• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.76
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• pp.103-123
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• 2017

If additional condition in letter of credit is used in malicious way, it affects the international trade transaction in jeopardy. Therefore, it's significant to identify whether additional conditions are malicious or ordinary in the transaction with letter of credit. In normal cases, thanks to lots of useful features as an international payment method, such as security of payment, legal protection, and versatility, a letter of credit is widely used in international trade. However, even with these advantageous features, a letter of credit is complicate and costly to use, compared to other payment methods. Furthermore, due to its principle of independence from underlying contract, a use of letter of credit creates another type of concern for proper handling and needs significant caution upon field use. At some points, malicious additional conditions are used for buyer's advantage in deal making and fraud instance in worst situation. In addition, some countries request malicious conditions against sellers as a non-tariff barrier. Therefore it's extremely important to recognize whether malicious additional condition exists in letter of credit and, if so, how to deal with it. This study delivers the information to distinguish and categorize the malicious conditions in various cases and to figure out how to deal with them for safer trade with less risk.

• Archives of design research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.35-45
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• 2001

The origin of Minivan styled RV dates all the way back to the year 1959 when Volkswagen introduced the Microbus in Germany. But the new category of "Minivan" was made, and first used by Chrysler. This was when Chrysler revealed a new vehicle in 1982 named "Minivan". Minivan was successful in gathering the public attention with it′s multi-purpose characteristic. Ever since, many models were introduced in this category by various auto-makers around the world, which made the Minivan segment very competitive. Various Minivans were also introduced by the Korean auto-makers and these models have been finding their place rapidly in the market owing to their unique characteristics. But the reason for the growth of the Minivan category in Korea was quite different from that of other nations. Through out this thesis, the possibilities of a Minivan that can full fill the needs of a new life style of a family in the basis of various documentary records will be discussed. Ways of making roads, where bigger sized Minivans are continuously increasing, more efficient will also be considered. The main topic of this thesis will be about Minivan styled RV(Recreational vehicle) in relation to the change of Korean life style.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.51-66
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• 2006

This study was attempted to analyze risk factors and suggest accident prevention in live line works for power transmission lines to be developed and applied in Korea. Safety problem cannot but occur at development of live line works and application to the field. With respect to this, problems likely to occur in the field among works adopting methods of works including live line works for power transmission lines were investigated and analyzed through documentary survey and risk assessment method. The results are summarized as follows. A risk assessment method model was suggested. This method enables scientific and systematic development of safety control. That is, the owner may autonomously induce safety control and build risk assessment database by work process to use them as best training data for workers. Also, in the field, it may induce all workers to participate in safety program and secure safety by making workers seek for safety working method under smooth flow from looking at risk factors to accident prevention activities. It is deemed that this humble study will prevent both accident and injury likely to occur in live line works for power transmission lines.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.195-218
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• 2009

The results of documentary survey of 81 prescriptions of Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang and Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang blended ones introduced in Dongeuibogam in which there are 42 of prescriptions using Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang as main constituent and 39 of prescriptions using Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang as assistant constituent can be summarized as followings, 1. Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang blended prescriptions using Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang as main constituent are applied to 20 categories of disease such as 7 of external disease from the chapters of various dermatos is, various injury, tumor(16.6%), 5 of fire disease from the chapter of fire(12%), 5 of eye diseases from the chapter of eye(12%), 4 of disease originated from damage by coldness from the chapter of coldness(9%), etc. 2, It has been found that mainly considered causative agents in diseases, when making up Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang blended prescriptions using Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang as main constituent, are feverish toxin in internal organs, followed by exogenous damp and fever, feverish toxin from damage by coldness and more such as extravasated blood, damp toxin, lack of ki and blood, lack of yin, congestion, the seven passions, blood overflow and excess liquor and sex.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.95-119
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• 2020

Securing a stable supply chain is becoming a significant concern among countries as the global uncertainty rises with the expansion of global protectionism and the result of what the COVID-19 pandemic has brought around the world. This study has investigated dispute cases between customs authority and trade corporations based on the KOREA-ASEAN FTA and suggested the following implications and improvements: Firstly, the extent (varieties) of the proof document on cumulation and its form should be stipulated and provided through consultation between customs from each contracting party. Secondly, it ought to be prescribed as an obligation so that producers located in the third country can cooperate in providing documents for certification of origin. The duty to provide such documentary evidence should also be specified when making EX-IM contracts. Lastly, origin verification provisions regarding cases to which cumulation is applied have to be complemented so that the verification period's extension can be applied and approved. One can expect that the abovementioned responses on cumulation will enhance the availability of KOREA-ASEAN FTA.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.159-179
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• 2013

