• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.78-90
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to explore the direction of developing policies for parks and green spaces for inclusive urban planning and regeneration. By reviewing the status, budget, and laws pertaining to urban parks in Korea, as well as assessing the inclusivity of urban parks, this study revealed the problems and limitations in Korea as follows. First, the urban park system, which takes into account indicators such as park area per capita and green space ratio, is focused only on quantitative expansion. Second, the distribution of urban parks is unequal; hence, the higher the number of vulnerable residents, the lower the quality of urban parks and green spaces. Moreover, this study focused on the UK central government, along with the five local governments, including London, Edinburgh, Cardiff, Belfast, and Liverpool. Through an analysis of the contexts and contents establishing UK park and green space policies that can reduce socioeconomic inequalities while at the same time increase inclusiveness. This study discovered the following. The government's awareness of the necessity of tackling socioeconomic inequalities to make an inclusive society, the change in the urban regeneration policies from physical redevelopment to neighborhood renewal, and the survey and research on the correlation of parks and green spaces, inequality, health, and well-being provided the background for policy establishment. As a result, the creation of an inclusive society has been reflected in the stated goals of the UK's national plan and the strategies for park and green space supply and qualitative improvement. Deprived areas and vulnerable groups have been included in many local governments' park and green space policies. Also, tools for analyzing deficiencies in parks and methods for examining the qualitative evaluation of parks were developed. Besides, for the sustainability of each project, various funding programs have been set up, such as raising funds and fund-matching schemes. Different ways of supporting partnerships have been arranged, such as the establishment of collaborative bodies for government organizations, allowing for the participation of private organizations. The study results suggested five policy schemes, including conducting research on inequality and inclusiveness for parks and green spaces, developing strategies for improving the quality of park services, identifying tools for analyzing policy areas, developing park project models for urban regeneration, and building partnerships and establishing support systems.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.120-146
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• 2001

This study was carried out to provide the essential information in improving the graduate medical education in Korea. For the study, a survey targeting the directors of GME of nationwide teaching hospitals was performed with a questionnaire asking the questions such as the director's perception on the quality of GME, trainees' salary level, trainees' specialty selection tendency, training system and its duration. The collected data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, and $x^2$-test. The results were as follows: 1. The survey were executed on 240 teaching hospitals in Korea and the response rate was 66.2% (159 hospitals replied). 2. The bigger a hospitals is the better in Quality of education. Larger hospitals tend to have better status in all items including medical specialists' experience, contents of medical curriculum, general environment for medical education and medical trainees's salary level. The result supported the general perception on the positive relationship between hospital size and Quality of GMA. 3. Providing convenience for medical trainees who prepares for the medical specialist Qualifying examination didn't affect the results of the examination. 4. The directions of GME have a perception that the trainees give positive impact on financial performance of their hospitals. This seems to be one of the reasons that hospitals try to retain as many trainees as possible. 5. The directors of GME considered medical trainees as an educate, and most of them responded positively on the need of governmental supports for the education cost and the trainee's salary. Considering above results, it seems that GME would get more social attention and the trainees' impact on hospitals operation would be increased more than before. In response to these trends, hospitals would find out the ways to lower dependency on trainees, and this change of attitude of hospitals on the GME would cause problems in operation of hospitals and GME itself. In order to prevent these problems the policy on GME should be directed in following ways. 1. The contents of Qualifying examination for specialist should be improved. 2. The curriculum of GME should be strictly followed. 3. The status of trainee in a hospital has to be defined as eductee. 4. Government has to support a half of the education cost and salary of trainee. 5. The distribution of the trainee among the hospital group have to be based on total available. 6. The financial support and welfare of trainee should be improved gradually and systematically.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.621-630
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• 2013

This study, after education for nursing students through texts on hand washing, PPT materials and practices, will investigated the types of the subjects' attitude toward hand washing and attempt to provide basic data needed for nursing education and nursing practice program. As the methods of this research, Q methodology was applied, and 20 sophomores in the Department of Nursing Science as P-sample from October 8, 2012 to October 15, 2012 were asked to distribute Q-sample of 9-point Q-sample distribution, and the collected data were processed with principal factor analysis method by the PC QUANL program. As a result of the research, their attitude toward hand washing was classified into 3 types. The three factors extracted all had eigenvalues greater than 1.0 and explained approximately 56.67% of the variation in responses 40.41%, 10.14% and 6.11% respectively. Type 1 was the ones with the increased number of hand washing; Type 2 was the ones who recognize the need of hand washing education; and Type 3 was the ones who dry hands after washing. In conclusion, the significance of the classification of the types of the attitude after the hand washing education is that with the development of programmes of nursing education and nursing practice, individualized intervention strategies should be differently provided.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.119-130
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• 2015

