• Strategy21
• /
• 통권31호
• /
• pp.164-189
• /
• 2013

Last December, the Abe government came back, and it is critical core of Northeast Asia. They visited to Yasukuni Shrine, denied to Korea's invasion and they are denying all of their invasion history. I'm afraid they want to take Dokdo. Dokdo is Korean territory, but Japan politics assert it belongs to them. To make matters worse, they are waiting an opportunity to invade. Ministry of Foreign Affair blue paper and Ministry of Defense white paper have claimed Dokdo as Japanese territory, and many right wing politicians are taking part in the Cabinet. Liberal Democratic Party of Japan is becoming more right wing politicians than before by Japan Restoration Party, and the others also have more right wing ideologies. It can't control Japan right wing political parties. They finally aim to take Dokdo. In this situation, we have to defend Dokdo. Japan must be very important partner for our nation's development. But it is necessary to trust between two countries. Dokdo is effective controlled by Korea. It is the best way how to keep Dokdo. During Dokdo is effective controlled by Korea, the Japanese Government has limited Dokdo's ownership. Now we don't have any way to keep Dokdo except more effective control. We have strategies about Japanese claim of Dokdo's ownership as follows. First, we can overpower Japan right wing politics as Japan conscientious force's ideology. Second, Japan politics say to Dokdo's ownership is based on The San Francisco Treaty. But it is not right. Third, we have to exchange a lot of local government and civic society in Japan. Finally, we must prepare thoroughly to bring the matter to the International Court of Justice.

• 한국지역지리학회지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.282-300
• /
• 2013

본 연구는 최근에 독도의 한일 간 영유권 논쟁이 심화된 것은 1953년부터 한국이 실효적 지배를 하는 독도에 대한 우리 정부의 영유권 행사와 강화에 직결된 독도개발정책 추진의 잘못에서도 그 원인이 있다고 보았다. 이러한 내부적 시각에서 1950년대 이후 2012년 7월 말까지의 정부의 독도개발정책을 성찰적으로 검토해 보고, 그간의 독도 개발정책과 우리 사회에서 제안된 상이한 개발방향에 대한 문제점의 논의를 바탕으로 미래의 바람직한 개발 대안을 모색하고 제안해 보고자 하였다. 역대 정부들은 거의 대부분 독도문제가 한일 간 선린외교관계의 형성과 유지에 걸림돌이 되는 것을 원치 않아 독도 영유권 강화에 필수적인 유인도 개발정책추진에 매우 소극적이었다. 오늘날 독도가 국제사회에서 한국의 독도(Dokdo island)로 인정받지 못하고, 대체로 리앙쿠르 암석(Liancourt rocks)으로 표기되고 있는 것은 우리 정부가 독도를 다수 한국인이 거주(정주)할 수 있는 가치 있는 유인도(island)로 적극적으로 개발하지 않았기 때문이기도 하다. 따라서 본 연구는 UN이 채택하고 있는 지속가능한 개발론 관점에서 독도의 미래 개발 대안으로서, 생태어업, 생태관광 및 동해 연구기능을 가진 소규모의 '독도 생태마을' 조성을 제안하였다. 독도 생태마을 안이 미래에 독도에 대한 우리의 영토주권과 실효적 지배를 강화하기 위한 새로운 독도개발정책의 논의와 수립에 실마리가 되었으면 한다.

• Strategy21
• /
• 통권32호
• /
• pp.97-122
• /
• 2013

The basic stance of the Republic of Korea Ministry of Foreign Affairs was 'quiet diplomacy'. However, there had been demands for specific plans for practical protection of Dokdo. In 2011, Prime Minister Kim Hwang Sik mentioned that they are reviewing measures of stationing marines on Dokdo, while on August 10th, 2012, former president Lee Myung Bak visited Dokdo. The visit itself was meaningful as he was the first supreme commander to visit Dokdo. This paper studies on the necessity of naval power on Dokdo to maintain its effective control. The effective control must be done by a national organization in a peaceful and unimpaired method. If so, can stationing naval power, whether directly or indirectly, on Dokdo be considered a violation of 'peaceful' method? A 'peaceful' effective of control meas the right of sovereignty over a territory without other country's protest. In such terms, protecting a territory falls under practicing the right of sovereignty, and therefore does not violate 'peaceful'. In addition, looking at international cases such as Ligitan/Sipadan Case and Pedra Blanca Case, evidences such as 'navy activity', 'flyng ensign', and 'military communication facility installation' was used. In ter case of Yemen-Eritrea dispute over Hanish, methods on effective control over island and sea was also ruled by the installation of military posts and military surveillance activities. Thus, stationing naval power on Dokdo can be a way of maintaining effective control per international law. To station naval poer on Dokdo, Presidential Instruction 24 integrated Defense Guideline Enforcement Ordinance, which is domestic law, must be revised. Reason being, the Enforcement Ordinance states that the navy area of responsibility excluded Ullundo, where Dokdo is under jurisdiction of Ullungdim thus excluding navy control. In addition, considering the diplomatic situation, it is more fut to install navy radar site on Dokdo rather than 'stationing marines'. In other words, enforcing surveillance in the vicinity of Dokdo and installing radar site instead of stationing direct combatants is one way of practicing effective control without stimulating diplomatic disputes.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.369-389
• /
• 2002

