• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.105-118
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• 2015

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of profile disturbance with different artificial accumulation history on physico-chemical properties of soil under plastic film house. The investigations included soil profile description using soil column cylinder auger F10cm x h110cm, in situ and laboratory measurements of soil properties at five sites each at the cucumber (Site Ic ~ Vc) and grape (Site Ig ~ Vg) plastic film houses with artificial soil accumulation. The sites except sites Ic, IVc, IVg and Vg, belong to ex-paddy area. The types of accumulates around root zone included sandy loam soil for 3 sites, loam soil for 1 site, saprolite for 2 sites, and multi-layer with different accumulates for 3 sites. Especially, Site IIg has mixed plow zone (Ap horizon) with original soil and saprolite, whereas disturbed soil layers of the other sites are composed of only external accumulates. The soil depth disturbed by artificial accumulation ranged from 20 cm, for Site IIg, to whole measured depth of 110 cm, for Site IVc, Vc, and Site IVg. Elapsed time from artificially accumulation to investigation time ranged from 3 months, Site IIc, to more than 20 years, Site Vg, paddy-soil covering over well-drained upland soil during land leveling in 1980s. Disturbed top layer in all sites except Site Vg had no structure, indicating low structural stability. In situ infiltration rate had no correlation with texture or organic matter content, but highest value with highest variability in Site IIIc, the shortest elapsed time since sandy loam soil accumulation. Relatively low infiltration rate was observed in sites accumulated by saprolite with coarse texture, presumably because its low structural stability in the way of weathering process could result in relatively high compaction in agro-machine work or irrigation. In all cucumber sites, there were water-transport limited zone with very low permeable or impermeability within 50 cm under soil surface, but Site IIg, IIIg, and Vg, with relatively weak disturbance or structured soil, were the reverse. We observed the big change in texture and re-increase of organic matter content, available phosphate, and exchangeable cations between disturbed layer and original soil layer. This study, therefore, suggest that the accumulation of coarse material such as saprolite for cultivating cash crop under plastic film house might not improve soil drainage and structural stability, inversely showing weaker disturbance of original soil profile with higher drainage.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.74-86
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• 2008

To assessment the disturbances of the Namgang caused by dam construction, upstream area was selected for the reference reach and downstream area was selected for the comparison reach. And these reaches were surveyed and analyzed according to the assessment criteria of the river disturbances.The artificial factors of river disturbances were classified as river improvement works, dam construction and aggregate dredging. The indexes were physical factors as like epifaunal (bottom), embeddedness, velocity/depth regime, sediment deposition, channel flow status, channel alteration, frequency of riffles, bank stability, vegetative protection, riparian zone etc.The assessment results showed 46% of the assessment criteria which was serious status in dam downstream area and 89.5% of it which was excellent status in dam upstream.Finally, the results showed that physical river environment in downstream area was disturbed by the discharge control and the interception of sediment discharge by dam, consequently this disturbance give rise to impact of ecosystem in river.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.72-85
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to establish the basis of the ecological restoration on the limestone mines in Korea, through the research of the revegetation measures of the disturbed slopes in Japanese limestone mines and the analysis of the case of Ibuki and Bukou limestone mines to realize the restoration works successfully. According to the number of mines to carry out the revegetation works increase every year, the revegetation area and amount of planting also go on increasing in Japan. In the small mines the environmental problem is not recognized seriously, but some mines have muchly invested in the revegetation of the damaged land by mines. Ibuki mine in Shiga-gen is practicing the four principles for the restoring of the revegetation in the disturbed slopes by mines. Firstly, the mean slope preserves $37^{\circ}$ in the last rock cut slopes. Secondly, the last rock cut slopes to rehabilitate are covered with the soil dressing 30cm high. Thirdly, the grasses in the mining area are digged up beforehand, and then they are reused to the revegetation works of rock cut slopes. Lastly, from the upper rock cut slopes the revegetation works begin, the process of the above are repeated, as the result, the restoring works will be completed. Upon the ground of these principles, the complex of the original vegetation and the native species seeding, that is, the revegetation technique of Ibuki have established. In the difficult area to revegetate, sodding works, heaping up vegetation-sack, seed-spraying, heaping up soil-sacks and planting works are adapted variously. Bukou mine in Saitama-gen try to maintain the revegetation, the screening and the stability of the enormous mining rock cut slope, and for these works, the activity of 'Chichibu Working Group of Rock Wall for Limestone Mines' contributes largely. The chief technique of the revegetation in Bukou mine is following; after the making the berm on the rock cut slopes, the soil dressing is filled in it, and the trees is planted for the screening of the rock cut slopes. They devide the rock cut slopes into four typical types, and choose the different ways to make the berm and fill the soil dressing in characteristic. Most of the planting trees are consist ofthe native species of Mt. Bukou through the stages of the nursery and transplantation. Not only the revegetation of the demaged land but also the breeding of the conservational plants also are their important business.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2009

