• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-20
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• 2010

Firm’s social network has been known as an important firm strategy because it could promote technological innovation and also minimize economic uncertainty. In this study, we identify four types of firm’s social network activities such as Collaboration, Manufacturing/Marketing/Distribution Agreements, Financing, and M&A, and analyze how these activities affect firm performance using U.S biotechnology firm data. We found that Manufacturing/Marketing/Distribution Agreements increased firm performance in short-run. Also, collaboration with pharmaceutical and biotechnology firms had a positive effect on firm performance, too. However, collaboration with public institutes or universities had a negative effect on firm performance in short run, which implies its collaboration would be mainly focused on research in pure science area. These empirical results provide two policy implications. First, social network strategy should be encouraged in the Korean biotechnology industry. Secondly, governments should consider developing polices that support collaboration of biotechnology with public institutes or universities, to promote technological innovation.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.5-15
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• 2017

Purpose - This research identified the factors to be considered when CEOs establish small companies and improve their businesses by analyzing the effects of their entrepreneurship and marketing activities on the business performance of small companies and suggested measures to utilize them strategically. Research design, data, and methodology - The research conducted a survey for companies located in Busan, and Gyeongnam area in Korea. To verify the model and hypothesis mentioned above, relevant items were allocated to each variable. Results - the research found that the innovation of entrepreneurship negatively affects formalization and centralization along with the propensity for risk-taking which negatively affects all the characteristics of an organization's structure. It was also found that the pro-activeness which was rejected in the selection and verification of hypothesis is the CEOs characteristics which positively affect all of the organization type are contrary to the initial hypothesis. Conclusions - The results of these efforts will positively contribute toward developing a start-up strategy helpful for small companies CEOs, to change the business environment proactively, to operate their organization efficiently and to develop market-oriented marketing activities and objectives. This research found the role of market-oriented characteristics demanded by the CEO to overcome organizational structure, business innovation and bad business situations.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.1-11
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• 2023

Purpose: This study focuses on developing a structural equation model of variables influencing loyalty to buying and selling food products through e-marketplaces in Thailand. The variables investigated comprised food attributes, online system attributes, marketing innovations, attitudes, and satisfaction. Research design, data and methodology: An online questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample group (200 buyers and 200 sellers) using quota sampling. The data were analyzed using the structural equation model. Results: The developed structural equation model was consistent with the empirical data. Factors in the model could explain 40.1% of the variance in loyalty to buying and selling food products through e-marketplaces. Food attributes and online system attributes influenced satisfaction directly. Online system attributes, market innovation, and attitudes directly influenced loyalty. The developed model had no variation between groups of buyers and sellers. Conclusions: This research demonstrated the causal factors leading to consumer loyalty to buying and selling food products through e-marketplaces. The research findings help e-marketplace providers manage factors of buying and selling to comply with the needs of buyers and sellers, which will increase the number of buyers and sellers, help generate long-term profits for service providers, and increase the country's financial value.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.3546-3552
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• 2009

In this study, an analysis code was created for a 190*650*25-mm (W*H*D) parallel-flow evaporator, and research was done on how to increase the heat transfer rate of aluminum PF heat exchanger for application in IDU. After varying the R410A refrigerant up-down flow to two and three passes and the distribution ratio to 1:1:1 and 1:2:2, it was determined that the two-pass flow has a 30% higher partial heat transfer rate and a 25% lower heat transfer coefficient compared to the three-pass flow. As for the distribution ratios of the three-pass flow, 1:1:1 was found to have a lower refrigerant pressure loss than 1:2:2 distribution. It was assumed, though, that the refrigerant distribution had a uniform flow and that its value was thus overestimated in the actual case of maldistribution in each pass.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.83-93
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• 2017

Purpose - After the transition, the development of defense industry in Eastern Europe has been regressed. Recently, they have internationally recognized that new products have been exported and contributed to the Innovation-Based Manufacturing of national economy such as unmanned reconnaissance aircraft, water purification technology, and mobile chemical laboratory, etc. The military forces in Eastern Europe are re-armed by the localization of self-produced munitions in their own defense industry, and then emphasize fostering their own defense industry. Thus, if they make a collaboration with other nations as a industrial cluster, it will gain a competitive edge on the defense industry. Research design, data, and methodology - The study was designed with the data of each national defense department. The research of the subject was reviewed before and after the transition. Thousands of workers have worked in defense industries before the transition, however, the defense industry and experts left after the transition. The Hungarian defense spending on GDP also dropped sharply from 1.72% in 2000 to 0.85% in 2013. But, due to the crisis in Ukraine and the crisis of Syrian refugees, the Viségrad Group (V4) member countries have also increased their interest in a defense and industries as well as the confidence in the EU and NATO. Results - On the whole, the joint of military training and purchase of defense materials were found in order to form the EU cooperative combat troops in CEE. There are the implementation of a joint manual plan for strengthening V4 security policy and the joint military exercises for V4 every year, and the others are electronic warfare and innovation of V4 national forces. Through such a performance analysis methodology, we found that the defense industry is developed through the national cluster cooperation among CEEs and spreading global distribution. Conclusions - Eastern Europe and Balkan countries have been looking forward to cooperating with the non-EU countries such as Korea and other defense industries. There are a lot of potential development into a new civilian cooperation defense industry for global-distribution. Thus, Korea should develop electronic commercial applications, not just as a weapon exporting region.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

