• 생명과학회지
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.1004-1009
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• 2013

기능성식품 또는 첨가제로의 적용가능성을 확인하기 위하여 6 종 해조류의 생화학적 조성 및 영양학적 가치를 분석하였다. 갈조류(미역, 톳, 다시마), 홍조류(김, 꼬시래기) 및 녹조류(파래) 등 해조류의 생화학적 조성(수분, 회분, 단백질, 지질 및 식이섬유)과 지방산 함량이 분석되었다. 수분함량은 11.47-13.94%, 회분은 19.15-26.50%, 단백질은 5.08-15.44%, 지질은 2.75-4.43% 및 식이섬유는 36.84% to 52.98%로 나타났다. 주요지방산은 C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, C16:1, C18:1n-3, C18:2n-6, C18:3n-6, C20:4n-6 및 C20:5n-3이었다. 흥미롭게도 분석된 해조류에서 docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3, DHA)는 검출되지 않았거나 미량 검출되었다. n-3 지방산 함량은 다른 PUFA에 비해 높았으며, n-6/n-3 비율은 매우 낮았다. 이러한 결과는 우리나라 연안에서 서식하고 있는 해조류가 인간 건강에 유익할 수 있음을 의미한다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.555-568
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• 1992

This study was to compare the effects of dietary n-6 and n-3 fatty acids and fat unsaturation on plasma lipids and chemical composition of VLDL and LDL fraction and lipogenic enzymes activity in rat liver under the conditions providing 1) a similar amount of n-6, n-3 fatty acids(LA, ALA, EPA+DHA) in diets and 2) the various degree of fat unsaturation. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 420g were treated for 6-n with six experimental diets providing 25% of energy as fat and which were different only in fatty acid composition. The fats used for a source of each fatty acid were beet tallow for saturated fatty acid corn oil for n-6 linoleic acid(LA) perilla oil for n-3 $\alpha$-linolenic acid(ALA) and fish oil n-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and n-3 docosahexaenoic acid(DHA). Plasma cholesterol level was increased by corn oil to compare with beef tallow but was decreased by perilla oil or fish oil. Plasma TG level was significantly decreased by perilla oil or fish oil. Fish oil significantly reduced the level of HDL-Chol and the proportion of Chol in LDL fraction and that of TG in vVLDL fraction. Overall there was a singificant negative correlation between the level of each plasma lipid(Chol TG, VLDL-TG, LDL-C) and the degree of fat unsaturation. However this rerlationship is not always true when compared the hypolipidemic effect of each fatty acid at a similar level of fat unsaturation. There was a trend such taht glucose 6-P dehydrogenase 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme activites were reduced by n-3 fatty acids. Perilla oil significantly increased the incorporation of c20:5 and c22:5 into liver tissue and fish oil suignificantly increased the incorporation of c20:5, c22:6 into liver tissue and the effect of long chain n-3 fatty acid incorporation was greater by fish oil. therefore the hypotriglyceridemic effect of n-3 fatty acid could be resulted from the interference of hepatic lipogenesis by long-chain n-3 fatty acids and the reduced proportion of TG in VLDL fraction and its effect was greater by n-3 EPA+DHA than n-3 ALA even though plasma Chol and TG levels were also influenced by the degree of dietary fat unsaturation.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.501-508
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• 2011

Previous studies suggest that polyunsaturated fatty acids with long carbon chains such as eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) have several health benefits. However metabolic consequences of these fatty acids themselves and their regulation of transcriptional activity involving glucose utilization are not well established. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate how EPA influx affects cellular lipid accumulation and gene expressions involving $de$ $novo$ lipogenesis in hepatocyte cultures. Compared to oleic acid treatment, EPA treatment showed remarkably decreased cellular TG conversion and accumulation, along with phospholipids at a lower extent. As expected, EPA increased mRNA expression involving fatty acid influx and lipid droplet formation, but did not affect mRNA expression involving glucose utilization. EPA increased transcriptional activity of PPAR-${\alpha}$ and glucose responsive transcription factor when transcription factor binding protein was activated. Taken together, these data suggest that EPA decreases lipid accumulation through increases of the ${\beta}$-oxidation pathway without interruption of glucose utilization.