우포늪의 제방 보강공사로 식생이 교란된 대대제에서 2005년 10월부터 2006년 10월까지 구조물을 설치한 지역과 설치하지 않은 지역의 식물상과 식생 구조의 계절적 변화 및 1차생산량을 조사, 비교하였다. 조사지역에 분포하는 관속식물은 78 종류로 구조물 지역과 비구조물 지역에서 각각 72 종류 및 75 종류가 각각 확인되었다. 관속식물을 생활형별로 구분하면 수생식물 3 종류, 습생식물 33 종류, 중생식물 42 종류 등이었으며, 귀화식물은 20종으로 전체의 25.6%로서 구조물 지역 17 종류(23.6%) 및 비구조물 지역 18 종류(24.0%)로 두 지역사이에 큰 차이가 없었다. 구조물 지역은 쇠뜨기가, 비구조물 지역은 토끼풀이 각각 우점하는데, 두 지역 모두 개망초, 환삼덩굴, 자운영, 돼지풀 등 귀화식물의 중요치가 비교적 높았다. 종다양성지수는 1.010~1.450으로 구조물 지역 및 비구조물 지역 모두 10월에 높고 3월에 가장 낮았으며, 조사기간 중 비구조물 지역이 구조물 지역에 비해 높은 값을 나타내었다. 두 지역간의 군집유사도는 0.359~0.456으로서 3월에 가장 낮고 식물의 최대 번성기인 8월에 가장 높았다. 구조물 지역에서 관속식물의 단위면적당 순1차생산량은 $417.1\;g/m^2$로서 갈대 179.5, 달맞이꽃 84.0, 물억새 $66.1\;g/m^2$ 등의 순이었으며, 비구조물 지역의 순1차생산량은 $392.7\;g/m^2$로서 망초 102.5, 물억새 87.4, 갈대 $81.6\;g/m^2$ 등의 순이었다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.37-45
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• 1997

지리산국립공원 노고단 지역에 분포하는 아고산대 초원지역은 급증한 이용객들에 의해 훼손되고 있다. 교란된 아고산대 초원지역의 복원공법을 개발하기 위한 기초연구로서, 이 지역에 시비처리, 식생도입처리, 멀칭처리를 각각 2수준으로 한 2*2*2 요인 실험을 표토가 유실된 10% 경사지와 표토가 잔존하는 40% 경사지에 실시하였다. 그 결과, 부지조건에 관계없이 야생풀포기심기가 파종보다 식생활착에 있어 더 효율적이었고 시비처리는 출현개체수와 피복도 증가에 통계적 유의성을 나타냈다. 반면 식생활착에 미치는 멀칭재료간 효과는 유의성이 없었다. 한편 척박지의 선구수종으로 추정되는 개쑥부쟁이는 직접파종에도 높은 활착율을 보였다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2004

Benthic pollution assessment based on macrobenthic community structure with environmental variables was carried out at twelve stations during two periods on a presumed pollution gradient in Gamak Bay. Univariate and multivariate methods were applied to investigate structural changes in the benthic communities. A clear gradient of pollution effects on the macrobenthic community was observed from the interior to the exterior of the bay. The community on the northwestern basin was severely disturbed due to a low level of hydrodynamics and a large amount of pollutant input from nearby cities. Exterior regions on the southern basin appeared to have the best benthic environmental characteristics among all stations according to most methods of analysis. Central ridge regions and two stations around the islets in the mouth of the bay exhibited intermediate levels of perturbation when compared to the more disturbed interior and undisturbed exterior regions. Pollution effects on the communities were attenuated at the southern area of the central ridge during spring compared to those of summer, where aquacultural farming was densely distributed. The environmental variables primarily correlated to the macrobenthic community structure were total organic carbon (C), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), and tributyltins (TBTs), contents found on the surface sediment, as anthropogenic variables indicating organic materials.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2015

