• 농업과학연구
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.841-860
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• 2023

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary mangosteen peel extract (MPE) on growth performance, serum biochemistry, jejunum morphology, and cytokine levels in growing pigs raised at a high stocking density. A total of 120 male growing pigs (43.68 ± 0.48 kg) were randomly arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design with stocking density (high; HD, 0.55 m²/pig and normal; ND, 0.82 m²/pig) and dietary MPE (0 or 5 g/kg) as factors. Each treatment had six replicates with four or six pigs per treatment. Feed and water were provided ad libitum for 6 weeks. The HD group exhibited lower final body weight, average daily gain, and average daily feed than the ND group (p < 0.05). None of the factors affected villus height to crypt depth ratio. Dietary MPE, but not stocking density, increased IL-10 levels in the serum com-pared to the non-supplemented control diet (p < 0.05). In the microbiome analysis, alpha diversity analysis showed significant reductions in the MPE-treated group only under normal density conditions. High density stress induced gut microbiome changes and these response was differ between normal and MPE diet fed pigs. Overall, each group exhibited different major microbial composition in the gut. In conclusion, there were significant changes in the major microbial composition in response to high-density stress, and this variation was influenced by dietary treatment.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.349-356
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• 2014

수중통신에서는 다중경로로 인해 심벌간의 상호간섭이 발생하여 시스템의 성능을 저하시킨다. 최근 수중 통신시스템에서는 이러한 열악한 채널환경을 극복하고 전송률을 향상시키기 위하여 등화기 및 채널 부호화와 시공간 부호화 방식의 효율적인 연접 구조가 수중통신에서 MIMO시스템으로 응용되어 연구되고 있다. 수중 MIMO 환경에서 시공간 부호화 방식 중에서는 시공간 블록 부호화 방식과 시공간 격자 부호화 방식이 있으며, 시공간 격자 부호화 방식이 등화기 및 채널 부호화 방식에 최적이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 다중경로 채널 환경에서 효율적인 전송을 위해 터보 Pi 부호화기를 외부부호로 사용하고, MIMO시스템에서 전송 다이버시티와 부호화이득을 동시에 가지는 시공간 격자부호를 내부부호로 구성한다. 그리고 심볼간 상호 간섭 제거를 위해 Zero Forcing 등화기법을 사용하여 수중채널에서의 시뮬레이션을 통해 성능을 확인하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.1131-1140
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• 2014

