• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.244-256
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• 2009

This paper presents multiple watermarking method for the copyright protection and the prevention of illegal copying of mobile 3D contents. The proposed method embeds an unique watermark and a WCA watermark into the spatial and encryption domains of mobile 3D content based on anonymous Buyer-Seller watermarking protocol. The seller generates an unique watermark and embeds it into the distribution of vertex data of 3D content object. After receiving the encrypted watermark from WCA, the seller embeds it into the encrypted vertex data by using operator that satisfies the privacy homo morphic property. The proposed method was implemented using a mobile content tool, Power VR MBX and experimental results verified that the proposed method was capable of copyright protection and preventing illegal copying, as the watermarks were also accurately extracted in the case of geometrical attacks, such as noise addition, data accuracy variation, and data up/down scaling.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.723-735
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• 2018

Indicators to quantitatively assess the physical conditions can help optimize the effectiveness of rehabilitation therapy for stroke patients. The body composition variations in the paretic and non-paretic regions of stroke patients with cerebral infarction (7 males, 31 females) were analyzed using multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance. Specifically, resistance (R), lean mass (LM), fat mass (FM), extracellular water (ECW), intracellular water (ICW), R/LM relation, basal metabolic rate (BMR)/LM relation were utilized to evaluate the paretic and non-paretic regions of subjects with cerebral infarction. These values showed significant differences in gender and paretic/non-paretic regions. R and FM were high but LM and ICW were lower in female and paralysis. ECW was lower in females than males, but there was no considerable difference between paralysis and non-paralysis in both males and females. In addition, there was an inverse distribution between R and LM in paretic and non-paretic regions, with males on the upper left and females on the lower right. Furthermore, the relationship between BMR and LM showed excellent linearity (slope: 22.17 kcal/day/kg) irrespective of gender, paralysis, and non-paralysis. An easy, non-invasive and quantitative assessment using bioelectrical impedance would provide an useful tool for evaluating patients with cerebral infarction receiving rehabilitation therapy.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.343-350
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• 2004

LNGC suffers a great heat inflow during navigation and this heat inflow inevitably boils off the LNG. The boiled off gas(BOG) is normally consumed as a fuel for ship's engine. The boiled off LNG means a loss of cargo during transportation from the viewpoint of shipper. Therefore, a contract between shipper and ship operator is made on the limit of boiled off rate(BOR) under 0.15 ％／day based on laden voyage. This contract on BOR limit requires that ship's officer has a correct knowledge on BOR for his ship. But, in most cases ship is operated based on only officer's experiences. In this study, author presented a simple model to predict the boiled off gas(BOG) during navigation based on the existing precision heat exchange design technology about the heat distribution on the hull and heat inflow from outside through the hull. The BOG is calculated for ballast and laden voyage based on the actual weather conditions and verified by comparing with the measured BOG for the study ship. The study ship is a membrane type LNGC which is now servicing in Middle east route. Thus, the BOG prediction method which is presented in this study is expected to be used for an useful tool to manage the BOG in now servicing LNGC.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2014

The capital city of Himalayan Country Nepal, Kathmandu Valley is surrounded by consecutive high mountains, which limits the air distribution and mixing effects significantly. It in turn generates steady air flow pattern over a year except in monsoon season. The air shed in the Valley is easily trapped by the surrounded mountains and the inversion layer formulated as the cap. The $PM_{10}$ concentration was noticeably higher than the standard level (120 ${\mu}g/m^3$) in urban and suburban area of Kathmandu valley for all seasons except monsoon period. The Valley area experiences similar wind patterns (W, WWS, and S) for a year but the Easterly wind prevails only during the monsoon period. There was low and calm wind blows during the winter season. Because of this air flow structure, the air emission from various sources is accumulated within the valley air, high level of air pollution is frequently recorded with other air polluted cities over the world. In this Valley area, brick kilns are recognized as the major air pollution source followed by vehicles. Mostly Bull Trench Kiln (BKT), Hoffman Kiln and Vertical Shaft Brick Kiln (VSBK) are in operation for brick firing in Kathmandu valley where the fuels such as crushed coal, saw dust, and natural gas are used for processing bricks in this study. Tool for the Reduction and Assessment of Chemical and Other Environmental Impacts (TRACI) was used for screening and quantifying the potential impacts of air emission from firing fuels. The total Environmental Performance Score (EPS) was estimated and the EPS of coal was approximately 2.5 times higher than those of natural gas and saw dust. It is concluded that the crushed coal has more negative impact to the environment and human health than other fuel sources. Concerning the human health and environment point of view, alternative environment friendly firing fuel need to be used for brick industry in the kiln and the air pollution control devices also need to be applied for minimizing the air emissions from the kilns.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.5-30
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• 2002

In this paper, classification feature is selected with focus of musical content, note sequences pattern, and measures similarity between note sequences followed by constructing clusters by similar note sequences, which is easier for users to search by showing the similar note sequences with the search result in the CBMR system. Experimental document was $\ulcorner$A Dictionary of Musical Themes$\lrcorner$, the index of theme bar focused on classical music and obtained kern-type file. Humdrum Toolkit version 1.0 was used as note sequences treat tool. The hierarchical clustering method is by stages focused on four-type similarity matrices by whether the note sequences segmentation or not and where the starting point is. For the measurement of the result, WACS standard is used in the case of being manual classification and in the case of the note sequences starling from any point in the note sequences, there is used common feature pattern distribution in the cluster obtained from the clustering result. According to the result, clustering with segmented feature unconnected with the starting point Is higher with distinct difference compared with clustering with non-segmented feature.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.471-485
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• 2010