Forest disturbance sometime considered as a tool of management as it believed that mid level disturbance constructs better micro-climatic conditions which ultimately boost up the plant diversity. The effect of different levels of disturbance on species composition and regeneration is very important. Present attempt was carried out in a temperate evergreen oak forest which was under various degree of disturbance. The study area is one of the large ranges of oak forest in Garhwal Himalaya and compensating various types of daily needs of local people. On the basis of IVI values Quercus leucotrichophora holds first position in all the disturbance zones whereas Myrica esculenta upgraded it's rank in highly disturbed zone and showed less impacted species by disturbance. Berberis aristata and Eupatorium adenophorum in shrub layer and Anaphalis adnata and Bidens pilosa in herb layer were found as disturbance friendly species because they attained higher rank in highly disturbed zone whereas Caryopteris foetida was found disturbance-sensitive in shrub layer. The banj oak regenerated well under mid disturbance as compared to no and high degree of disturbance and a sharp downfall in the species diversity was recorded with increasing magnitude of disturbance. Density-diameter curves showed a reverse trend of lower density in higher girth classes. The results of the study should be useful for the forest management strategies.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.10-18
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• 2004

The urban ecosystem, unlike the natural ecosystem, has been affected by the urban environment, so the existences of normal creatures have been threatened and eventually the stability has declined to consist of those that have adapted to such. Therefore, by creating a list of such organisms, their number of variety can be found out and their ecological distinction can be understood. Because flora is known to be an ecological index reflecting region's effects of human and societal environments, weather, and climates, it is a useful method of finding out the ecological position and distinctiveness of that region. The study site is part of watershed at Yangjae Stream, Kahngnam-ku, Seoul. In this study, the difference of flora in each land use type are investigated by plant identification. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the city's plant surviving environment, and eventually to contribute to the restoration of urban green spaces by finding out the plants which are appropriate for the corresponding environment. After doing the study, it was found that the urban forest is the most stable urban ecosystem while the urban park is seriously disturbed, and ecologically unstable. The urban stream is also disturbed continuously.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제105권4호
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• pp.435-440
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• 2016

경상남도 하동군 옥종면 청룡리 땅밀림 산사태지의 인장균열 형성과 그에 따른 토양 물리성 변화를 조사한 결과, 주 인장균열과 국부적 인장균열의 단차와 절취경사는 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 토양 물리성 변화의 경우에는 토양깊이 31~40 cm의 액상이 유의적 차이를 나타내었다. 한편, 액상은 미교란지와 교란지에서 유의적 차이가 나타났는데, 이는 입지요인에 의한 것으로 판단되다. 따라서 하동군 옥종면의 땅밀림 산사태지에서는 붕괴과정 중 토괴가 일체로 미끄러지며, 단적으로는 토양 물리성 변화도 크게 나타나지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 따라 땅밀림 산사태에 대한 보다 연계성 있는 연구가 진행되어야 할 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.197-212
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• 2017

Objectives: This study aims to supplement the limitations of the preliminary study and expand the use of the Child-Adolescent Functional Assessment Scale by providing standardized T-scores for measuring function in different areas, as well as guidelines for their interpretation. Methods: The Child-Adolescent Functional Assessment Scale and Korean-Child Behavior Checklist were administered to a total of 623 individuals, including 467 parents of emotionally and behaviorally disturbed elementary school students, 45 parents of emotionally and behaviorally disturbed middle school adolescents and 111 parents of elementary school students with developmental disorders, as well as to a control group consisting of 186 parents of mainstream elementary school children in the Seoul metropolitan area. Results: In contrast to the preliminary study, the emotional domain was disassociated into two factors, negative affect and emotion regulation, and the coefficient of determination for misconduct was increased significantly. Also, the overall reliability and validity of the Child-Adolescent Functional Assessment Scale were similar to those in the preliminary study, and the item structure was consistent. This study provides standardized T-scores of function in different areas based on the revised scale, and provides guidelines for their interpretation. Conclusion: The Child-Adolescent Functional Assessment Scale can assist the Child Global Assessment in Functioning in providing the information necessary for case management and treatment planning by comparing the impairment severity in each area of functioning, and also determining changes in behavior and function after treatment interventions. On the other hand, this scale has yet to clearly distinguish between rebellious behavior and misconduct. Further research is necessary to provide standards for more diverse age groups and for its utilization.