• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.206-209
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• 2010

Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) meat oil contained high amounts of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) compared to oils extracted from other tissues of the fish. EPA and DHA occupied more than 25% of the total fatty acids in chum salmon meat oil. The main lipid classes in the meat oil were triacylglycerides and phospholipids. The major fatty acids of the molecular species composition of phosphatidylcholine isolated from the meat oil were DHA and EPA. DHA and EPA were the major molecular species in the phosphatidylcholine of chum salmon meat oil, representing 44% and 17%, respectively.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.213-222
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• 1996

The most abundant long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid in brain lipids is docosahexaenoic acid(C22 : 6 N-3, DHA). It is incorporated into nerve tissues mostly in utero and during the first year of life. DHA in brain is derived from either pre-formed DHA in human milk or by infant hepatic synthesis from linolenic acid in milk. This study was designed to investigate the effects of DHA supplementation on fatty acid profiles in maternal plasma lipid and breast milk. Twenty lactating women participated in the study. Seven women took 3g of fish oil per day and vitamin E for 28 days starting from the day of giving birth. Five women consumed 1.5g of fish oil as well as tivamin E, and the rest took vitamin E supplements for the same period of time. Dietary questionnaires and 3 consecutive 24-h recalls were collected to evaluate theri nutritional status and food habits. Finding that DHA intake from fish was not significantly different among three experimental groups, the partcipants were instructed to continue eating their usual home diets. Milk samples were taken on the day of giving birth, as well as the 7th, 14th and 28th day being the supplement phase, and finally 2 weeks after the cessating of DHA supplements. The amounts of the fish oil supplements produced significant dose-dependent increased in the DHA content of milk and plasma, but to a lesser degree. Base-line for 28 days raised the level to 2.05$\pm$0.43% and 1.5g/day supplement produced DHA levels of 1.02$\pm$0.19%. The results of this study indicated that relatively small amount of dietary DHA supplementation significantly elevats DHA content in milk. This would clearly elevate the infant's DHA intake which in turn may have implications for the infant's brain development.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2003년도 생물공학의 동향(XII)
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• pp.145-148
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• 2003

DHA의 산화를 방지하기 위하여 vitamin C/alginate 리포솜에 병합시켰다. TEM을 통하여 제조된 AVDLs를 확인할 수 있었고, TLC를 통하여 각각의 AVDLs는 초기 첨가량의 15 ${\sim}$ 18 % DHA를 함유하고 있음을 확인하였다. TBARS assay에 의해$40^{\circ}C$에서 AVDLs에 포함된 DHA의 산화정도를 분석한 결과 vitamin C를 포함한 리포솜이 DHA의 산화를 억제하는 것으로 확인되었으며 0.2 % vitamin C를 포함한 AVDLs가 항산화 효과가 가장 큼을 알 수 있었다. AVDLs는 실험에서와 같은 산화조건에서 DHA의 산화를 초기 3일까지는 억제시킴을 알 수있었다.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2000년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.291-294
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• 2000

Thraustochytrium aureum ATCC 34034를 인공 해수 배지에서 $24^{\circ}C$, 200rpm, 초기 pH 6으로 고정하여 빛을 가하면서 3일간 배양을 한 결과, 최대 건조 균체량은 1.34g/L이었으며, 최대 DHA생산량은 41.4mg/L이었다. 모든 실험에서 탄소원으로 glucose를 5g/L로 고정하였다. YM배지와 YPG배지에서는 Thraustochytrium aureum이 DHA를 생산하지 못하였으며, 이 균주가 해양 미생물이라는 점을 고려해보면, 성장과 DHA생산에 있어서 염분이 중요한 영향을 미친다고 생각된다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.55-61
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• 1990

