• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.317-324
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• 2003

The present study were performed to analysis the hematocrit and the red blood cells content into the blood plasma of the transgenic pigs harboring recombinent human erythropoietin gene (rhEPO). Mouse whey acidic protein (mWAP) linked to rhEPO gene was microinjected into pronuclei of porcine one-cell zygotes. After delivered of offspring, PCR analyses identified one mWAP-rhEPO transgenic founder offspring(F$_{0}$). The first generation of transgenic pig (F$_{0}$) harboring mWAP-hEPO appeared to be a male, and the second generation (F$_1$) pigs were made by natural mating of F$_{0}$ with domestic swine, and male and female transgenic pigs (F$_1$) were identified by PCR. The blood samples from transgenic and normal pigs were collected for 50 days during lactation and were counted the red blood cell (RBC) numbers and Hematocrit (HCT) content into the blood. The transgenic pigs expressing rhEPO in their blood gave rise to higher RBC numbers and HCT contents than control animals. rhEPO was secreted both in the blood and milk of genetically engineered pigs harboring rhEPO gene. Therefore, this study provides a model regarding the production of transgenic pig carrying hEPO transgene for biomedical research.earch.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.383-397
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• 2012

The incidence of zoonoses in Korea has recently increased. But the study for high risk group such as pig farmers to zoonoses has not been conducted in Korea. Thus we reviewed the articles in order to obtain basic data for zoonoses among pig farmers, especially in rural communities. Pigs are one of the most important domestic livestock in Korea not only from economic standpoint but also from standpoint of food. Pigs also represent a potential reservoir for many novel pathogens, therefore may transmit these to humans via direct contact, vectors such as mosquitos, or contaminated meat. The zoonoses associated with pigs can be classified into bacterial pathogen, viruses and so on. Bacterial zoonoses include brucellosis, leptospirosis, listeriosis, enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli infection, pasteurellosis, salmonellosis, yersiniosis, tuberculosis, anthrax, necrobacillosis, swine erysipelas, erysipeloid, melioidosis, Streptococcus suis infection, Clostrium difficile infection, and campylobactor infection. Viral zoonoses consist of Japanese encephalitis, swine influenza, Nipah virus, Reston ebolavirus, and hepatitis E virus infection. Other type of zoonoses include actinomycosis, toxoplasmosis and Taenia solium infection. These zoonoses were important in Korean health policy but lately they have been overlooked. For effective health policy, we need to study zoonoses associated with pigs, and clinicians and veterinarians must care deeply about these zoonoses.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.620-625
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• 2005

Correlation of microsatellite heterozygosity with performance or heterosis was reported in wild animal populations and domestic animal populations, but the correlation with heterosis in a crossbreeding F$_1$ pig population remained uncertain. To explore this, we had random selected and mated Yorkshire${\times}$Meishan (F, n = 82) and their reciprocal (G, n = 47) to F$_1$, and used the two straightbreds as control groups (Yorkshire = 34, Meishan = 55), and observed the heterosis of birth weight (BWT), average daily gain (ADG) and feed and meat ratio (FMR). Two Kinds of measurement-individual heterozygosity (IH) and individual mean d$^2$ (lg value, ID) were used as index of heterozygosity and variance from 39 microsatellite marker loci to perform univariate regression analysis against heterosis. We detected significant correlation of IH with BWT in all of F$_1$ (F+G) and in F. We observed significant correlation of ID with ADG in all of F$_1$ (F+G), and with FMR in all of F$_1$ (F+G) and in F. There was significant maternal effect on heterosis, which was indicated by significant difference of means and distribution of heterosis between F and G. This difference was consistent with distributions of IH and ID, and with difference of means in F and G. From this study, it would be suggested that the two kinds of genetic index could be used to explore the genetic basis of heterosis in crossbreeding populations but could not determine which is better.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.1268-1275
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• 2010

