• BMB Reports
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.20-24
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• 1998

Thioltransferase, also known as glutaredoxin, is an enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of a variety of disulfides, including protein disulfides, in the presence of reduced glutathione. Thioltransferase was purified from kale through ammonium sulfate fractionation, DE-52 ion-exchange chromatography, Sephadex G-75 gel filtration, and Q-Sepharose ion-exchange chromatography. Its molecular size was estimated to be about 31,000 daltons on SDS-PAGE. The purified enzyme has an optimum pH of about 8.0 with 2-hydroxyethyl disulfide as a substrate. The enzyme also utilizes L-sulfocysteine, L-cystine, bovine serum albumin, and insulin as substrates in the presence of GSH. The enzyme has $K_m$ values of 0.24-0.67 mM for these substrates. The enzyme was partly inactivated after heating at $80^{\circ}C$ or higher temperature for 30 min. The enzyme was stimulated by various thiol compounds such as reduced glutathione, dithiothreitol, L-cysteine, and $\beta$-mercaptoethanol. This is a second example of a plant thioltransferase which was purified and characterized.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.249-253
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• 1997

The acaricidal and ovicidal activity against red spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) was examined for a series of S-aryl arenethiosulfonates and compared with sulfonate acaricide, ovex and senile. Substituted diphenyl disulfides were obtained from substituted thiophenols, chloronitrobenzene and aniline derivatives. The S-aryl arenesulfonothioates were synthesised from the oxidation of disulfides. Three kind of para substituted compounds were found to have good ovicidal effect but acaricidal activity against adult mite was negligible in all S-aryl arenethiosulfonates.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.151-155
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• 2010

Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) catalyzes the oxidation of disulfides and the isomerizatiob of incorrect disulfides in new polypeptides during folding in the oxidizing environment of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). To increase recombinant protein hSCF (human stem cell factor) production, we have developed expression system using the Bombyx mori PDI (bPDI) as a fusion partner. bPDI gene fusion was found to improve the production of recombinant hSCFs. Thus, we conclude that bPDI gene fusion will be very useful for the large-scale production of biologically active recombinant proteins.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.66-72
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• 2009

An aqueous ribose-cysteine model system (initial pH 5.6) was conventionally heated to the same browning at varying temperatures ($120-180^{\circ}C$), supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-$CO_2$, 20 MPa) was also applied on the same matrices for same periods at each temperature and about 20% reduction of the absorbance at 420 nm was observed as compared with sole thermal treatment. The headspace volatiles from Maillard reaction mixtures were analyzed by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) in combination with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and predominated with sulfur containing compounds, such as thienothiophenes, polysulfur alicyclics, thiols, and disulfides. Reaction temperature exhibited complex effects on volatiles formation and those effects became further complicated by the SC-$CO_2$ treatment. The formation of noncarbonyl polysulfur heterocyclic compounds and thienothiophenes was generally favored at high temperatures. Most volatiles were inhibited in SC-$CO_2$ as compared with thermal treatment alone, however, the well-known meaty aromatic compounds, such as thiols and disulfides, were obviously enhanced.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.137-142
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• 2010

Previous studies report that organo-sulfur compounds derived from garlic inhibited smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and induced apoptosis of cancer cells. Recently, lipid-soluble compounds such as diallyl sulfides (DAS) and diallyl disulfides (DADS) have been reported to more effectively suppress tumor cell proliferation. However, there were few studies on the suppressive effects of lipid-soluble garlic sulfur compounds on the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Therefore, this study investigated the effect of DAS and DADS on VSMC proliferation/migration induced by oleic acid (OA), a principal fatty acid in circulating triglyceride of blood stream. Assays performed include a tetrazole (MTT) assay, a wound healing assay and a Western blots. VSMC proliferations were enhanced by OA in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations of $10{\sim}50\;{\mu}M$ and inhibited by DAS and DADS compared to non-treated control. OA-induced proliferations were also attenuated by DAS and DADS. OA-induced cell migrations were 2.5 times higher than non-treated control, and they were significantly attenuated by DAS (32% at $150\;{\mu}M$ and 50% at $200\;{\mu}M$) and DADS (40% at $150\;{\mu}M$ and 46% at $200\;{\mu}M$). OA-induced cell migration was also attenuated by PD98059 (ERK inhibitor), SB203580 (P38 inhibitor) and particularly by LY204002 (PI3K inhibitor) and SP600125 (JNK2 inhibitor). Additionally, Western blot assays showed that OA-induced JNK1/2-phosphorylation was down-regulated after treatment with DAS and DADS. In conclusion, the findings of our study support the idea that DAS and DADS may have a suppressive effect on the proliferation and migration of OA-induced VSMC and that this effect may be partly associated with PI3K and JNK2 pathways.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.339-347
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• 1997