• 약학회지
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.264-273
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• 2008

The inhibitory effect of omega-3 such as linolenic acid (LNA), docosahexaenoic acid (DNA) and eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA) on the growth of normal cell lines and cancer cell lines was evaluated by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyItetrazolium bromide (MTT) and 2,3-bis-2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium-5-caboxanilide (XTT) methods. LNA was found to decrease the cell viability of human oral epithelioid carcinoma cells (KB) in the MTT assay, whereas EPA appeared to inhibit the cell adhesion activity of human skin melanoma cells (SK-MEL-3) in the XTT assay analysis. DPPH radical scavenging activity was examined on LNA, DHA and EPA at the concentration of 100 ${\mu}M$, where they showed about 53% scavenging activity. These results suggest that omega-3 unsaturated fatty acid has a potential anticancer activity.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.256-261
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of perilla oil as well as several vegetable oils, including flaxseed oil, canola oil, and rice bran oil on plasma levels of cardioprotective (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids in mice by feeding each vegetable oil for a period of eight weeks. Concentrations of docosapentaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), fish-based (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids, showed an increase in the plasma of mice fed perilla and flaxseed oils compared to those of mice in the control group (P < 0.05), whereas rice bran and canola oils did not alter plasma DPA and EPA concentrations. Arachidonic acid concentration was increased by feeding rice bran oil (P < 0.05), but not canola, flaxseed, or perilla oil. In addition, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid concentrations were altered by feeding dietary rice bran, canola, perilla, and flaxseed oils. Findings of this study showed that perilla oil, similar to flaxseed oil, is cardioprotective and could be used as an alternative to fish oil or even flaxseed oil in animal models.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.139-143
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• 1997

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplemental charcoal(CH) or charcoal extract(CE) on performance and meat quality of broiler chicks for 5 weeks. Basal diets based on corn and soybean meal contained 21% crude protein for the first 3 weeks and 19% for the rest two weeks. Two levels of dietary CH(O, 0.5%) and CE(0, 0.2%) were fed in a factorial design. There were four replicates of 10 chicks each per treatment. An increased growth rate was observed in chicks fed the basal diet supplemented with CE alone. Chicks fed the diet containing both CH and CE tended to depress the growth rate. Dietary supplemental CH and CE improved the feed conversion efficiency compared to the control group, but was not significantly different between them. The abdominal fat(%) of chicks fed CH alone or both CH and CE tended to de-crease without significant difference. The total lipid content of breast meat of chicks fed CE alone showed significant difference among treatments (P

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.701-708
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• 1996

가다랑어 부산물의 식품소재로서의 활용성과 해산어 사료원으로서의 가치를 판단할 목적으로 자숙액, 자숙 혈합육, 해동 된 내장 및 자숙 두부를 시료로 택하여 일반성분, 총아미노산 및 유리아미노산 조성, 지방산 조성과 핵산관련물질의 함량을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 수분의 함량은 자숙액, 내장, 혈합육, 두부의 순으로 낮았으며, 단백질 함량은 혈합육이 $26.6\%$로서 가장 높았다. 그리고 조지방은 가다랭이 두부가 가장 높은 $8.5\%$였으며, 내장과 혈합육은 거의 비슷한 $6.1\%$와 $6.8\%$였다. 2. 자숙액의 총아미노산 중 비교적 많은 아미노산은 glycine, glutamic acid, alanine 그리 고 histidine으로 총아미노산의 $53\%$를 차지하였다. 그리고 혈합육, 내장 및 두부의 중요 아미노산은 glutamic acid, aspartic acid, lysine 그리고 leucine으로서 부위에 따른 차이는 보이지 않았다. 3. 자숙액, 혈합육, 내장 및 두부의 유리아미노산 양은 각각 543.7mg/100mL, 1429.7mg/100g, 5397.5mg/100g, 594.9 mg/100g이었다. 유리아미노산은 부위에 따라 조성이 상이한 것으로 나타났으며, 혈합육과 두부의 중요 아미노산은 taurine, histidine, anseriene 이었다. 한편 내장은 몇가지 아미노산을 제외하고는 비교적 고른 아미노산의 분포를 나타내었다. 특히 혈합육은 다른 시료에 비하여 비교적 많은 histidine, anserine 및 carnosine을 포함하고 있었다. 5. 혈합육, 내장 및 두부의 포화지방산은 $46.21\%,\;43.69\%,\;50.24\%$, 모노엔산은 $18.07\%,\;28.87\%,\;24.58\%$, 폴리엔산은 $35.74\%,\;27.80\%,\;25.14\%$였다. 혈합육의 총지 방산은 DHA, palmitic acid, stearic acid의 순으로 함유 비율이 높았으나, 내장과 두부는 palmitic acid, DHA, oleic acid의 순으로 함유 비율이 높았다. 6. 혈합육, 내장 및 두부에서 ATP는 검출되지 않았으며, inosine과 hypoxanthine의 양이 상대적으로 높았다. 특히 내장의 hypoxanthine의 양은 혈합육의 4배, 두부의 3배에 해당하였다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.6-11
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• 2010