CTD data taken in the Ulleung Basin between 1996 and 2001 are analyzed to understand the hydrography around Dokdo. Major features occurring in the Ulleung Basin such as the path variability of the East Korean Warm Current (EKWC), the location and size of the Ulleung Warm Eddy (UWE) and the position of the Offshore Branch along the Japanese coast all influence the hydrography around Dokdo. The Dokdo area frequently lies in the eastern part of the meandering EKWC and the UWE that results in a filting of isolines sloping upwards to Dokdo in the Ulleung Interplain Gap (UIG) between Ulleungdo and Dokdo. Subsurface water near Dokdo then becomes colder and less saline than water near Ulleungdo. Two cases that are opposite to this general trend are also identified when the Dokdo area is directly affected by the EKWC and by a small scale eddy ffd by the Offshore Branch. High salinity cores and warm waters are then found near Dokdo with isolines sloping upwards to Ulleungdo. Freshening of the East Sea Intermediate Water was observed in the UIG when neither the EKWC nor the UWE was developed in the Ulleung Basin during June-November 2000.

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.17-24
• /
• 2012

Objective : For the purpose of investigating the herbal resources of Dokdo island, this study was designed. Method : For the first time, we searched the native plants of Dokdo island from research data. And we examined herbological books on the plants of Dokdo island. Result : The native herbaceous plants in Dokdo island were 27 family and 73 species, and the medicinal plants were 49 species among them. The woody plants in Dokdo island were 12 family and 13 species, and the medicinal plants were 10 species among them. The main medicinal parts of medicinal plants were the whole body of herbs, roots, and seeds in order. The herbal medicines with cold or cool nature were 45 species, they took the top nature of the herbal medicines. According to the properties and principal action of native herbal medicines in Dokdo island, the major parts were classified into drugs for clearing away heat, eliminating toxin, activating blood flow and removing blood stasis, urination, removing heat from the blood and stopping of bleeding. The number of native herbal medicines with small toxicity in Dokdo island were 7 species. Conclusion : For the purpose of preserving the native plants of Dokdo island, we should recognize not only medical benefits but also matters that demand special attention.

• Strategy21
• /
• 통권38호
• /
• pp.13-46
• /
• 2015

Dokdo issue reaches beyond economic and security interest to Koreans, as it is regarded as symbol of her independence. Albeit the fact that Japan has merely no legitimate title over Dokdo, Japan has been tenaciously insisting their jurisdiction over Dokdo since the independence of Korea. Under such circumstances, public outrage towards Japan is most certainly understandable. Yet, mere outrage itself, lacking in logic and factual grounds, can contribute little if not any, to the desirable solution of the problem. Precedents reveal that dealing maritime issues amid lack of profound understanding in international law has often led to undesirable results, such as the inclusion of Dokdo in the Joint Management Fisheries Zone in 1999 Korea-Japan Fisheries Agreement. In a sense, adroit use of international law is a critical element in preserving Korea's sovereign rights against persistent Japanese plans to rob Dokdo once again. The Dokdo issue is inextricably bound to international law; the legal status of Dokdo as island, the equitable solution of maritime boundary delimitation and effective control, existence of dispute. Yet, the public policies and arguments made by pundits are generally in lack of understanding in international law. It is now the time for Korea to commence on long-term cross-academia / department plans to establish Dokdo strategy as part of the nationwide maritime strategy effectively using international law as its stronghold.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.59-62
• /
• 2002

Dokdo, which is located in the middle of the East Sea, is a small island tilth a total area of 0.186 $\textrm{km}^2$. However, this small island, with its mild oceanic climate, has rich bio-resources and picturesque natural surroundings. Dokdo in the crystaline waters and In the central area of the deep sea is a treasury of algaes (sea oak, sea mustard, gulf weed, laver, agar-agar, etc.), molluscs (squid, ear shell, conch, etc.) and fishes (Alaska pollack, anchovy, saucy, herring, etc.). On the other hand, there are a lot of grasses and various kinds of grasses on the land of Dokdo. And a lot of back-tailed gulls (about 20,000 Individuals) live on this island. There have been disputes on the sovereignty over Dokdo between Korea and Japan. Japan has claimed sovereignty over Dokdo since Japan incorporated the island into Japanese territory in 1905 when it occupied the Korean Peninsula by force. Korea governed Dokdo not only before 1905 but also after its liberation in 1945. The Korean government, while heavily financing building facilities like pleas and quays, is endeavoring to preserve the natural surroundings of this island.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.483-490
• /
• 2002

