominant eye was larger in average of 0.50 mm (p<0.001) than the MLD of non-dominant eye side. Right MLD was larger than the left in average of 0.28mm (p=0.010) in right hand dominant patients, and left MLD was larger than the right in average of 1.15 mm (p=0.025) in left hand dominant patients. Conclusion: The function of levator palpebrae muscle differs in right and left, and the difference correlates with the dominant eye. Also, the function of levator palpebrae muscle is stronger in the dominant eye. We were able to present statistical evidence regarding the difference of the function in right and left levator palpebrae muscle. This may be a factor worth consideration in terms of balancing the eyes during the blepharoplasty.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.1017-1022
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• 2007

In this paper, we try to analyze the likelihood of exercising the power of market dominance by certain generators in future power industry of Korea. Firstly, we estimated installed generation capacity and sales volume of electricity in Korea, based on 'The 3rd Long Term Power Plan' which was announced in December 2006. Secondly, we calculated HHI, an index showing the degree of concentration of an industry, and RSI, an index showing how adequate the supply of goods or services of an industry is, using Fast-Forward. Thirdly, assuming a major generator employs the strategy of withholding a part of its available capacity at a peak time, we simulated hypothetical movement of SMP over a certain period of time, which is compared with that obtained without assuming such strategy to generate Lerner Index. an index showing the degree of market power of a monopoly. Regulators, home and abroad, have not given much interest in analyzing the effect of market dominance that is likely to be exercised by certain players in the future. That said, this paper provides insight into developing methodologies of analyzing and mitigating such effect by proposing the above indices to gauge it. In addition, this paper also shows the potential impact of employing capacity withholding strategy on the financial account of a dominant generator.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.69-82
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• 1981

The purpose of this study was to compare the needs among the patients of hyperthyroid, malignant tumor and normal adult to clarify the level of the need for the patient of hyperthyroid. We analysed relationships between their personal characteristics and their needs to contribute comprehensive nursing care for the patient of hyperthyroid. The . subjects were chosen from 60 persons who visited for general physical examination at Ewha Woman's University Medical Center., 72 patients having diagnosis with hyperthyroidism, and 72 patients admitted with malignant tumors at atomic neuclear medical center. The data was collected from September 1 to December 31, 1980, and the study population was selected by means of convenience sampling. The data was analysed by means of the standard deviation and analysis of variance. The results were as follows: 1. In the patients having hyperthyroid, male to female ratio was 1 :13.5, and incidence was peak at the age groups of 20 to 40. 2. In compare with the needs among 3 groups, there are significant relationships: the patient of cancer has shown the highest score with Achievement, Aggression and Dominance, the patient of hyperthyroid shown higher and the normal adult shown low score. .In the need related with sex, there is significant relationship: the normal adult has shown highest score, the patient having hyperthyroid shown the higher score and the patient of cancer shown the low score. 3. Tn compare with Whang's Edward personal preference schedule, the Hyperthyroidism shown relatively higher needs for aggression, dominance, exhibitionism and sex.

• ALGAE
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.61-71
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• 2011

Thirty populations of Chondrus crispus Stackhouse from Nova Scotia were collected during the years 1993 to 2011. Taken from estuaries, wave exposed open coasts, high intertidal rock pools and shallow subtidal habitats, the populations were evaluated for relative abundance of tetrasporophytic and gametophytic life history phases. Over 2,800 thalli were characterized using the resorcinol-acetal test to distinguish the kappa- and lambda-carrageenan containing fronds of gametophytes and tetrasporophytes, respectively. These populations had $77{\pm}5%$ gametophytes (mean ${\pm}95%$ confidence interval), with most populations having gametophyte : sporophyte ratios ranging from 2 : 1 to 9 : 1. No population had a dominance of tetrasporophytes, although two populations had 1 : 1 ratios. A meta-analysis of our data along with previously published accounts showed no significant changes in gametophyte dominance with respect to hypothesized gradients of wave exposure, salinity, or water depth. Significant changes occurred in ratios at five sites where replicate sampling occurred in different years. We conclude that C. crispus in Maritime Canada has a natural ratio of 3 : 1 or greater in stable conditions, and that lower ratios represent recovery from disturbance in which bare substratum is created that is subsequently colonized by carpospores from remaining gametophytic thalli.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.1 s.68
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• pp.132-135
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• 2005