VaR is used extensively as a tool for risk management by financial institutions. For convenience, the normal distribution is usually assumed for the measurement of VaR, but recently the method using extreme value theory is attracted for more accurate VaR estimation. So far, GEV and GPD models are used for probability models of EVT for the VaR estimation. In this paper, the PP model is suggested for improved VaR estimation as compared to the traditonal EV models such as GEV and GPD models. In view of the stochastic process, the PP model is regarded as a generalized model which include GEV and GPD models. In the empirical analysis, the PP model is shown to be superior to GEV and GPD models for the performance of VaR estimation.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.315-323
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• 2009

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus exists in seven serotypes and is known to be a highly contagious disease that is hard to eradicate from the world. The O, A, Asia1 and SAT2 serotypes commonly infected cattle, sheep and goats during 2007~2009 throughout the world. In particular, the outbreak of the Asia1 serotype in China appeared in all areas from 2005 and is still present. Surprisingly, in 2009, Taiwan reported the first outbreak of the type O serotype since 2001. Then type A appeared in China for the first time since the early 1960s. The virus shows a close relationship to the viruses from Southeast Asia suggesting one or more recent introductions into China in the OIE reports. Recently the subtype of A/Iran05 spread to nearby countries exhibiting genomic evolution. The use of molecular epidemiology is an important tool in understanding and consequently controlling the FMD virus. The phylogenetic analysis with VP1 gene was especially useful for molecular epidemiological studies and showed the same pattern which matches with serotype classification. This paper describes basic information about the disease, and the serotype-specific characteristics and evolution to perform molecular epidemiological analysis. Furthermore, we show the importance of the genetic evolution on the FMD serotypes in global surveillance and molecular epidemiology of FMD for outbreak investigation.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.253-261
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• 2012

In order to make dental implant surgery successful, it is important to perform proper planning for dental implant placement. In this paper, we propose a decent approach to dental implant placement planning based on geometric processing of 3D models of jawbones, a nerve curve and neighboring teeth around a missing tooth. Basically, the minimum enclosing cylinders of the neighboring teeth around the missing tooth are properly used to determine the position and direction of the implant placement. The position is computed according to the radii of the cylinders and the center points of their top faces. The direction is computed by the weighted average of the axes of the cylinders. For a cylinder whose axis passes the position along the direction, its largest radius and longest length are estimated such that it does not interfere with the neighboring teeth and the nerve curve, and they are used to select the size and type of an implant fixture. From the geometric and spatial information of the jawbones, the teeth and the fixture, we can construct the 3D model of a surgical guide stent which is crucial to perform the drilling operation with ease and accuracy. We have shown the validity of the proposed approach by performing the finite element analysis of the influence of implant placement on bone stress distribution. Adopted in 3D simulation of dental implant placement, the approach can be used to provide dental students with good educational contents. It is also expected that, with further work, the approach can be used as a useful tool to plan for dental implant surgery.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.79-89
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• 2004

Remote sensing technique is a probable means to estimate distribution of actual evapotranspiration in connection with regional characteristics of vegetation and landuse. The factors controlling evapotranspiration from ground surface are air temperature, humidity, wind, radiation, soil moisture and so on. Not only the vegetation influences directly the evapotranspiration, but also these factors strongly influences the vegetation growth at the area. Therefore, it can be expected that evapotranspiration is highly correlated to vegetation condition. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) showed excellent ability to get the vegetation information. The NDVI is obtained using NOAA/AVHRR have been studied as a tool for vegetation monitoring. In this paper, a simple method to estimate actual avapotranspiration is proposed based on vegetation and meteorological data.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• v.4 no.5
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• pp.515-528
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• 2017

Since composite structures are widely used in structural engineering, delamination in such structures is an important issue of research. Delamination is one of a principal cause of failure in composites. In This study the electrical potential (EP) technique is applied to detect and locate delamination in basalt fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) laminate composite pipe by using electrical capacitance sensor (ECS). The proposed EP method is able to identify and localize hidden delamination inside composite layers without overlapping with other method data accumulated to achieve an overall identification of the delamination location/size in a composite, with high accuracy, easy and low-cost. Twelve electrodes are mounted on the outer surface of the pipe. Afterwards, the delamination is introduced into between the three layers (0º/90º/0º)s laminates pipe, split into twelve scenarios. The dielectric properties change in basalt FRP pipe is measured before and after delamination occurred using arrays of electrical contacts and the variation in capacitance values, capacitance change and node potential distribution are analyzed. Using these changes in electrical potential due to delamination, a finite element simulation model for delamination location/size detection is generated by ANSYS and MATLAB, which are combined to simulate sensor characteristic. Response surfaces method (RSM) are adopted as a tool for solving inverse problems to estimate delamination location/size from the measured electrical potential changes of all segments between electrodes. The results show good convergence between the finite element model (FEM) and estimated results. Also the results indicate that the proposed method successfully assesses the delamination location/size for basalt FRP laminate composite pipes. The illustrated results are in excellent agreement with the experimental results available in the literature, thus validating the accuracy and reliability of the proposed technique.