To investigate the influence of saturated fats, ${\alpha}-linolenic$ acid, EPA and DHA on the lipid hydroperoxide concentration and fatty acid composition in liver microsomes and in plasma lipid of rabbits, the animals were fed on the perilla oil rich ${\alpha}-linolenic$ acid or sardine oil rich EPA and DHA diet for four weeks Were examined. The fatty acid composition of plasma lipid and liver microsomes of rabbits fed on the perilla oil diet was an accumulation of arachidonic acid(AA) 20:4 n-6, eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA) 20:5 n-3, and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) 22:6 n-3, The fatty acid composition of plasma lipid and liver microsomes of rabbits fed on the sardine oil was an accumulation of ${\alpha}-linolenic$ acid(LNA) 18:3 n-3, and arachidonic acid(AA) 20:4. The p/s ratio of rabbits fed on the perilla oil diet changed from 7.4 to 2.27 for plasma lipid and 2.47 for liver microsomes. The concentration of lipid hydroperoxide was 3.48 nmol MDA/ml and 4.35 nmol MDA/ml for plasma lipid and liver microsomes, respectively, in perilla oil diet. The lipid hydroperoxide liver was 4.22 nmol MDA/ml and 67 nmol MDA/ml for plasma lipid and liver microsornes in sardine oil diet.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.546-551
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 n-3계 지방산이 풍부하게 함유된 고등어를 기존의 열풍건조기의 단점을 보완하고 높은 온도에서 손실되는 영양소를 막기 위해 저온진공건조기를 도입하여 건조시킨 후, 건조고등어의 섭취에 의한 간 및 신경조직에서의 지방산 조성 변화를 알아보고자 하였다. 간 지방산 조성의 경우, 고등어군의 총 n-6 지방산 함량은 두 군에서 유의적 차이는 없었으나 총 n-3 지방산의 함량은 고등어군에서 대조군보다 증가하였다. N-3 계열 지방산 중에서 특히 DHA의 함량은 대조군에 비해 229% 증가하였다(p<0.05). 대뇌 피질의 지방산 조성의 경우, 고등어군의 총 monounsaturated 지방산은 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 증가하였으나, 총 n-6 지방산의 함량은 감소하였다(p<0.05). 반면 총 n-3 지방산은 대조군에 비해 12%로 증가하였고 그 중에서 22:5n-3와 DHA의 함량은 고등어군에서 대조군보다 증가하였다(p<0.05). 소뇌의 지방산 조성의 경우, 총 지방산 함량과 총 n-6 지방산의 함량이 고등어군에서 대조군보다 감소하였고, 총 n-3 지방산의 함량은 두 군 간에 유의적 차이는 없었으나 n-3계 지방산중 22:5n-3의 함량은 200%로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 망막의 지방산 조성의 경우, 고등어군의 총 n-6 지방산의 함량은 대조군보다 감소하였으나, 총 n-3 지방산의 함량은 유의적 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 반면, n-3계 지방산 중에서 20:5n-3과 22:5n-3이 각각 200%, 67%로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과로부터 n-3 지방산을 많이 함유한 건조 고등어 식이는 간 및 신경조직의 총 n-3 지방산의 함량을 증가시켰고, 특히 간, 대뇌 피질에서의 DHA의 함량을 증가시켰다. 이상의 결과를 토대로 건조 고등어 섭취는 뇌의 DHA 함량을 증가시켰으므로 향후 공간 기억력 테스트를 행하여 고등어 섭취에 의한 뇌 기능 개선 효과와 뇌의 DHA 함량 증가와의 상호 연관성에 대하여 검토할 예정이다.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2000년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.505-508
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• 2000

In order to determine the position and the content of fatty acids attached to glycerides and the migration degree of fatty acids in the migration reaction, hydrolysis of fish oil was carried out with lipolase-100T derived from Aspergillus oryzae. The content of fatty acids in the glyceride mixture was analyzed and compared with that of fish oil. The amounts of fatty acid in 2-position and the migration degree of the fatty acid in 2,3-DG (diglyceride) and 2-MG (monoglyceride) were calculated. The results showed that approximately 95% (w/w) of DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) and 65% of EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) was attached to the 2-position of glycerides in the fish oil. Approximately 87% (w/w) of DHA and 75% of EPA remained in 2,3-DG and 88% of DHA and 65% of EPA in 2-MG were not involved in the migration reaction.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.352-357
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• 2013