This experiment was performed to obtain the basic information on heterosis and heterobeltiosis of quantitative characters in the eggplant by crossing of varieties. The heterosis and heterobeltiosis were estimated in Fl generation. The results were as follows, based on the graphical analysis, the characters, plant height, stem diameter, fruit weight, leaf length, leaf width, and fruit number per plant(yield) were assumed to inherit dominance, and fruit length and fruit diameter were found to inherit incomplete dominance. The degree of positive heterosis of plant height, stem diameter, fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, leaf length, leaf width, and fruit diameter, leaf width, leaf length, fruit weight, and stem diameter showed negative heterobeltiosis.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.1007-1021
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• 2018

Community dynamics of benthic macroinvertebrates and biological evaluation of water quality were investigated at Gigyecheon of Pohang and Gyeongju, Korea. The survey was carried out at 8 sites from May to October, 2017. As a result, total of 104 species under 54 families, 15 orders, 8 classes in 4 phyla with 5,052 individuals were revealed. The number of species was the most abundantly identified in aquatic insects, 76 species under 34 families, 6 orders. Among them, the order Odonata was the most abundant taxon as 21 species(20.2%). The most abundant individuals were collected in the phylum Mollusca as 1,453 individuals(28.8%). Various species appeared dominantly at each site by season, and the most dominant species was Caridina denticulata denticulata belonging to the class Malacostraca with 0.08 of dominance index. According to the results of community structure analyses, the diversity and richness indices were the highest at site II, the evenness index was the highest at site I, and the dominance index was the highest at site IV. The number of species and individuals of gathering collectors were the highest among functional feeding groups. Those of sprawlers were the highest among habitat orientation groups. The ESB showed a tendency to change according to season and site, and it was the highest in May at most surveyed sites. The KSI was also somewhat fluctuated according to season and site. From these indices, average biological water quality was evaluated as class II.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.513-531
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• 2018

This study compared forest vegetation in Chungcheongnam-do Provincial Park (Deogsan, Chilgabsan, and Daedunsan) from 2006 to 2016. The results of the analysis on the vegetation of the research sites by the phytosociological method showed that the Deogsan Provincial Park had Quercus mongolica community, Pinus densiflora community, Q. variabilis community, and Zelkova serrata community. Chilgabsan Provincial Park had Q. variabilis community, Q. mongolica community, P. densiflora community, and Carpinus laxiflora community. Daedunsan Provincial Park had Q. mongolica community, Q. variabilis community, Q. serrata community, C. tschonoskii community, C. laxiflora community, P. densiflora community, and Q. acutissima community. The importance value in each Provincial Parks was analyzed as follows. The importance value of Q. mongolica(72.35) was the highest in Deogsan Provincial Park, and followed by P. densiflora(70.25), Q. variabilis(53.11), Styrax japonicus(11.44), Prunus sargentii(11.17), and Fraxinus rhynchophylla(10.41). Q. variabilis(73.34) was the highest in Chilgabsan Provincial Park and followed by, P. densiflora(58.71), Q. mongolica(57.02), C. laxiflora(18.84), Q. serrata(13.48), and Prunus sargentii(13.31). The importance value of Q. mongolica(57.03) was the highest in Daedunsan Provincial Park and followed by Q. variabilis(31.98), Q. serrata(31.53), P. densiflora(16.80), C. tschonoskii(16.50), C. laxiflora(16.07), S. obassia(15.76), and Acer pseudosieboldianum(10.09). The results of DBH analysis of the major species having the high importance value showed the normal density distirbution of Q. mongolica, and Q. variabilis in Deogsan Provincial Park, so the dominance status of these species is likely to continue. Q. variabilis, Q. mongolica, and P. densiflora in Chilgabsan Provincial Park showed the normal density distribution showed the density of normal distribution, so the dominance status of these species is likely to continue. However, the dominance status of C. laxiflora, and Q. serrata is likely to be expanded in the future due to the high density of young individuals. Q. mongolica, and Q. variabilis in Daedunsan Provincial Park showed the density of reverse J-shaped curve, so the dominance status of these species is likely to continue, and C. tschonoskii, and P. densiflora had a formality distribution, suggesting continuous domination of these species over the other species for the time being. Additionally the dominance status of C. laxiflora, and Q. serrata is considered to be expanded in the future due to the high density level of young individuals.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1551-1559
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• 2013