In recent years, the attention on the applications of the national or international standards to water-related information technology in practice has more increased. In particular, as the demand on spatial information technology including content development, receiving, disposal and distribution has increased, the importance of standardization has been also emphasized. However, compared with attention and demand on standardization in spatial information technology, studies on development and application of standardization are still at the initial stage. Accordingly, this study attempted to investigate the trends of international standards developed and established by International Organization for Standardization(ISO) and Open Geospatial Consortium(OGC), and to derive the adaptable integrated management standard technology for water hazard information platform. For this, we investigated big data, NoSQL, and cloud technology for the observed data provision. Furthermore, OGC WxS standard technologies for spatial information web service and ISO standards for spatial information format were investigated. Based on these investigations, we examined the strategies and plans to apply and establish the standardization for information provision.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.366-386
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• 1997

This study was conducted to investigate the flora of Mt. Myongji and also to find the distribution characteristecs of rare and endangered plants in this mountain. Field surveys were carride out 21 times from 1991 to 1997. Main results obtained from this study were as follows; 1. Mt. Myougji was covered with Pinus koraiensis and Sarix leptolepis stands at the altitude lower than 600m, and deciduous forests which were consisted of Quercus mongolica, Carpinus sp., Acer sp., Cornus sp., Fracinus sp., etc. occupied at the altitude higher than 600m. Dicentra spectabilis population and Anemone population were remardable, and Adenophora grandiflora and Astilbe chinensis var. davidii with white flowers were found. 2. The vascular plants in Mt. Myoungji were recorded as 677 taxa such as 19 families, 358 genera 576 species 90 varieties 11 forma. Among them. 19 families 31 genera 32 taxa were endemic plants and 27 taxa were naturalized plants. 3. 26 taxa of rare and endangered plants protected by Forestry Administration were found in Mt. Myonfji. Among them, Asarum maculatum. Hanabusaya asiatica, Lilum cernum. Jeffersonia dubia, and Cypripedium japonica populations could be regarded as very important in a biogeraphical aspect. So it is necessary to monitor this area in a long term and to establish the conservation strategies.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.564-577
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• 2017

We investigated whether external environmental factors acted as a trigger for flowering in the draft bamboo (Sasa borealis (Hack.) Makino) blooming area of Mt. Baekwoon located in Gwangyang, South Jeolla Province. We then considered the cause for flowering, flowering patterns and life history strategies of the draft bamboo based on the investigation. There were no differences in soil, physical conditions, and light amount between the draft bamboo flowering and non-flowering areas. The precipitation and temperature of the areas in Korea and Japan where it blossomed from 2014 to 2017 were similar to the normal year values (for the past 30 years). Moreover, most of the draft bamboo died after flowering on a large scale, but some did not, or some culms were developed again. In other words, the draft bamboo bloomed simultaneously regardless of external environmental factors, and most of the culms were dead, but some were left alive. Therefore, it is considered that the flowering is triggered by the specific genes (referred as to clock genes) expressed periodically by a biological clock rather than the external environmental factors. Meanwhile, the draft bamboos generally bloom on a large scale by synchronizing with other ones in the distance but may also bloom several times separately on a small scale. It may be a kind of an insurance system established to disperse the risk of failed sexual propagation when flowering once in a lifetime. The results reveal that the long-period monocarpy of the draft bamboo has been strengthened to optimize the sexual propagation to overcome the increased environmental instability caused by the expansion of distribution of tropical bamboos and bamboo species to the temperate regions.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.372-395
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• 2020

