• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.31-41
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• 1997

This study was carried out to investigate the composition and the distribution of the benthic community in the coastal area of Inchon seasonally from May 1994 to February 1995, and to estimate the environmental factors that effect the temporal and the spatial changes of benthic species composition. In the present study, 231 species were collected with the average density of 455 ind./$m^2$. The dominant species were Heteromastus sp., Sternaspis scutata, Chaetozone setosa, Mediomastus sp., Glycinde sp., Glycera sp. and Nephtys oligobranchia, which are in the polychaete group; abundance of these species showed seasonal and spatial variations. The study area was divided into 4 regions by cluster analysis such as outside area of Palmido (I), main channel region and adjacent are of Shihwa sea wall (II), north-eastern area of Youngjongdo (III), and the Inchon harbor and the mouth area of Sorae harbor (IV). The particle size of sediment which generally influences the distribution of the benthic community, the differences of the concentration of heavy metals, and of the dissolved oxygen, the increase of the proportion of polychaetes and molluscs, the absence of the crustacean phoxocephalids, and the increase of the abundance of pollution indicator species, indicated that the environment of the areas have been degrading gradually from Group I to Group IV.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.205-216
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• 2010

In this paper, a method of MPEG-2 Transport Stream (TS) multiplexing for Ultra HDTV (UHDTV) and its design and implementation as a SW tool is described. In practice, UHD video may be divided into several HD videos and each video is encoded in parallel. Therefore, it is necessary to synchronize and multiplex multiple bitstreams encoding each HD video for transmitting and storing UHD video. In this paper, it is assumed that 4 HD videos partitioning a UHD spatially are encoded as H.264/AVC and two 5.0 channel audios are encoded by AC-3. Therefore, 4 H.264/AVC elementary streams (ESs) and 2 AC-3 ESs is mainly considered in the TS multiplexing of UHD. For the carriage of H.264/AVC and AC-3 over MPEG-2 TS, PES packetization and TS multiplexing are designed and implemented based on the extended specification of the MPEG-2 Systems and ATSC (Digital audio compressed standard), respectively. The implemented UHD TS multiplexing tool emulates real time HW operation in the time unit corresponding to the duration of one TS packet transmission in a given TS rate. In particular, in order to satisfy the timing model, the buffers defined in the TS System Target Decoder (T-STD) are monitored and their statuses are considered in the scheduling of TS multiplexing. For UHD multiplexing, two kinds of multiplexing structures, which are UHD re-multiplexing and UHD program multiplexing, are implemented and their strength and weakness are investigated. The developed UHD TS multiplexing tool is tested and verified in terms of the syntax and semantics conformance and functionalities by using a commercial analyzer and real-time presentation tools.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.190-208
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• 2016

This study was carried out to understand the spatial distribution and conservation, restoration plan for vegetation in the Hwaeom wetland protected area. Total 29 phytosociological releves consisted of 117 plant species (unidentified species contained) was made during field studies conducted at 2008 and 2013 applying Braun-Branquet method. The collected vegetations were arranged 8 plant communities and thus divided hydric types (Drosera rotundifolia-Eleocharis congesta community, Carex forficula-Molinia japonica community) and xeric types (Miscanthus sinensis community, Rhododendron yedoense var. poukhanense community, Tripterygium regelii community, Carex gifuensis-Quercus mongolica community) under moisture conditions. The hydric types growing in hydric conditions distributed along hollowed out ground or the water channel that have a key qualification to protect. In the wetland protected area, the hydric vegetation types were mostly covered about 3.8% and the xeric types dominating by Miscanthus sinensis were most wildly distributed about 51.5%. Various woody plant species invaded the place. In 2008, invasion plants observed with total 14 species - 8 tree species (227 individual), 6 shrub species (51 individual) and alders (Aluns japonica) found in 2013. We suggested finding out that the sustainable conservation and management in Hwaeom wetland should be setting up plan focused on activity and variability such as continuous monitoring (changing vegetation types, spatial distribution, invasion plants) and zonation management (core zone, buffer zone, transition zone).

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.686-708
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• 2013

The goal of this investigation is to examine the matter as to how various cyberpolitical activities such as on-line civic participation, cyber parties, development and movement of civil society networks are appeared in cyberspace; and how political activities in cyberspace are associated with offline environment. This research was based on in-depth and open-ended interviews centering around 20s (32 interviewees) and the major results are as in the following. First, in terms of on-line civic participation, searching political issues occur in places, where internet users can access information easily relatively, and creating or reconstructing political information is identified in places giving stability or affinity to the public society. Second, even though each party's homepage for the channel of cyber parties has enough capacity as bridgespace, which takes charge of supporting f lows of people, goods, capital, and ideas, most of them don't play a role to establish virtual or real networks. Exceptively, cyber parties contribute to make temporalized places, where nobody takes the responsibility, somewhat. Third, the development and movement of civil society networks is divided into several segments according to political interests and tendency in online; furthermore, such a cyberpolitical activity influences human networks and the decision of major places for political activities in offline.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.48-56
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• 2002

The flow characteristics around KRISO 3600TEU container ship model have been experimentally investigated in a circulating water channel. The instantaneous velocity vectors were measured using 2-frame PIV measurement system. The mean velocity fields and turbulent statistics including turbulent kinetic energy and vorticity were obtained by ensemble-averaging 400 instantaneous velocity fields. The free stream velocity was fixed at 0.6m/s and the corresponding Reynolds number was $9{\times}10^5$. The test sections were divided into two regions, three transverse sections of the wake region(Station -0.5767, -1, -3) and five longitudinal sections of the wake((Z/(B/2)=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6). In the wake region, large-scale longitudinal vortices of nearly same strength are symmetric with respect to the wake centerline and a relatively weak secondary vortex is formed near the waterline. With going downstream, the strength of longitudinal vortex is decreased and the wake region expands.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 2011