This study was conducted to compare benthic macroinvertebrate communities of urban stream and nature stream in Daegu-si, Gyeongju-si, Gyeongsan-si, Andong-si, and Cheongsong-gun. The survey was carried out with 12 points in total six points for urban stream, six points for nature stream from Sept. 2011 to July 2012. In the urban stream were 33 species belonged to 24 families, 11 orders, 7 classes and 4 phyla while in the nature stream were 73 species belonged to 38 families, 12 orders, 5 classes and 4 phyla. In general, species diversity indices and species richness indices appeared low in urban stream but dominance indices was high. Functional feeding groups and Habitat Oriented Groups appeared comparatively simple in urban stream rather than nature stream. As a result of analysis of community stability, species included to area I and area III equally appeared in nature stream while species included to area I mostly appeared in urban stream. An analysis of the correlation between the population density and the number of species, the population number and biological indicators such as DI, H', RI, and ESB revealed that there was a significant correlativity with the diversity index and a very high correlativity with the number of species, abundance index and the ESB. On the other hand, the population number and the dominance index did not reveal any correlativity. For indicator species, Hydroptila KUa, Physa acuta appeared in urban stream while Paraleptophlebia chocolata, Epeorus pellucidus appeared in nature stream.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.1337-1353
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• 2010

This study intended to investigate environmental factors including soil and vegetation in order to understand the environmental and ecological characteristics of 12 different habitats of Iris odaesanensis. These habitats, according to investigations, are mostly located at elevation of 280 m to 1,555 m with angles of inclination ranging from 2 degree to 30 degrees. A total of 273 vascular plants are identified in 23 quadrates of 12 habitats. Dominant species of woody plants in 12 habitats are represented as Quercus mongolica in the tree layer (T1) and the subtree (T2) layer, and Lespedeza maximowiczii, Lindera obtusiloba, Rhododendron schlippenbachii in the shrub (S) layer. The importance value of Iris odaesanensis is 9.65%, as regards the herbaceous layer, and 6 highly ranked species such as Carex siderosticta (3.92%), Meehania urticifolia (2.67%), Spodiopogon cotulifer (2.58%), Aconitum pseudolaeve (2.51%), Carex bostrychostigma (2.28%) and Disporum smilacinum (2.09%) are considered to be an affinity with Iris odaesanensis in their habitats. The degree of their average species diversity is 1.32, and that of dominance and evenness are 0.08 and 0.89, respectively. The type of soil is sandy loam and loam, and the average field capacity of soil is 28.31%. Their average organic matter is 16.71%, soil pH 5.29, and available phosphorus is 9.29%. Correlation coefficients analysis based on environmental factors, vegetation and soil analysis shows that the coverage of Iris odaesanensis is correlated with pH and dominance, and species richness is positive related with species diversity.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.26-31
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• 2000

This study was carried out to obtain the basic information for breeding cold-tolerant rice varieties with high yield-productivity through wide crosses between indica and japonica rice. Genetic analysis was conducted using 55 F$_1$s obtained from half-diallel crosses among eleven cultivars of various origin including indica and japonica rice. Screening for cold tolerance was done with cold-water irrigation after transplanting until ripening stage. Both general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects were highly significant in all characters associated with dry matter accumulation at 30 and 50days after cold-water irrigation (DAC). The variance of GCA was much larger than that of SCA in plant height, shoot dry weight per plant (DWP), crop growth rate (CGR) and cold-water response index (CRI) of these characters except CRI of shoot dry weight per plant. The DWP, CGR and CRI of these characters of Gaochan 102, Tong88-7 and TR22183 were markedly higher than those of the others. GCA effects of these varieties on DWP, CGR and their CRI were also higher than those of the others, indicating that they are useful as promising parents for breeding cold-tolerant varieties. Analysis of genetic parameters for 11$\times$11 half-diallel F$_1$s revealed that inter-locus gene interaction were concerned in the expression of plant height at 50 DAC, CRI of DWP at 50 DAC, and CRI of CGR, and that intra-locus gene interaction for plant height and the other characters were partial dominance and over-dominance, respectively. Narrow-sense heritability (h$^2$$_{N}$) was the highest in plant height as 0.729, and the lowest in CRI of DWP at 30 DAC as 0.048, suggesting that selection for cold tolerance will be quite effective in case that the selection criterion is the performance itself.f.