This research focused on the effects of different doses of Bacillus subtilis KN-42 on the growth performance, diarrhea incidence, faecal bacterial flora, and the relative number of Lactobacillus and Escherichia coli in faeces of weaned piglets to determine whether the strain can serve as a candidate antimicrobial growth promoter. A total of 360 piglets (initial body weight $7.14{\pm}0.63$ kg) weaned at $26{\pm}2$ days of age were randomly allotted to 5 treatment groups (4 pens per treatment with 18 pigs per pen) for a 28-day trial. Dietary treatments were basal diet without any antimicrobial (negative control; NC), basal diet supplemented with 120 mg/kg feed of neomycin sulfate (positive control; PC) and basal diet supplemented with $2{\times}10^9$ (L), $4{\times}10^9$ (M) and $20{\times}10^9$ (H) CFU/kg feed of B. subtilis KN-42. During the overall period, average daily gain and feed efficiency of piglets were higher in groups PC, M, and H than those in group NC (p<0.05), and all probiotics and antibiotics groups had a lower diarrhea index than group NC (p<0.05). The 16S rDNA gene-based methods were used to analyze faecal bacterial flora on day 28 of experiment. The result of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis showed that supplementation of B. subtilis KN-42 to the diet changed the bacterial communities, with a higher bacterial diversity and band number in group M than in the other four groups. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the relative number of Lactobacillus were higher in groups PC and H than in group NC (p<0.05), and the supplemented B. subtilis KN-42 to the diet also reduced the relative number of E. coli (p<0.05). These results suggest that dietary addition of B. subtilis KN-42 can improve the growth performance and gastrointestinal health of piglets.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.127-152
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• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 비교문화 연구에 비교적 새로운 개념으로서 Earley and Ang(2003)이 도입한 문화 인텔리전스(cultural intelligence : CQ)를 적용하여 중소기업 수출담당자의 문화 인텔리전스가 해외시장정보 탐색과 해외시장정보 활용능력(마케팅적응, 관계적응) 간의 관계에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 분석하는 것이다. 구조모형 분석방법으로서 SmartPLS가 사용되었고, 94개 수출중소기업을 대상으로 실증적으로 분석한 결과, 문화 인텔리전스는 해외시장정보탐색과 해외시장정보 활용능력에 부분적으로 조절적 역할을 하는 것으로 검증되었다. 문화 인텔리전스의 선행요인으로서는 수출담당자의 외국어유창성, 해외출장빈도, 다국어구사력, 해외출장용무, 문화선행학습, 해외체류경험 등이 유의한 요인으로 검증되었다. 연구결과에 의거하면, 해외시장정보를 습득-이해-가공하는 과정에 문화 인텔리전스의 역할이 큰 것으로 추론할 수 있다. 따라서 다차원적 성격의 문화 인텔리전스 강화를 위해 기업 및 수출지원기관의 차별화된 문화역량 교육 및 훈련프로그램 개발이 필요하다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.193-201
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• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of nutrition counseling on the dietary intake and nutritional status cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy treatment. The study was conducted over 6 week period and included 104 patients : 66 received nutrition counseling as the variable group of 42 male and 24 female and 38 patients received no counseling as the control group of 19 male and 19 female. Nutrition counseling was accompanied with the radiation therapy and adminstered via counseling session and distribution of printed material during radiation therapy for 6 weeks. Nutrition counseling aimed at maintaining a balanced diet and preventing weight loss of subjects, guideline used for energy and protein intake were 35kcal/kg IBW and 1.5-2.0g/kg IBW, respectively. Over the course of the study, the counseling group increased significantly in comparison to the control group's energy intake, evidenced by the counseling group's initial mean daily energy intake of 1932.0kcal, and 4 and 6 week mean energy intake values of 2046.6kcal, 2066kcal, respectively. But mean energy values of control group was 1614.3kcal at 4 week. Th energy intake per weight values and protein intake per weight values for initial, 4 and 6 week intervals for counseling group were 33.2kcal/kg, 33.7kcal/kg, 34.0kcal/kg, and 1.48g/kg, 1.58g/kg, 1.59g/kg, respectively. Based on results, nutrition counseling had positive effects on both the variety of diet and energy intake of the variable group, mostly due to an increase in dairy product and egg consumption. In addition, the percentage of counseling group patients who consumed all 5 food group increased from 48.5% to 54.5%. Sufficient energy intake and protein consumption seem to be important factors in weight loss prevention, evidenced by weight gain by subjects in the counseling group who had 36.1kcal/kg/day mean energy intake and 1.77g/kg/day mean protein intake after 4 weeks. Counseling group subjects experiencing weight loss had lower intake and 1.77g/kg/day mean protein intake after 3 weeks. Counseling group subjects experiencing weight loss had lower intakes of 29.3kcal/kg/day for energy and 1.33g/kg/day for protein during the same period. Another significant factor in weight loss prevention of the counseling group could be the variety of diet. The dietary variety scores(DVS) of both counseling and control groups differed significantly : the counseling group had a mean score of 34 while the control group of patients. At the end of the study, the mean percentage of subjects within each group having a DDS 5 was higher in the counseling group (54.5% v.s. 24.0%). In this study, nutrition counseling for cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy proved to be effective in preventing weight loss, a major complication during radiotherapy. Nutrition counseling not only increased protein and energy intake, but also had desirable effects on variety or diversity of diet.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.405-416
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• 1992