Disulfiram (DSF) and diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC), a reduced form of DSF, protect the liver against toxicant-induced injury through inhibition of cytochrome P450 2E1. The effect of DSF and DDC on the levels of major hepatic microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) expression was comparatively studied, given the view that these enzymes are involved in terminal detoxification events for high energy intermediates of xenobiotics. Treatment of rats with a single dose of DSF (20-200 mg/kg, po) resulted in 2- to 15-fold increases in the mEH mRNA level at 24 hr with the ED$_{50}$ value being noted as 60 mg/kg. The mEH mRNA level was elevated ~15-fold at 24 hr after treatment at the dose of 100 mg/kg, whereas the hepatic mRNA level was rather decreased from the maximum at the dose of 200 mg/kg, indicating that DSF might cause cytotoxicity at the dose. In contrast to the effect of DSF, DDC only minimally elevated the mEH mRNA level at the doses employed. DSF moderately increased the major GST mRNA levels in the liver as a function of dose, resulting in rGSTA2, rGSTA3/5 or rGSTM1 mRNA levels being elevated 3- to 4-fold at 24 hr post-treatment, whereas the rGSTM2 mRNA level was not altered. DDC, however, failed to stimulate the mRNA levels for major GST subunits, indicating that the reduced form of DSF was ineffective in stimulating the GST the expression. The effect of other organosulfides including aldrithiol, 2, 2'-dithiobis(benzothiazole) (DTB), tetramethylthiouram disulfide (TMTD) and allyl disulfide (ADS) on the hepatic mEH and GST mRNA expression was assessed in rats in order to further confirm the increase in the gene expression by other disulfides. Treatment of rats with aldrithiol (100 mg/kg, po) resulted in a 16-fold increase in the mEH mRNA level at 24 hr post-treatment. DTB, TMTD and ADS also caused 5-, 9- and 12-fold increases in the rnRNA level, respectively, as compared to control. Thus, all of the disulfides examined were active in stimulating the mEH gene in the liver. The organosulfides significantly increased the rGSTA2, rGSTA3, rGSTA5 and rGSTM1 mRNA levels at 24 hr after administration. In particular, aldrithiol was very efficient in stimulating the rGSTA and rGSTM genes among the disulfides examined. These results provide evidence that DSF and other sulfides effectively stimulate the mEH and major GST gene expression at early times in the liver and that DDC, a reduced form of DSF, was ineffective in stimulating the expression of the genes, supporting the conclusion that reduced form(s) of organosulfur compound(s) might be less effective in inducing the mEH and GST genes through the antioxidant responsive element(s).

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.149-154
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• 1972

Seven alkylthiosulfates and three diaryl thiosulfates were synthesized as potential antineoplastic agents, and subjected to antineoplastic activity test against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, SN-36 Leukemia and Sarcoma 180. Allyl thiosulfate, n-propylthiosulfate and ${\beta}$-hydroxyethylthiosulfate were found as to be active against experimental tumors.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1388-1390
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• 2009

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.23 no.11
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• pp.1604-1610
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• 2002

In the present work, we studied thiram on silver surface by SERS. Investigations of disulfides with SERS revealed that the molecules undergo a surface reaction on silver, namely easy cleavage of the S-S bond. We believe that the two S atoms of resonance formed from the thiram may be chemisorbed strongly on Ag sol. This resonance form adheres perpendicularly to the Ag surface via the two S atoms, since the ${\delta}(CH3)$ and n (CN) mode perpendicular to the surface showed strong enhancement. The important roles of halide anion adsorption have been discussed and the pH effects of thiram on Ag sol in acidic, neutral, and alkaline conditions were examined.

• Proceedings of the Polymer Society of Korea Conference
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.377-377
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• 2006

Alkoxyamine and thiocarbonyl thio end capped polyethylene (PE) chains were synthesized using a direct and simple approach consisting in reacting di(polyethylenyl)magnesium (PE-Mg-PE) chains with a range of nitroxides and disulfides of thiocarbonyl thio compounds. PE-Mg-PE compounds were prepared by a catalyzed chain growth reaction of ethylene on nbutyloctylmagnesium (BOMg) with a neodymocene complex $(C_{5}Me_{5})_{2}NdCl_{2}Li(OEt_{2})_{2}$. Complete characterizations confirm the introduction of the desired end groups. The controlled radical polymerization (NMP and RAFT) of butyl acrylate mediated by these functional polyethylenes was successful.