• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.522-532
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• 2006

It is well known that screech tones of supersonic jet are generated by a feedback loop driven by the instability waves. Near the nozzle lip where the supersonic jet mixing layer is receptive to external excitation, acoustic disturbances impinging on this area excite the instability waves. This fact implies that the nozzle lip thickness can influence the screech tones of supersonic jet. The objective of the present study is to experimentally investigate the effect of nozzle-lip thickness on screech tones of supersonic jets issuing from a convergent-divergent nozzle. A baffle plate was installed at the nozzle exit to change the nozzle-lip thickness. Detailed acoustic measurement and flow visualization were made to specify the screech tones. The results obtained obviously show that nozzle-lip thickness significantly affects the screech tones of supersonic jet, strongly depending on whether the jet at the nozzle exit is over-expanded or under-expanded.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.1499-1504
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• 2004

The effects of absorbing materials on the characteristics of supersonic jet noise were experimentally investigated using a convergent-divergent nozzle with a design Mach number of 2.0. Overall sound pressure levels (OASPL) and noise spectra were obtained at far-field locations. Schlieren optical system was used to visualize the flow-fields of supersonic jets. In order to investigate the effect of absorbing materials, baffle plates of different materials (metal, grass wool and polyurethane foam) were installed at the exit of the nozzle. Experiment was carried out over a wide range of nozzle pressure ratios from 2.0 and 18.0, which corresponds to over- and under-expanded conditions. The results obtained show that the screech tone amplitude and the overall sound pressure level reduce by using the baffle plates of absorbing materials, compared with the metal baffle plate. It is also found that the characteristics of supersonic jet noise are strongly dependent on the size of baffle plate.

• 대기
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.505-518
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• 2010

We investigated the impacts of the diabatic heating location, vertical profile and basic state on the Rossby wave propagation. To examine the dynamical process of individual responses on the regional heat source, a dry version of the linear baroclinic model was used with climatological summertime (JJA) mean basic state and vertical structure of the diabatic heating for 1979-2008. Two sets of diabatic heating were constructed of those positioned in the mid-latitudes (Tibetan Plateau, eastern Mediterranean Sea, and the west-central Asia) and the tropics (the southern India, Bay of Bengal, and western Pacific). It was found that using the principal component analysis, atmospheric response to diabatic heating reaches to the steady state in 19th days in time. The prescribed mid-latitude forcing forms equivalent barotropic Rossby wave propagation along the westerly Asia jets, whereas the tropical forcing generates the Rossby wave train extending from the tropics to mid-latitudes. In relation to the maximum vertical profile, the mid-level forcing reveals a stronger response than the lower-level forcing, which may be caused by more effective Rossby wave response by the upper-level divergent flow. Under the different sub-seasonal mean state, both of the tropical and mid-latitude forcing induce the different sub-seasonal response intensity, due to the different basic-state wind.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.58-68
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• 1999

This study was carried out to verify the distribution patterns of Salix gracilistyla and Phragmites japonica communities known as obligatory riparian species according to physical factors such as micro-landforms, substrates, etc., at Soo-ip stream corridor. Firstly four vegetation types - Salix gracilistyla dominant type, Phragmites japonica dominant type, mixed type of two species, and mixed type of two species to other species, were classified by cluster analysis based on UPGMA-Euclidean distance. Also these vegetation types showed many different distribution patterns in response to the longitudinal and lateral view along the stream corridor and substrate composition. Salix gracilistyla was major component of dominant vegetation types developed at attack point of bending reach and on substrates composed of rock fragments, but contrastly Phragmites japonica was most important component of dominant vegetation types at point bar of bending reach and floodplain, and on substrates composed of soil materials. Secondly the species and environment biplot form CCA strongly supported the vegetation types divided by classification. Namely Salix gracilistyla was closely correlated with rock fragments and steep slope, which is resistant to physical action even though located near running water. But Phragmites japonica showed a high correlation with soil particles sedimented at floodplain by divergent flow.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2004년도 제22회 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.611-616
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• 2004

In this study, microfabrication of a micro-arcjet nozzle with Fifth-harmonic generation Nd：YAG pulses (wavelength 213 nm) and its thrust performance tests were conducted. A micro-arcjet nozzle was machined in a 1.2 mm thick quartz plate. Sizes of the nozzle were 0.44 mm in width of the nozzle exit and constrictor diameter of 0.1 mm. For an anode, a thin film of Au (~100 nm thick) was deposited by DC discharge PVD in vacuum on divergent part of the nozzle. As for a cathode, an Au film was also coated on inner wall surface. In operational tests, a stable discharge was observed for mass flow of 1.0mg/sec, discharge current of 6 ㎃, discharge voltage of 600 V, or 3.6 W input power (specific power of 3.6 MW/kg). In this case, plenum pressure of the discharge chamber was 80 ㎪. With 3.6 W input power, thrust obtained was 1.4 mN giving specific impulse of 138 sec with thrust efficiency of 24 %.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.84-93
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• 2013