This study aimed to elucidate the distribution of vascular plants in Mt. Goryeo in Ganghwa-gun, Korea. The results of 14 field surveys from March 2018 to August 2019 identified 629 total taxa, representing 568 species, 10 subspecies, 45 varieties, two forms, and four hybrids in 371 genera and 112 families. The plant formation of Mt. Goryeo is the deciduous broad-leaved and conifer mixed forest, which is the common one in the middle part of the Korean Peninsula. Most parts of the mountain are covered with a young secondary forest, mainly composed of Quercus and Pinus spp. Out of the 629 taxa, 314 were first recorded in the region, six were endemic to Korea, four were listed on the Korean Red List of threatened species, 63 were floristic target plants, and 58 were invasive alien plants. The percentages of the naturalized index (NI) and urbanization index (UI) were 9.2% and 15.5%, respectively. The area showed a high plant diversity with many rare plants and phytogeographically important plants. This study discussed in detail conservation strategies to ensure biodiversity and effective management of Mt. Goryeo. The study results can be used as the reference for the preparation of biodiversity conservation and the establishment of management measures.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.17-37
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the global spillover effects through the existence of linear and nonlinear causal relationships between the US, European and BRIC financial markets after the period from the introduction of the Euro, the financial crisis and the subsequent EU debt crisis in 2007~2010. Although the global spillover effects of the financial crisis are well described, the nature of the volatility effects and the spread mechanisms between the US, Europe and BRIC stock markets have not been systematically examined. A stepwise filtering methodology was introduced to investigate the dynamic linear and nonlinear causality, which included a vector autoregressive regression model and a multivariate GARCH model. The sample in this paper includes the post-Euro period, and also includes the financial crisis and the Eurozone financial and sovereign crisis. The empirical results can have many implications for the efficiency of the BRIC stock market. These results not only affect the predictability of this market, but can also be useful in future research to quantify the process of financial integration in the market. The interdependence between the United States, Europe and the BRIC can reveal significant implications for financial market regulation, hedging and trading strategies. And the findings show that the BRIC has been integrated internationally since the sub-prime and financial crisis erupted in the United States, and the spillover effects have become more specific and remarkable. Furthermore, there is no consistent evidence supporting the decoupling phenomenon. Some nonlinear causality persists even after filtering during the investigation period. Although the tail distribution dependence and higher moments may be significant factors for the remaining interdependencies, this can be largely explained by the simple volatility spillover effects in nonlinear causality.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.307-324
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• 2011

The culture industry is viewed as a driving industry in the 21th century. Korea has experienced the rapid growth rate of the cultural industry in terms of sale amounts for the period of 2004-2009. The purposes of this study are to analyze the spatial pattern of the cultural industry and to empirically examine the effect of municipalities' cultural industries on regional economy using SUR model. The major findings are as follows: First, cultural industries are concentrated in the capital region and several metropolitan areas. Secondly, the estimated result of SUR model shows that there is inter-relationship between cultural industry and regional economy. The effect of the cultural industry on GRDP is that the cultural industry increased 1%, GRDP increased by 0.46%. In turn, GRDP increased 1%, cultural industry increased by 0.75%. Thirdly, the elasticity of the cultural industry on GRDP is much higher than that of labor or capital stock, showing that the cultural industry has a more powerful influence on its regional economy. Fourth, the elasticity of the cultural industry on GRDP of Gun is higher than that of shi, indicating that it is rational for Gun to develop strategies to promote competitive power of the cultural Industry for regional economic growth.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.299-303
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• 2004

The number of acute drug intoxication who visiting to emergency department which is located near urban and rural area concomitantly is inclined to increase slightly, The purpose of this study was the investigation of methods and strategies of management of acute drug intoxication in emergency department Clinical trials were done on 92 cases of acute drug intoxication visiting to Emergency Department of Chungnam National University Hospital during 4 months from April to July 2003. 1. The total number of acute drug intoxication during this period was 92 patients, which presented 0.95％ of all the emergency department visiting patients during the study. The intentional ingestions were observed in 84 cases (91.3％). 2. The maximal point of age distribution was 4th decade. The number of that was 21 cases (22.8％). 3. The number of patients who had ingested benzodiazepines and doxylamine succinates was 26 cases (28.2％), organophosphorus was 20 (21.7％), paraquat was 10 (10.8％), others were 36 (39.3％). 4. Five kinds of po1ydrug ingestion was observed in 3 cases, four kinds was observed in 3, three kinds was observed in 5 and co-ingestion of alcohol was observed in 28 cases (30.4％). 5. The mortality was occurred in 4 cases, 2 of them were caused by paraquat, 1 of them was caused by organophosphorus (OP), 1 of them was caused by acetic acid. 6. The gastric larvage as a mean of treatment modality was done in 57 cases (61.9％). The use of activated charcoal was done in 8 (8.69％). The maintenance of tracheal intubation was done in 6 (6.52％). 7. The mean observational period in emergency department was 8 hours 42 minutes in benzodiazepine and doxylamine succinate group, 21 hours 46 minutes in OP, 20 hours 39 minutes in other germicidal except OP, 23 hours 9 minutes in paraquat group. Without a drug information and intoxication center in Korea, We should minimize the exhaustion of medical resources by establishment of determinant criteria which can be seen in relatively less-complicated cases of acute drug intoxication. Thus, we should consider the introduction of simple toxicology treatment protocol and toxicologic observation unit in emergency department as possible means to reduce economical and social burdens.