This study was performed to investigate correlation between total body weight loss and local sweat rate and to find out any possible method that can estimate total body weight loss judging from local sweat rate. Twelve adult females were kept at 44 $\pm1^{\circ}C$, 50 ${\pm}5\%$ R.H. (1) Physiological responses such as total body weight loss, local sweat rate, rectal temperature, skin temperature, blood pressure and pulse, (2) micro climate inside garment and (3) subjective sensation were examined. Two types of garment such as long-sleeves with long pants (Type I) and half·sleeves with short pants (Type II) were used to observe the effect of garment types on sweating response. Both clothing weight was equal (132$\pm$3 g/$m^{2}$). The results were as follows: 1. Regardless of the different types, total body weight loss was more interrelated with the sweat rate on forehead than any other parts of the body. Except the forehead, different parts of body with different types of garment influenced on body weight loss quite differently. 2. Total body weight loss was more interrelated with the weight gain of garment than the local sweat rate. 3. Under the environment of 44$\pm1^{\circ}C,\;50{\pm}5\%$R.H., body weight loss during 1 hour of subject clothed and silted was 275.2 g/hr and weight loss per body surface area was 178.9 g/$m^{2}/hr$ Garment types have no influences on total body weight loss. 4. Local sweat rate (mg/7.07 $cm^{2}/hr$) was 208.0,191.0, 133.0, 115.0,81 0, 75.1 and 66.3 on scruff, breast, forehead, forearm, thigh, upper arm, leg respectively No evidence has been found that garment types influenced on local sweat rate (p<0.1). 5. No interrelationships between rectal temperature and total body weight loss, local skin temperature and total body weight loss, and local skin temperature and local sweat rate were found. From this study, some possible method that we can estimate total body' weight loss judging from weight loss of garment. But considering the fact that clothing design factor, the physical characteristics of fabric and environmental factor such as humidity and wind velocity should be concerned in weight loss of garment, it should be studied further whether the total body weight loss can be estimated properly from the weight loss of garment. This experiment suggest that different parts of body with different types of garment can influence on body weight loss quite differently. Therefore, in order to get more precise results, more studies under the diversity of garment types should be done in the near future.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 AMC-V-BLAST(Adaptive Modulation and Coding-Vertical-Bell-lab Layered Space-Time) 결합 시스템에 각 레이어 별로 공통적인 MCS(Modulation and Coding Scheme) 레벨을 적용한 경우와 독립적인 MSC 레벨을 적용한 경우의 시스템 구조를 제시 후 성능을 관찰한다. 그리고 공통적인 MCS 레벨이 적용된 결합 시스템의 성능에 비하여 독립적인 MCS 레벨이 적용된 결합 시스템이 어느 정도의 전송률 향상이 있는가를 살펴본다. 실험결과, 독립적인 MCS 레벨이 적용된 경우가 레이어 별로 각 채널상태에 따라 최대한의 전송률을 얻기 위한 변조 및 코딩 방식이 선택되므로 공통 MCS 레벨을 적용한 경우에 비하여 전송률 성능이 우수함을 보였다. 특히, 약 $7dB{\sim}9dB$ SNR 구간에서 독립적인 MCS 레벨을 적용한 AMC-V-BLAST 결합 시스템의 경우가 공통적인 MCS 레벨을 적용한 경우에 비하여 약 700kbps의 전송률이 개선됨을 확인하였다. 또한, 수신다이버시티를 고려하며 MMSE 무효화 기법을 적용한 AMC-V-BLAST 결합 시스템의 경우 $7dB{\sim}9dB$ SNR 구간에 대하여 독립적인 MCS 레벨을 적용한 시스템과 공통적인 MCS 레벨을 선택한 시스템 간의 전송률 차이가 약 350kpbs 내외로 나타남을 확인할 수 있다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제37권8호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2000

다중톤 방해신호가 존재하는 레일리 페이딩 채널에서, MSK와 QPSK 변조방식을 사용하는 직접 시퀀스/느린 주파수 도약 복합 확산대역 시스템의 성능을 분석한다. 수신기에서 다이버시티를 사용하지 않는 MSK와 QPSK의 변조방식별 시스템의 비트오율 성능을 수신기에서의 평균 신호대 잡음비 E/sub b//N/sub 0/ 및 방해신호대 원하는 신호의 전력비(JSR)의 개념으로 유도하고, 여러 가지 시스템 파라메터의 변화에 따른 시스템의 성능을 평가한다. 또한, 페이딩이 없는 채널과 페이딩이 존재하는 채널, 그리고 MSK와 QPSK의 변조방식에 따라 성능을 비교 분석한다. 다중 톤 재밍이 있을 때, MSK 시스템과 QPSK 시스템간의 성능은 JSR=0dB 근처에서 서로 비슷했지만, JSR이 증가할수록 MSK 시스템의 성능이 더 좋아진다. 전체 확산 이득이 고정 된 경우에, 직접 확산 이득이 증가할수록 두 시스템의 성능이 전체적으로 개선되지만, 개선되는 BER 성능은 아주 작다. 또한 레일리 페이딩이 없을때에 비하여 페이딩이 있는 시스템의 성능은 E/sub b//N/sub 0/가 작은 경우에는 서로 비슷한 성능을 나타내지만, E/sub b//N/sub 0/가 증가할수록 큰 성능차이를 나타낸다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2008