차세대 전투기 및 무인 전투기의 경우 스텔스성과 고 기동성, 초음속 순항 등의 임무들이 필수적으로 요구된다. 이러한 고성능 요구조건을 만족하기 위하여 초음속 배기노즐의 추력편향제어기법이 대두되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 2차원 초음속 추력편향노즐의 축소모델을 이용하여, 피치 편향각 및 피치 플랩길이에 따른 추력을 측정하고, 동시에 초음속 유동에 대한 쉴리렌 가시화를 수행하였다. 연구결과 추력편향시의 유동특성을 이해할 수 있었고, 추력 편향 시 최적의 피치편향 효율을 가지는 추력편향노즐의 기하학적 형상을 도출 할 수 있었다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.381-388
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• 2019

본 연구는 자신감의 뜻을 정의하고 디자이너에게의 창의력의 중요성을 알아본 후 두 요소 사이에 상관관계가 있는지를 찾는 것을 목표로 하였다. 좋은 디자인에는 새로운 발상이 요구되므로 창의력은 디자인 프로세스에 중요한 요소이이며, 많은 이들이 자신감이 창의력을 키워준다고 믿는다. 설문조사와 창의력 테스트를 동반한 실험결과 두 요소 사이에 뚜렷한 상관관계가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 두 요소가 누군가의 동기부여에 결정적인 역할을 해 디자이너로서의 성공에 관여한다는 것은 변함없는 사실이다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2022

This paper presents a study on amplitude-dependent self-excited aerodynamic forces of a 5:1 rectangular cylinder through free vibration wind tunnel test. The sectional model was spring-supported in a single degree of freedom (SDOF) in torsion, and it is found that the amplitude of the free vibration cylinder model was not divergent in the post-flutter stage and was instead of various stable amplitudes varying with the wind speed. The amplitude-dependent aerodynamic damping is determined using Hilbert Transform of response time histories at different wind speeds in a smooth flow. An approach is proposed to extract aerodynamic derivatives as nonlinear functions of the amplitude of torsional motion at various reduced wind speeds. The results show that the magnitude of A2^*, which is related to the negative aerodynamic damping, increases with increasing wind speed but decreases with vibration amplitude, and the magnitude of A3^* also increases with increasing wind speed but keeps stable with the changing amplitude. The amplitude-dependent aerodynamic derivatives derived from the tests can also be used to estimate the post-flutter response of 5:1 rectangular cylinders with different dynamic parameters via traditional flutter analysis.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2017

해안선 변동을 제어하기 위해 설치되는 잠제의 효과를 이해하기 위해 해안선과 평행한 단일 잠제 주변 연안의 흐름변화 특성을 수리실험을 통해 연구하였다. 잠제와 입사파 파라미터에 따른 잠제 후면의 흐름패턴을 관측하기 위해 LSPIV(Large-Scale Particle Image Velocimetry) 이미지 분석 기법을 적용하였고, 잠제 주변의 역학적 특성을 파악하기 위해 평균수면 및 파고분포를 관측하였다. 수리실험을 통해 흐름패턴은 잠제에 의한 파고(파랑응력) 분포변화와 그에 따라 발달하는 잠제 후면과 측면 쇄파유도류 및 평균수면상승효과의 상호작용에 의해 변화됨을 알 수 있었다. 잠제 주변의 분기 또는 수렴하는 흐름패턴에 따라 각각 해안선 변동을 침식 또는 퇴적반응으로 구분하는 Ranasinghe et al.(2010)의 경험식과 수리실험 결과를 비교하여, 전반적으로 경험식에 부합하는 흐름패턴을 확인할 수 있었다. 그러나 일부 실험결과에서 기존의 경험식을 적용하여 구분하기 어려운 침식과 퇴적이 혼재된 반응을 유도하는 흐름패턴도 관찰할 수 있었다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.290-301
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• 1985

600MW(e)급 CANDU형 원자로의 1차 냉각재계통은 2개의 “8자” 모양 루프로 구성되며 정상운전중 원자로 출구헤더 (ROH)의 설계 quality는 4%이다. 이러한 루프내 2부분에 압축성 유체의 존재 및 유동-quality-기포율의 정궤환 효과는 1차 냉각재계통 유동 불안정의 주요인이 된다. 계통의 안정을 위하여 설계 변경사항으로서 같은 루프의 ROH-HOH간 interconnect가 설치되었다. 본 논문은 정상운전시 1차 냉각재계통의 유동 불안정현상을 조사연구하며, 또한 interconnect가 유동 안정성에 미치는 영향 및 계통 고유의 유동 안정성에 대한 연구를 수행한다. 시간 영역의 안정성 분석은 ATHER코드로부터 보완된 ATHER/MOD-I 코드를 사용하여 분석한다. 가장 보수적인 계통 모형, 즉 대칭형 루프의 유동은 발산하며, interconnect를 설치함으로써 계통의 유동 안정성은 크게 향상되어 안정된다. 그러나 보수적인 가압기 모델을 사용 분석하였을 경우라도 계통의 유동 안정성은 보장됨을 알 수 있다. 실제적인 계통 즉 가압기와 interconnect를 모사한 경우의 계통 안정성은 크게 보장된다. 결론적으로 비록 interconnect는 계통의 안정성을 크게 향상시키나 가압기 등 계통 고유의 유동 안정성은 매우 커서 interconnect가 설치되지 않았더라도 1차 냉각재 계통의 유동 안정성을 보장함을 알 수 있다.