This study traces the evolution of the compilation of foreign relations of the United States series and analyzes its archival issues from its historical development. The study examines the purposes of publishing the compilations of the diplomatic documents, an issue of making a balance between secrecy for national security and accountability of diplomacy, neutrality in compiling historical materials, and methods and principles of the compilation. To analyze these records issues, the study examines the contents and contexts of the compilation, historical evolution of the compilation, and the political and records issues of the compilation in the U.S. political history. The declassification issue for the historical compilation was also examined because the issue was a major obstacle to the timely publication of FRUS.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.42-51
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to develop clothing design for mild dementia patients who display positive action in clothing for the improvement of the quality of life of the dementia patients following the symptoms of patients in accordance with the clinical classification to provide the functional assistance for ordinary living as well as emotional stability and aesthetic functions for the dementia elderly. The method of research is performed for theories through the advanced research and documentary data, and interpreted in functional and aesthetic level on the basis of the result of advance survey related to the characteristics of the mild dementia patients and clothing conduct of elderly with light dementia to select the material, color, decoration and functional design with four pairs for women and two pairs for men. Designs for the total of six have been actually produced by making the map, including the material swatch, color and others. The questionnaire as the measuring tool is used and the assessment category is made for the adaptability of design on each category. On the six clothes that are produced for the mild dementia patients, the statistics package SPSS Ver 12.0 is used for the data analysis on questions 8-10 for the frequency analysis. In overall, the leisure clothing for mild dementia patients developed from this research are generally satisfied, and overall type, material, color, detail and arrangement are generally evaluated highly, and have the assessment of normal or better in the color size and type.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.76
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• pp.77-101
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• 2017

This article provides the definitions of the negotiation of credit, the negotiating bank and the negotiation credit. It further describes a number of legal status of negotiating banks by looking into the legal relations firstly between the beneficiary and the negotiating bank and secondly between the issuing bank and the negotiating bank. This study is in large part based on relevant provisions of UCP 600 and decisions of the Supreme court of South Korea. Under UCP 600 the definition of negotiation requires the purchase by the nominated negotiating bank of the required documents by advancing funds on or before the banking day on which reimbursement is due to the negotiating bank. A negotiation credit authorizes the negotiating bank who is a nominated bank to purchase from the beneficiary the documents required by the letter of credit and to present those documents to the issuing bank for reimbursement. If the credit is to be honoured at sight, reimbursement is due when the issuing bank determines that there has been a conforming presentation. Reimbursement under a letter of credit available by acceptance or by deferred payment is due at maturity of the credit. In particular, while the timing of advance by the nominated negotiating bank is up to the parties, a promise of the negotiating bank to advance the purchase price to a fraudulent beneficiary does not confer immunity from letter-of-credit fraud prior to its performance. This requires the negotiating bank who is notified of material fraud prior to making an advance to beneficiary to avoid a loss by using the fraud.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.149-163
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• 2000

The Ministry of Education have had us practice the performance test as a substitute proposal, however, all the more for the idealistic purport, our education front does not have such a sufficient condition as to practice the performance test for many classes and miscellaneous duties and over-populated class, and that practice has been enforced so abruptly without any drastic preparation and has caused much confusion from the beginning of that enforcement. Thus, these problematic concerns are remained as the tasks of the teachers to be solved by themselves in the front of education, and herein I came to do this research. The followings are the conclusions that I got as the results of the research (1) Performance test style should be applied in consideration of the students' achievement level and the gap of the teachers' recognition; descriptive test, portfolio assignment and formative test styles were proper for the students lacking basic study ability. (2) Descriptive test should have its beginning with the question items to which students can write the problem solving procedure logically rather than those to evaluate the creation ability and thinking ability: and putting down specifically the assessment standard could prevent students' confusion and scheme the impartiality of the assessment. (3) Portfolio assignment evaluation should be given with as interesting and suitable amounts as possible so that the students can do by themselves. (4) Utilizing the performance test table enabled easy management of documentary evidence. And it is needless to say that the success of the performance test should have preceding conditions like the teachers' understanding and their positive participation. Therefore, I'd like to give suggestions herein like the followings; (1) The performance test should not always be made into grades, and there is a need to develop the test gradually in the condition that the education surroundings permit by checking time, frequency, ratio and contents of the test while practicing the multiple choice writing test. (2) As long as the performance test has the aims of improving the studying and learning activities, any performance test only for the sake of making numerals with the thought that assessment is the disposal of the grades should be avoided, and the change of the lecturing styles and development of various assessing types and studying materials should be endeavored to confirm with the aims.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2472-2478
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• 2012

This research is aiming to develop Semiconductor equipment maintenance certification course to train qualified maintenance experts more effectively requested in related semiconductor industry. In the course of research, we adopted diverse research technique such as interview, on-spot investigation, documentary references to analyze current status of related training facilities, and forecast the population of test applicants. We analyzed similar certification course(Craftsman SMT, Industrial Engineer SMT, Craftsman Mechatronics, Industrial Enginee Mechatronics, et) as reference to set up job objectives and curriculum of semiconductor equipment maintenance certification. We conducted survey on expectations on newly created certificate, presented evaluation standard and objective of test, and preliminary writing test and demonstration test. Based on the result of various research, we were able to present training program for semiconductor equipment maintenance certification and set the assessment standard of qualification exam.