Post-weaning diarrhoea (PWD) and oedema disease (ED) caused by E. coli F18 always result in economic losses to pig producers, and no effective methods of controlling PWD and ED are presently available. FUT1 has been identified as a candidate gene controlling the expression of E. coli F18 receptor. This study examined the correlation between F18ab and F18ac adhesion phenotypes and the polymorphism at position M307 of the FUT1 gene in three pig breeds (231 Large White, 107 Landrace and 109 Songliao Black). The results showed: i) Both the susceptible genotypes (GG and GA) and the adhesion phenotypes (adhesive or weekly adhesive) were dominant in all three breeds with frequencies over 95%. ii) Three adhesion patterns of the two F18 variants F18ab and F18ac, i.e., ($ab^+$, $ac^+$), ($ab^+$, $ac^-$) and ($ab^-$, $ac^-$), were found in all three breeds, and there was no significant difference in the distribution of adhesion phenotypes of the two variants (separately or jointly) among the three breeds (p>0.05). iii) The FUT1 M307 genotypes were completely associated with the F18ab adhesion phenotypes and very strongly associated with the F18ac adhesion phenotypes. All individuals of genotype AA were non-adhesive to both F18ab and F18ac. All individuals of genotype GG or GA were adhesive to F18ab, whereas 11% of them were non-adhesive to F18ac. These results suggest that the polymorphism at FUT1 M307 can be used for marker-assisted selection of PWD and ED resistant pigs.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.135-144
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• 2018

The domestic pigsty environment is highly vulnerable to the spread of respiratory diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease because of the small space. In order to manage this issue, a variety of studies have been conducted to automatically analyze behavior of individual pigs in a pig pen through a video surveillance system using a camera. Even though it is required to correctly segment touching pigs for tracking each pig in complex situations such as aggressive behavior, detecting the correct boundaries among touching pigs using Kinect's depth information of lower accuracy is a challenging issue. In this paper, we propose a segmentation method using motion information of the touching pigs. In addition, our proposed method can be applied for detecting tracking errors in case of tracking individual pigs in the complex environment. In the experimental results, we confirmed that the touching pigs in a pig farm were separated with the accuracy of 86%, and also confirmed that the tracking errors were detected accurately.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.177-186
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• 2005

Xenotransplantation may help to overcome the critical shortage of human tissues and organs for human transplantation, Swine represents an ideal source of such organs owing to their anatomical and physiological similarities to human besides their plentiful supply, However, the use of organs across the species barrier may be associated with the risk of transmission of pathogens, specially porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs).• Although most of these potential pathogens could be eliminated by pathogen-free breeding, PERVs are not eliminated by this treatment. PERVs are integrated into the genome of all pigs and produced by normal pig cells and infect human cells. They belong to gamma retroviruses and are of three classes viruses: A, B and C. In the present study, PCR based cloning was performed with chromosomal DNA extracted from pigs from domestic pigs in Korea. Amplified PCR fragments of about 1.5 Kb, covering the partial env gene, were cloned into pCR2.l-TOPO vectors and sequenced. A total of 91 env clones were obtained from domestic pigs, Berkshire, Duroc, Landrace and Yorkshire in Korea. Phylogenetic analysis of these genes revealed the presence of only PERV class A and B in the proportion of 58 % and 42 %, respectively. Among these, 28 clones had the correct open reading frame: 18 clones in class A and 10 clones in class B. Since both these PERV classes are polytropic and have the capacity to infect human cells, our data suggest that proviral PERVs have the potential to generate infectious viruses during or after xenotransplantation in human.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.226-231
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• 2010

We aimed at the monitoring medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) residue amount in meats and confirmed the safety of its residue in meats. Optimized condition for analytical and instrumental methods was obtained by method validation. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were validated at 1.5 and 5.0 ug/kg, respectively. The calibration curve showed good linearity ($r^2$ = 0.9968) within the concentration range of 5.0~50.0 ug/kg. We selected progesterone-d9 for internal standard, The recoveries in fortified meat ranged from 67.5 to 109.56% at the 3 spiking levels. As the regulation of MPA analysis method used by LC-MS/MS on other products have established. We selected 3 species of farm stock products (cattle, pig, chicken) and purchased at the markets of seven major cities. The total 196 of meat including 46 of domestic beef, 43 of import beef, 60 of domestic pork, 12 of import pork and 35 of domestic chicken. No residue of synthetic growth hormones were detected in cattle, pig and chicken samples tested.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.69-82
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• 2001