The objective of the imaging pipeline is to transform the original scene into a display image that appear similar, Generally, gamma adjustment or histogram-based method is modified to improve the contrast and detail. However, this is insufficient as the intensity and the chromaticity of illumination vary with geometric position. Thus, MSR (Multi-Scale Retinex) has been proposed. the MSR is based on a channel-independent logarithm, and it is dependent on the scale of the Gaussian filter, which varies according to input image. Therefore, after correcting the color, image quality degradations, such as halo, graying-out, and dominated color, may occur. Accordingly, this paper presents a novel color correction method using a modified image formation model in which the image is divided into three components such as global illumination, local illumination, and reflectance. The global illumination is obtained through Gaussian filtering of the original image, and the local illumination is estimated by using JND-based adaptive filter. Thereafter, the reflectance is estimated by dividing the original image by the estimated global and the local illumination to remove the influence of the illumination effects. The output image is obtained based on sRGB color representation. The experiment results show that the proposed method yields better performance of color correction over the conventional methods.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.2755-2760
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• 2010

The moxibustion therapy of orient medical is well known. Moxibustion method is used to burning moxibustion. The variation factors of the moxibustion stimulation for body can be applied to the electronic moxibustion method. This study is to analyze and examine the electroencephalogram(EEG) variations for moxibustion stimulation. In experiment, we divided six healthy male subjects into two same sized groups : with and without stimuli. The given stimuli are the moxibustion for CV4(Kwan-Won), CV8(Shin-Guel), and CV12(Jung-wan) acupuncture points. We have analyzed the power spectrum for ${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$, ${\delta}$, ${\Theta}$ waves and the average EEG variation level and each channels variation level of EEG. The result was that the moxibustion stimulation decreased the EEG levels of parietal lobe(ch 2, 3, 6, 7) according to the somatosensory system. And the apparent different points are that mild-heat($42{\sim}44^{\circ}C$) stimulation generating ${\alpha}$-wave is increased and ${\beta}$-wave is decreased, also slight-hot($45{\sim}48^{\circ}C$) stimulation made ${\alpha}$-wave decrease and ${\beta}$-wave increase for occipital lobe(ch 4,8) on the simulation group.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.3 no.9
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• pp.293-300
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• 2014

TDMA(Time Division Multiple Access) is a channel access scheme for shared medium networks. The shared frequency is divided into multiple time slots, some of which are assigned to a user for communication. Techniques for TDMA can be categorized into two classes: synchronous and asynchronous. Synchronization is not suitable for small scale networks because it is complicated and requires additional equipments. In contrast, in DESYNC, a biologically-inspired algorithm, the synchronization can be easily achieved without a global clock or other infrastructure overhead. However, DESYNC spends a great deal of time to complete synchronization and does not guarantee the maximum time to synch completion. In this paper, we propose a lightweight synchronization scheme, C-DESYNC, which counts the number of participating nodes with GP (Global Packet) signal including the information about the starting time of a period. The proposed algorithm is mush simpler than the existing synchronization TDMA techniques in terms of cost-effective method and guarantees the maximum time to synch completion. Our simulation results show that C-DESYNC guarantees the completion of the synchronization process within only 3 periods regardless of the number of nodes.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.537-548
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• 2013

In this study, the hydraulic channel routing model was constructed to analysis the effect of flood control with the operation of Chungju Dam for 2006 flood. Study area was divided with up- and downstream of Chungju Dam in the upper Han River of Paldang Dam. The model was calibrated and verified for the flood event of 1995-2008. The effects of flood control of Chungju Dam were compared with the simulation results without the dam, and the rising effects of stage in the main observation stations were analyzed by the variation of released dam discharge. Consequently, the operation of Chungju Dam for 2006 flood was performed properly, but the effects of flood control of Chungju Dam were so focused in downstream of the dam that institutional complement was demanded to reduce the flood damage in the upper region of the dam. The limit of decision rule of downstream stage in the backwater region of dam was analyzed to solve the problem, and the decision rule of downstream stage was proposed to consider the discontinuity between the backwater region of dam and the design flood of upper stream. The proposed rule will be used to design the reduction of flood damage in upper stream of dam and to apply the analysis of region for flood damage.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.15
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• pp.25-45
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• 2002

The purpose of study is to examine how tour wholesaler's relationship characteristics to tour retailer affect trust, commitment, and repurchase intention in the distribution channel of travel industry. There are several detailed purposes of this study. First, this study is to grasp the factors of tour wholesaler's relationship characteristics to tour retailer. Secondly, this study is to examine how tour wholesaler's relationship characteristics to tour retailer affect trust and commitment. Thirdly, this study is to examine how trust on tour wholesaler, which is divided into two levels, firm and salesperson in charge, affects each other and commitment. Fourthly, this study is to examine how trust on tour wholesaler finn and salesperson in charge and commitment affect repurchase intention. Fifthly, this study is to suggest more efficient basis for marketing strategies to C.E.O or officer in charge of decision making of tour wholesaler, and help them to make right decisions. Managerial implications can be drawn from this study. One is that it is recognized that tour wholesaler's relationship characteristics to tour retailer consist of those to tour wholesaler finn such as reputation, physical characteristics, communication and those to salesperson in charge such as expertise, likability, similarity, frequent contact affect trust and commitment positively. Therefore, C.E.O and officer in charge of decision making of tour wholesaler should set up marketing strategies to get positive results at both levels, a finn and a salesperson. The other is that it is important that a tour wholesaler should manage their tour retailer with relationship oriented methods such as building trust, and make every endeavor to retain long term relationship with tour retailer.