This study estimates the classification criteria which distinguishes the types of omega-3 health functional foods, fish oils and fish oil usages through $^{13}C$-NMR spectra and fatty acids contents analysis. The major fatty acids of omega-3, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, $C_{20:5}$) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, $C_{22:6}$) are being analyzed. 10 ethyl ester (EE) forms and 10 triglyceride (TG) forms are the most common types of fish oils for 20 omega-3 products. Gas chromatography (GC) analysis generally shows the matching EPA and DHA contents of the products listed on the notation. But EE form contents of EPA and DHA are higher and are more varied than the TG form. Most of the samples of EPA/DHA ratio show different content ratios of indicated on the products when comparing with standards. The $^{13}C$-NMR analysis of EPA and DHA on sn-1,3 and sn-2 carbonyl peak position with fish oil triglycerides display whether the reconstituted triglycerides (rTG) are being confirmed or not. As a result of the 9 TG form, the 10 TG products showed similar values: EPA sn-1, 3; 13.46~15.66, sn-2; 3.00~4.52, DHA sn-1, 3; 2.43~4.40, sn-2; 3.84~6.36. But one product showed lower contents (EPA: sn-1, 3; 5.88, sn-2; 2.86, DHA sn-1, 3; 2.29, sn-2; 5.95) of EPA, thus it can be considered a different type of oil and only matched six products according to the label. This study is intended to provide basic materials which identify the status for the types and quality of omega-3 fish oil products according to fatty acids profiles and the $^{13}C$-NMR spectrum confirmed the location specificity of EPA and DHA.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.655-660
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• 1999

초임계유체를 사용하여 네 종류의 추출조건에서 EPA가 20%, DHA가 15%인 물고기 기름을 구성하는 지방산에스터의 혼합물에 대하여 네 단계 분할추출실험을 수행하여 분할단계별 extract와 raffinate내의 성분무게조성, 추출되는 양, 누적추출량의 변화특성을 규명하였다. 네 가지 추출조건중 온도 60$^{\circ}C$, 압력 101 bar, 유속 1.0 mL/min, 추출시간 50 min, 추출평형시간 15 min인 경우에 extract와 raffinate내로 DHA와 EPA가 분리 농축되는 경향이 가장 뚜렷하였다. 이 경우 네 번째 단계의 추출에서 extract내로 EPA가 50%까지 농축되었으며 raffinate내로 DHA가 40%까지 농축되었다. 이때 extract내로 추출되는 EPA의 양은 초기 주입양의 34%이였으며, raffinate내로 농축되는 DHA의 양은 초기 주입양의 73%이였다. 동일한 추출조건으로 DHA의 무게 조성이 34%인 혼합물은 네 단계 분할 추출한 경우 최종 단계의 raffinate내에 DHA가 70%이상으로 농축되었으며 그 양은 초기 주입양의 80%이상이었다.

• ALGAE
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.277-292
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• 2020

Omega-3 fatty acids, including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are polyunsaturated fatty acids beneficial to human health. A limited number of microalgae have been used for commercial omega-3 production, which necessitates the identification of new microalgae with high omega-3 contents. We explored the fatty acid composition and EPA and DHA contents of the mixotrophic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium smaydae fed with the optimal algal prey species Heterocapsa rotundata. Cells of G. smaydae were found to be rich in omega-3 fatty acids. In particular, the DHA content of G. smaydae was 21 mg g^-1 dry weight, accounting for 43% of the total fatty acid content. The percentage of DHA in the total fatty acid content of G. smaydae was the highest among the reported microalgae except for Crypthecodinium cohnii. Moreover, to determine if the prey supply interval affected the growth rate of G. smaydae and its fatty acid content, three different prey supply intervals (daily, once every 2 d, and once for 4 d) were tested. Daily prey supply yielded the highest total fatty acid and DHA contents in G. smaydae. Furthermore, we successfully produced high-density G. smaydae cultures semi-continuously for 43 d with daily prey supply. During the semi-continuous cultivation period, the highest density of G. smaydae was 57,000 cells mL^-1, with an average growth rate of 0.7 d^-1. Taken together, the percentage of EPA and DHA in the total fatty acid content was maintained in the range of 54.2-56.9%. The results of this study support G. smaydae as a promising microalgal candidate for commercial DHA production and demonstrate that daily supply of prey can efficiently produce high-density G. smaydae cultures for more than a month.