Chub and blue mackerels are popular fish resources in Korea, but little is known about each biochemical characters of different anatomical regions. To investigate biochemical characters of chub and blue mackerels, three ordinary muscle regions were identified by their fin position; namely anterior, median, posterior. In addition, red muscle, as a dark muscle, was obtained from beneath the lateral line to compare with ordinary muscles. Proximate and lipid-class compositions did not show any discernible trends in the different anatomical ordinary muscles from mackerel of the same kind, while significant differences between ordinary and red muscles in the same mackerel, or between chub and blue mackerels, were observed. Red muscles from both mackerels had higher levels in lipids with higher neutral lipid class compared with ordinary muscles. The major difference between chub and blue mackerels was the levels of lipids and neural lipid class, indicating that all muscles from chub mackerel showed higher levels of neural lipids compared with those of blue mackerel (P<0.05). Fatty acid compositions showed that the percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3), in median and posterior was higher compared with anterior muscle from both mackerels. When compared with chub mackerel, blue mackerel showed higher percentage of DHA in all muscle regions. In amino acid analysis, taurine concentration was much higher in the red muscle than in the ordinary muscles. But levels of histamine, glutamic acid, leucine and lysine were higher in the ordinary muscles. Our results indicated that chub mackerel contained more lipids than blue mackerel and that red muscle had higher levels of neural lipid and taurine compared to ordinary muscles.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.30-37
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• 2016

Microalgae are functional foods because they contain special anti-aging inhibitors and other functional components, such as ecosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Many of these functional dietary components are absent in animals and terrestrial plants. Thus, microalgae are widely utilized in human functional foods and in the feed provided to farmed fish and terrestrial livestock. Many marine organisms consume microalgae, often because they are in an appropriate portion of the cell size spectrum, but also because of their nutritional content. The nutritional requirements of marine organisms differ from those of terrestrial animals. After hatching, marine animals need small live forage species that have high omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid contents, including EPA and DHA. Euglena cells have both plant and animal characteristics; they are motile, elliptical in shape, 15-500 μm in diameter, and have a valuable nutritional content. Mixotrophic cell cultivation provided the best growth rates and nutritional content. Diverse carbon (fructose, lactose, glucose, maltose and sucrose) and nitrogen (tryptone, peptone, yeast extract, urea and sodium glutamate) supported the growth of microalgae with high lipid contents. We found that the best carbon and nitrogen sources for the production of high quality Euglena cells were glucose (10 g L^–1) and sodium glutamate (1.0 g L^–1), respectively.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.771-786
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• 2021

This study was performed to investigate the contents of fat-soluble nutrients (tocopherols, retinol, carotenoids, fatty acids, and cholesterol) and phospholipids (PLs) in seven types (imported SPA, SPS, SFS, and SSI; and domestic MLM, MPM, and NIX) of commercial infant formulas (IFs). The contents of tocopherol and retinol activity equivalent (RAE) in the seven IFs were 1.42 - 3.86 mg α-TE·100 kcal^-1 and 64.90 - 144.95 ㎍ RAE·100 kcal^-1, respectively. The imported IFs contained high contents of lutein + zeaxanthin (29.68 - 32.49 ㎍·100 g^-1) and lycopene (71.80 - 93.28 ㎍·100 g^-1), while the domestic IFs did not contain lycopene. The contents of linoleic acid (C18:2) and α-linolenic acid (C18:3) in the seven IFs were also within the recommended ranges (C18:2, 300 - 1,400 mg·100 kcal^-1 and C18:3, over 50 mg·100 kcal^-1) of Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. The ratio of arachidonic acid (ARA, C20:4)/docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6) was 2.42 - 2.74 in the imported IFs and 0.96 - 1.08 in the domestic IFs. However, the DHA content of the domestic IFs (0.37 - 0.65 g·100 g^-1 fat%) was much higher than that of the imported IFs (0.16 - 0.18%). Total PL contents were 108.02 - 135.93 mg·100 kcal^-1 for the domestic IFs and 6.05 - 66.70 mg·100 kcal^-1 for the imported IFs. The main PLs of the domestic IFs were phosphatidyl choline (48.5 - 71.1% of total PLs), phosphatidyl ethanolamine (12.8 - 23.1%), phosphatidyl serine (7.0 - 11.6%), and sphingomyelin (4.3 - 21.5%).