기존의 협력통신은 목적지 노드에서 소스 노드와 릴레이 노드들로부터 독립적인 채널의 동일한 신호를 수신하므로 공간 다이버시티와 경로손실감소 이득을 얻을 수 있다. 하지만, 릴레이 노드의 사용으로 인해 주파수 효율이 저하되고, maximal ratio combining (MRC) 결합 방식을 사용함으로써 수신단의 복잡도가 증가하는 문제를 초래하였다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 단점을 개선하는 동시에 우수한 BER 성능을 얻을 수 있는 협력 ARQ 프로토콜을 제안하였다. 이 방식은 소스 노드로부터 수신한 신호를 우선적으로 목적지 노드에서 평가하여 만족되어질 경우, ACK 메시지를 소스 노드와 릴레이 노드로 전송하고 수신한 신호를 복구하므로 기존의 협력통신에 비해 주파수 효율을 높일 수 있다. 또한, ARQ 메시지가 NACK일 경우 릴레이 노드는 선택적 재전송을 하므로 소스 노드가 재전송하는 일반적인 ARQ 프로토콜에 비해 시스템의 신뢰성을 높일 수 있다. 제안하는 프로토콜에서의 선택적 전송과 ARQ 메시지의 정보는 각각 소스 노드로부터 수신한 신호의 log-likelihood ratio (LLR) 계산 값과 임의의 문턱 값을 비교하여 결정하므로 기존의 CRC 부호를 위한 대역폭 할당을 요구하지 않으며, 목적지 노드에서 부가적인 결합방식을 사용하지 않음으로써 수신단의 복잡도를 줄일 수 있었다. 레일리 페이딩과 AWGN를 고려한 Monte-Carlo 시뮬레이션을 통해 주파수 효율과 BER 성능을 검증하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권11호
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• pp.1734-1744
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• 2019

Objective: In this study, two glycosidases (XMosidases), ${\beta}$-xylosidase and ${\beta}$-mannosidase, were investigated on their in vitro hydrolysis activities of feed and on the improvement of growth performance in vivo in weanling pigs. Methods: Enzyme activities of XMosidases in vitro were evaluated in test tubes and simulation of gastric and small intestinal digestion, respectively, in the presence of NSPase. In vivo study was performed in 108 weaned piglets in a 28-d treatment. Pigs were allotted to one of three dietary treatments with six replicate pens in each treatment. The three treatment groups were as follows: i) Control (basal diet); ii) CE (basal diets+CE); iii) CE-Xmosidases (basal diets+ CE+${\beta}$-xylosidase at 800 U/kg and ${\beta}$-mannosidase at 40 U/kg). CE was complex enzymes (amylase, protease, xylanase, and mannanase). Results: In vitro XMosidases displayed significant activities on hydrolysis of corn and soybean meal in the presence of non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzymes (xylanase and ${\beta}$-mannanase). In vitro simulation of gastric and small intestinal digestion by XMosidases showed XMosidases achieved $67.89%{\pm}0.22%$ of dry matter digestibility and $63.12%{\pm}0.21%$ of energy digestibility at $40^{\circ}C$ for 5 hrs. In weanling pigs, additional XMosidases to CE in feed improved average daily gain, feed conversion rate (p<0.05), and apparent total tract digestibility of crude protein (p = 0.01) and dry matter (p = 0.02). XMosidases also altered the gut bacterial diversity and composition by increasing the proportion of beneficial bacteria. Conclusion: Addition of a complex enzyme supplementation (contained xylanase, ${\beta}$-mannanase, protease and amylase), XMosidases (${\beta}$-xylosidase and ${\beta}$-mannosidase) can further improve the growth performance and nutrient digestion of young pigs.