Detailed investigations on both submarine and subaerial volcaniclastic deposits around Dokdo were carried out to identify geomorphologic characteristics, stratigraphy, and associated depositional processes of Dokdo caldera. Dokdo volcano has a gently sloping summit (about 11km in diameter) and relatively steep slope (basal diameter is about 20-25 km) rising above sea level at about 2,270m. We found ragged, elliptical-form of Dokdo caldera with a diameter of about 2km estimated by Chirp (3-11 kHz) sub-bottom profile data and side scan sonar data for the central summit area of Dokdo volcano. We interpreted that the volcaniclastic deposits of Dokdo unconformably consist of the Seodo (west islet) and the Dongdo(east islet) formations based on internal structure, constituent mineral composition, and bedding morphology. The Seodo Formation mainly consisted of massive or inversely graded trachytic breccias (Unit S-I), overlain by fine-grained tuff (Unit S-II), which is probably supplied by mass-wasting processes resulting from Dokdo caldera collapse. The Dongdo Formation consists of alternated units of stratified lapilli tuff and inversely graded basaltic breccia (Unit D-I, Unit D-III, and Unit D-V), and massive to undulatory-bedded basaltic tuff breccias (Unit D-II and Unit D-IV) formed by a repetitive pyroclastic surge and reworking processes. Although, two islets of Dokdo are geographically near each other, they have different formations reflecting their different depositional processes and eruptive stages.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제44권2호
• /
• pp.187-193
• /
• 2011

농촌진흥청에서는 농경지뿐 만 아니라 우리나라 전국토에 대한 토양조사를 수행하였으며 (1964-1999) 일부 도서지역이라든가 민통선 해제지역 등의 토양조사를 계속적으로 수행하여 왔다 (2000-현재). 그 일환으로 독도에 대한 토양조사를 수행하였으며 아울러 이와 유사한 토양들을 울릉도에서도 발견할 수 있었다. 서도의 대한봉 남쪽 20 m 지점 (경도 $131^{\circ}$51'53", 위도 $37^{\circ}$14'35")에서 대표단면을 선정하였다. 조사지역은 주로 조면안산암 유래 토양으로 이외에도 조면암, 유문암, 응회암등이 혼재하고 있다. 기존 분류되어 있는 토양과 달라 고유의 토양명을 부여할 필요가 있다고 판단되어 토양은 "독도통"으로 명명하였다. 토심이 매우 얕아 대체적으로 0-20 cm 정도였으며, A층은 농암갈색 (10YR 2/2)의 바위가 있는 사양토이고 AC층은 암갈색 (7.5YR 3/2)의 자갈이 있는 미사질양토로 되어 있다. 독도의 토양은 울릉도 지역과 동일하게 mesic 토양온도상을 보유한다고 하여, Dokdo, coarse loamy, mesic family of Lithic Udorthents로 분류할 수 있었다. 독도는 총면적이 18.7 ha이며 동도는 7.3 ha, 서도는 8.9 ha 및 부속도서가 2.6 ha이다. 이 중 조사된 "독도통"의 면적은 동도 4.13 ha, 서도 6.34 ha, 울릉도 808.56 ha로 새로운 토양으로 설정하기에 충분한 면적을 가지고 있다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.245-251
• /
• 2001

Dokdo is a volcanic island, and its formative geological age took place at the end of the Pliocene Epoch. Dokdo is located at 131。 52′33" East longitude, and 37$^{\circ}$ 14′18" North latitude, and is consituted of 87 islands. The total area of Dokdo is 0.186 $\textrm{km}^2$ and the length of its coastline is 4 km. Ookdo is a treasury of fish resources where many varieties of fish including squid and Alaska pollack live in abundance of greatest importance. Dokdo is a forward fishery base. Ullung island is located at 37$^{\circ}$ 27′~37$^{\circ}$ 33′North latitude and 130$^{\circ}$ 47′~130$^{\circ}$ 56′East longitude. The area of Ullung is 72.92 $\textrm{km}^2$ and the length of its seashore is 44.21 $\textrm{km}^2$. The total marine product of Ullungdo(1995) is 9,066 tons (M/T). The largest is squid, 8,900 tons. For the sea area of the depths near the Ullungdo, coast, that of 50m or less is 2,477 ha, and that of 50- 100m is 1,471ha. This fact tells us that there is no extensive area of a very shallow sea, and that it is directly connected to the deep sea. Ullungdo is a treasury of marine bioresources with rich and varied fishes including squid and Alaska Pollack and many others. Presently there is a sovereignty dispute over Dokdo between Korea and Japan. Since A.D.512, Dokdo has been a part of territory of Korea. Dokdo is a part of Kyungsang-Bukdo, Ullung-gun, Ullung-up, Do-dong in the Korean administrative district division system. Japan strenuously claims sovereignty for significant economic reasons, including fishery rights, and has adhered to a contradictory position that "Dokdo is Japanese land" since Japan incorporated Dokdo into Japanese territory in 1905.ritory in 1905.