The Italian fashion industry has achieved a remarkable success in the global market with the distinctive features of its industry structure and product quality, and such a system has been subject to many researches. Especially, the retail structure centered on small speciality retail stores rather than the industry structure of medium and small sized companies and department stores is thought to be the most noticeable distinctive feature that differentiates the Italian fashion industry from other countries. This system is thought to be a driving force behind the continuous development and innovation closely associated with the market. In result, As medium and small size companies are the center of the Italian fashion industry, advantages of small companies based on region, that is, flexibility and innovation of medium and small size companies, close cooperation between companies are utilized and it has been progressing closely with the Italian traditional culture and being modernized based on traditional technological skills.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2017

This study looks at optimizinge light redistribution to improve the overall illuminance uniformity of commercial IRED modules. To obtain uniform illumination over a prescribed rectangular area, a freeform surface lens was evaluated using TracePro. The LED light overall illuminance uniformity regulated in KSC 7658 was verified using Relux software. Experimental test results showed 0.81 overall illuminance uniformity for rectangular light distribution of LED lights having a radiation angle of $80^{\circ}$. After fabricating prototype IRED lights based on these simulation results, illuminance performance was observed when used as actual IRED lighting with a nighttime CCTV system. Image observation photographs of the prototype $80^{\circ}$ rectangular IRED lights confirmed that object images can be seen clearly owing to high overall illuminance uniformity, and that dark regions of the CCTV screen were not shown.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.20-36
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• 2013

In this practice article, we present the results of a scenario planning approach that is a hybrid of the three main schools of thought. Our research objective was to study the future of Interactive Digital Media applications such as online music, on-demand television and massively multi-player online role-playing games. Our approach, while essentially qualitative in nature, nevertheless draws from the rigors of the quantitative school in identifying and then tracking the significant dimensions of analysis that emerge over time as strands of events leading to plausible scenarios. Our empirical analysis revealed mapping strands to three themes - ownership, distribution and innovation - which we used in an expert validation exercise to formulate scenarios. We present and discuss the major findings and implications of this empirical investigation. In a nutshell, we conjecture that an open, competitive IDM marketplace with performance safeguards may serve both and lead to a win-win scenario. While there are differences among IDM sectors, a unified approach to regulation and policy would be effective.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.83-102
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• 2023

This study examines the impact of strategic technological innovations (e.g., adoption of fourth industrial revolution (4IR) technologies) on firms' productivity. To estimate the heterogeneous effects of innovation efforts on firms' labor productivity, this paper employs a quantile regression model and calculates higher moments of the empirical distributions. This study uses data from 11,654 Korean firms that responded to surveys in 2017 and 2018, comprising 23,308 observations. Our empirical results find that 4IR technology adoption has a significant impact on labor productivity for firms across all quantiles, while the estimates of 4IR technology adoption coefficient on labor productivity are much larger in upper quantiles. This estimated impact of adopting 4IR technology on labor productivity at the upper quantile differs compared to the estimated impact of another innovation strategy, or internal R&D. Notably, adopting 4IR technology increases the median labor productivity of firms and the kurtosis of its distribution. Thus, firms that adopted 4IR technology show labor productivity gains more consistently than those that did not, with few outliers.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.16
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• pp.59-76
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• 2005

The inner and outer environment surrounding companies becomes more insecure and unpredictable due to sudden changes. Because the change of environment surrounding companies can deeply affect the existence of companies, continuous innovation of organization is required to develope management ability. Also, to conquer insecure present and future of companies effectively, organizations of companies have voluntarily coped with insecurities and intense competitions through endless organization innovation. Externally, globalization, openness, and relaxed regulation intensify competitions; consumers' requests get varied; consciousness of members of organizations have changed. Due to those factors, companies are placed in a situation that they should practice endless inner innovation. Internally, competitive power has weakened due to decline in productivity and inefficiency of indirect parts of company has increased. From those factors, managers increasingly request inner innovation and pursue organization innovation for the purpose of effective usage of extra resources and being prepared for the future. The managers who operate organization innovation think that systematized approach to organization innovation is the most practical, and actually operate the thought. However, the negative side of the thought is not neglectable. To minimize inner and outer resistance and to operate organization innovation successfully, some innovation strategies that properly reflect several issues related to organization innovation should be prepared. Another words, organization innovation should be operated differently by cases that if it focuses on personal perspective or on organization's. For many cases of our country, several techniques of organization innovation have been adopted in a short time and operated without making its original use. Therefore, this study looks into major Issues that should be considered for more successful operation of organization innovation, from both personal aspect and organizational aspect. When considering such aspects and operate organization innovation, there is more possibility to succeed on organization innovation. Now, Korean companies have overcame trial period and reborn as global companies. Take warnings by the ordeal under IMF administration, this is time to secure international competitive power by using developed innovation techniques and transform to superior company. Managers need to recognize that to try successful organization innovation is the shortcut to reborn as competitive company, and should take a continuous and profound search for decisive factors to succeed on organization innovation. To operate successful organization innovation, first, at the step of planning organization. innovation, the company should understand the company's capability, position in market and relationship with competitors. Then, the company should establish a distinguished innovation strategy which is of the whole company's aspect, so that the company can freely choose various technique of organization innovation that suits for the company's capability and needs, and unfold the organization innovation movement. Establishing strategy in the aspect of the total company is very important because it offers clear focus of the purpose of adopt, priority and distribution of resources. Second, at the step of operating organization innovation, the company should define concrete purpose and method to evaluate the results that are expected to obtain by adopting organization innovation in advance. While pushing forward, the company should set proper time of examination(milestone) and inspect if expected results are shown. Third, at the step of afterward management of operating organization innovation, the company requires a thorough afterwards verification if targeted results are obtained and of confirmation of successful or failure factors. Also, the company should cultivate specialists in the company who can accumulate and continuously spread the know-how learned during organization innovation promotion, so the know-how don't remain only in certain departments or to a few people in charge. The company should also give effort to maintain the accumulated innovation techniques to be continued.