The result of studying the pathogenicity of Salmonella typhimurium and S enteritidis isolated from domestic animals in Gyeongbuk province were summarized as follows. In Congo-red binding test, S typhimurium had much more rough types than S enteritidis. In colicin production test, 4 strains of S typhimurium were positive but all of S enteritidis were negative. In hemolysin production test, all of S typhimurium and S enteritidis were negative. In Guinea pig serum resistant test, all of S typhimurium and S enteritidis were positive. As a result of pathogenicity test to mice, 54.4% of mice were died. Therefore, S typhimurium and S enteritidis were considered as highly pathogenic. S typhimurium DT104 and S enteritidis PT4 were more pathogenic to mice than other phage types of same serovar. S typhimurium and S enteritidis were considered not so pathogenic for 6-day-old chickens. The recovery rates of Salmonella stains from mice and chickens inoculated were 96.8%, and 54%, respectively. In chickens, proportional to the time from 2 weeks after challenge inoculation, the recovery rates were noticeably decreased.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.216-222
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• 1994

This study was conducted to obtain practical information on the efficient drying of animal manure under the sunny dry condition. The effects of the height of manure pile (5, 10, 15, and 20cm), stirring times (0, 1, 2, and 4 times/day), the addition of dried manure (30%, w/w), and the type of drying bed on the removal of water from fresh pig manure were investigated in a plastic house. Pig manure was dried very well by lowering the height of manure pile and the drying efficiency was the highest at 10cm height. Water evaporation rate was the greatest at the twice stirring per day treatment. The addition of dried manure as bulking material enhanced the water evaporation rate of wet pig manure. The amounts of water removed for 19 days under the condition of 10cm height of manure pile and twice-stirring in spring, summer, autumn and winter were 75.6, 73.3, 54.6 and $32.6kg/1.2m^2$, respectively.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.51-58
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• 1989

In order to estimate unit loading factors of N, and P for controlling eutrophication of Youngsan lake. This study was performed in 4 kinds of pollutant sources from domestic sewage, industrial waste water, livestock stall waste water and drainage of agricultural area during the period from april to october 1988. These results were as follows: 1. The sewage flow for domestic waste water was 191.2 l/capita, day and that of the gray and toilet waste water among the domestic waste water were shown 152.9 l/capita, day(80%) and 38.3 l/capita, day(20%), respectively. 2. The unit loading factor total nitrogen(T-N) for domestic waste water was 7.582g/capita, day, and that of the gray and toilet waste water among the domestic waste water were 1.826g/ capita, day(24.1%) and 5.756g/capita, day(75.9%), respectively. The other hand, the unit loading factors of total phosphorus(T-P) for domestic waste water was 0.925g/capita, day, and that of gray and toilet waste water among the domestic waste water were 0.470g/capita, day(50.8%) and 0.455g/capita, day(49.2%), respectively. 3. In offering Price per million won, the T-P loading factor for drinking manufacture, confectionery manufacture, beer-manufacture and fibre manufacture in the industrial pollutant sources estimate to be 0.350g/day, 0.099g/day, 32.351g/day and 1.536g/day, while T-N loading factor about them in the industrial pollutant sources estimate to be 4.117g/day, 2.414g/day, 106.726g/day and 60.504g/day, respectively. 4. The T-P loading factor according to wash-water of milch cow and pig were 6.735g/day and 18.526g/day, in case of T-N they were 42.397g/day and 27.226g/day, respectively. 5. The T-P loading factor for pollutants drainage in the Paddy fields, fields and forests area were 0.082g/are, day, 0.014g/are, day and 0.002g/are, day, and the T-N loading factor were 0.309g/are, day, 0.158g/are, day and 0.064g/are, day, respectively. The diffrent of the loading factor for pollutants discharges in the agricultural area were resulted from the rainful intensity, the rainful, the amount of fertilization manure, and etc.