• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.5C
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• pp.627-631
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• 2004

An efficient algorithm for clustering of GPDFs(Gaussian Probability Density Functions) in a speech recognition model is proposed in this paper. The proposed algorithm is based on CNN with the divergence as its distance measure and is applied to a speech recognition. The algorithm is compared with conventional Dk-means(Divergence-based k-means) algorithm in CDHMM(Continuous Density Hidden Markov Model). The results show that it can reduce about 31.3％ of GPDFs over Dk-means algorithm without suffering any recognition performance. When compared with the case that no clustering is employed and full GPDFs are used, the proposed algorithm can save about 61.8％ of GPDFs while preserving the recognition performance.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.263-269
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• 2018

This study aims to investigate the biological activities related to hair loss of short anti-oxidant peptides (DK peptides) $5{\alpha}$-reductase inhibition and anti-oxidation. The series of DK peptides were generated amphipathic helical properties using leucines, lysines and tryptophan residues. Cell viability and free radical scavenging activities were performed using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, respectively. The DK peptides were investigated for inhibitory activity against $5{\alpha}$-reductase. Antioxidant activities were determined by means of, 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. All peptides could inhibit $5{\alpha}$-reductase in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophage. In conclusion, DK peptides was suggested as the most attractive ingredients for improving hair loss, because of the high inhibitory against $5{\alpha}$-reductase inhibition.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.163-173
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• 2012

In this study, the spatial analysis of the multi-housing unit plans was investigated since 1990 for the winners at the architectural competition which was held nationwide in Germany. The investigation was carried out from January in 1990 to December in 2010. 201Unit plans were analyzed. Space syntax model is used as analyzing tool of the Unit plans. The results of the study indicate followings: 1) The interior spaces in 3LDK types and 4LDK types, ordered by high value of integration are; (1) corridor, (2) entrance hall, (3) living room, (4) dining room. 2) The value of integration for the kitchen is higher in L/DK type than in LD/K type, and that for the living room is higher in LD/K type than in L/DK type. The mean value of integration for L/DK type is higher than that for LD/K type. This means that traffic line efficiency of L/DK type is higher than that of LD/K type. 3) The value of integration for corridor and entrance hall is gradually lower in recent years. That is, the type of Unit plans are changing from corridor types to hall types.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.27-34
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• 2012

This study aims to examine and classify plane types of Hanok at Haengbok village, analyze changes, area distribution and space structures of space components and sort plane types and their characteristics. Plane types were divided into four; living room, kitchen, dining room, etc. These plane types were labelled as LK type, L+K type, L+DK type and LDK type. LK type and L+K type were mainly found at single-wing house and made of living room and kitchen centered space structure, but substantially they were designed to ensure guest room, room and living room. Therefore, hanok built at Haengbok village were designed to combine the functions of residential function and lodging. Plane type was preferred to be used for double functions of residence and lodging. On the other side, L+DK type and LDK type were mainly found in house with several wings and they were designed centering around living room for family space. In addition entrance was placed to simplify entry from the outside and each room and guest room were arranged to be accessed from living room. It means that the functions of house focused on residence rather than lodging and all rooms had the structure to be used as residential space in case of emergency.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.984-999
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• 2013

This research examines the interrelation of clothes, colors and sentiments based on clothes and colors that stimulate sentiment. This study provides data that is useful to color therapy by means of clothes as medium. The survey for this study targeted 200 Pusan National University students who analyzed the colors of association and clothes colors for nine positive vocabularies (passion, love, warmth, happiness, interest, softness, comfortable, freshness, and coolness) and six negative vocabularies (anger, fear, despair, nervous, gloomy, and loneliness). The data collection process used 120 standard colors as represented by Munsell's basic 10 colors (R, YR, Y, GY, G, BG, B, PB, P, RP) as chromatic colors classified into eleven tones of colors (V, S, B, P, VP, LGR, GR, L, DL, DP, DK) and achromatic colors divided into ten steps of brightness N1-N10. The results of the research are as follows. First, the warm class of colors were significant in the colors of association with positive sentiment and the cold class of colors were significant in the sentiment of refreshment and coolness. In addition, bright and clear colors (like V, S, VP, P) were associated with color tones. Second, the low bright achromatic colors were generally high for the colors of association with negative sentiment; in addition, the color of R, PB, P (as achromatic colors) were also significant. In addition, sober and dark tones (like GR, DL, DK, DP) were significant in color tones. Third, the interrelation between positive sentiment and clothes colors shows that colors of association were mainly used for upper garment colors. Similar colors against upper garments were used together for bottom garment achromatic colors and complementary colors; therefore, bottom garments play a subsidiary role in the concept of coordination with upper garments.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.3-11
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• 2009

The ratio of old persons among the total population is rapidly increasing and the apartment has become to the representative housing type in Korea. This means that many old persons would live in multi-family houses. Therefore the study was intended to examine the preferred characteristics of interior space organization in multi-family house by the aged. The characteristics were the number and usage of bedroom, necessity and type of dress room, type of living room, arrangement of work centers in kitchen, LDK type, the number and layout of bathroom, and type of entrance and balcony. The subjects were 122 old persons who lived in multi-family houses in Ulsan. The individual interview was carried out for collecting the data. The results were as the followings; The characteristics of interior space organization in multi-family houses preferred by the elderly were three bedroom, two bathroom, DK or LDK type, open planned living room, L shape arrangement of kitchen work center, entrance connected directly to outdoor space such as elevator hall or corridor, and the balcony located in front of living room and at the back of small bedroom. Even thouth the average age of population has increased, many apartments still be planned and provided without consideration of old persons. This study would contribute to plan the multi-family houses for the elderly.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.136-147
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• 2012

This study researched about gender color preference as basic data for color application of fashion shop Facade. A HUE TONE system from V(vivid) to DK(dark) was used based on 10 colors of the IRI-120 color chart, color preference according to gender was investigated through a survey on males and females of over teenage years, and it was analyzed and presented as a color matching chart. And it was suggested as a color guideline through comprehensive analysis. Few definitions can be given through the results of this study. First, the preference degree according to gender was similar but different senses were shown visually even though the same adjective expressive vocabulary of a color image was suggested. This means there is an unchanging basic conservative disposition that males and females do not have and therefore they infer different ideas according to various environments and factors. Second, females showed more sensitive response to colors than males in the gender color preference result, which confirmed the deviation of each color group that is characteristically preferred according to a category. Third, high preferred color matches according to gender were shown for each vocabulary in various senses such as similar color matching, complementary color matching, separation color matching, and accent color matching. A universal empirical theory by general sensibility was obtained as the purpose of this study. This study suggested securement of a color design planning as basic data and the extent of usability by quantitatively showing the order of priority through the survey and analysis. Thus, the results of this study will be a great help as basic data for invigoration and commercialization of a color planning for designers and users.