• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.735-742
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• 2008

낙동강 유역에 위치한 산업폐수종말처리장에서 채집한 폐수슬러지 시료와 부산 지역 하수처리장에서 채집된 하수슬러지시료를 대상으로 19종의 염화페놀류와 미국 환경보호청(US EPA)에서 우선 오염물질로 지정한 16종의 PAHs를 분석하여 농도 실태 및 분포 특성을 확인하고자 하였다. 분석결과 PAHs는 1.28$\sim$44.9 mg/kg dry wt.의 범위를 보였으며 대부분의 슬러지 시료에서 선행연구와 비슷하거나 낮은 농도를 보였지만 I5와 S4 시료의 경우 매우 높은 농도로 검출되어 슬러지의 종류 및 폐수 발생원에 따라 차이를 보이는 것을 알 수 있었다. 염화페놀류는 213$\sim$3,850 $\mu$g/kg dry wt.로 검출되었으며, 폐수슬러지에서 더 높은 농도로 나타났다. 특히 공단처리수가 하수와 같이 유입되는 하수슬러지 시료의 경우 폐수슬러지와 비슷한 농도수준을 보여 하수보다는 폐수에 의해 이들 물질의 농도가 영향을 받는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 슬러지의 종류에 따른 PAHs와 염화페놀류의 분포패턴을 파악하기 위해 주성분분석 및 군집분석을 실시하였다. 폐수슬러지의 경우 폐수가 배출되는 산업의 종류에 따라 서로 다른 분포패턴을 보였지만 하수슬러지는 비교적 유사한 분포패턴을 보였다. 식품산업이 대부분을 차지하는 I6 폐수슬러지 시료의 경우 하수슬러지와 유사한 분포패턴을 보여 폐수 발생원에 의한 영향을 많이 받는 것을 알 수 있었다. 하수슬러지에서 PAHs는 선행연구와 마찬가지로 phenanthrene, pyrene, fluoranthene이 상대적으로 높은 조성비(30.8$\sim$50.7%)를 보였으며, 염화페놀류는 2-chlorophenol이 36.0$\sim$66.8%의 높은 비율로 나타났다.

• 전자공학회논문지S
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• 제35S권8호
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• pp.96-105
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• 1998

본 논문에서는 화자 독립 연속 숫자음 인식 시스템의 성능향상을 위하여 MLP-VQ (Multi-Layer Perceptron-Vector Quantizer)를 이용한 가중 DHMM(WDHMM : Weighted Discrete Hidden Markov Models)을 제안한다. MLP 신경망의 출력분포는 입력 패턴과 학습 패턴들간의 비선형 매핑을 통해 각 패턴들간의 유사도를 나타내는 확률분포를 갖는다. 본 논문에서는 MLP 신경망의 출력분포중 가장 높은 출력 값을 갖는 MLP 신경망의 출력 노드를 인덱스를 이용하여 코드워드를 생성하는 MLP-VQ를 제안하였다. 제안된 MLP-VQ는 기존의 VQ에 비해 현재 입력패턴과 학습된 각 class 패턴들간의 유사성 정도를 인식모델을 반영할 수 있는 특징을 갖는다. 또한 MLP 신경망의 출력분포를 DHMM의 심벌 발생 확률의 가중치로 이용하는 가중 DHMM보다는 음소 클래스간의 관계를 인식모델에 반영할 수 있기 때문에 적은 계산양의 증가로 인식기의 성능을 14.71%개선할 수 있었다. 실험결과에 의하면, MLP-VQ와 WDHMM에 의한 화자독립 연결 숫자음 인식율은 84.22%이다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.2765-2769
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• 2013

Background: A close association between patterns identified by magnifying narrow-band imaging (M-NBI) and histological type has been described. M-NBI patterns were also recently reported to be related to the mucin phenotype; however, detials remain unclear. Materials and Methods: We investigated the cellular differentiation of gastric cancer lesions, along with their mucosal distribution observed by M-NBI. Ninety-seven depressed-type early gastric cancer lesions (74 differentiated and 23 undifferentiated adenocarcinomas) were visualized by M-NBI. Findings were divided into 4 patterns based on abnormal microvascular architecture: a chain loop pattern (CLP), a fine network pattern (FNP), a corkscrew pattern (CSP), and an unclassified pattern. Mucin phenotypes were judged as gastric (G-type), intestinal (I-type), mixed gastric and intestinal (M-type), and null (N-type) based on 4 markers (MAC5AC, MUC6, MUC2, and CD10). The relationship of each pattern of microvascular architecture with organoid differentiation indicated by cancer cell differentiation and its distribution in each histological type of early gastric cancer was investigated. Results: All CLP and FNP lesions were differentiated. The cancer cell distribution showed organoid differentiation in 84.2% (16/19) and 61.1% (22/36) of the two types of lesions, respectively, and there was a significant difference from the unclassified pattern with organoid differentiation (p<0.001). Almost all (94.7%; 18/19) CSP lesions were undifferentiated, and organoid differentiation was observed in 72.2% (13/18). There was a significant difference from the unclassified pattern with organoid differentiation (p<0.05). Conclusions: Cellular differentiation and distribution are associated with microvascular architecture observed by M-NBI.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.60-74
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• 2007

해양환경의 시공간적 분포 패턴을 정량적으로 분석하기 위해 남해 광양만 해양환경 관측 자료를 이용하여 글로벌 및 국지적 공간자기상관 통계를 적용하였다. 연구지역 전체의 해양환경 분포 패턴을 이해하기 위해 Moran's I, General G와 같은 글로벌 공간자기상관 지수를 사용하였으며, 대상 피쳐(feature)와 이웃 피쳐들과의 유사성 정도를 측정하고 hot spot 및 cold spot을 탐지하기 위해 국지적 Moran's I ($I_i$), $G_i{^*}$와 같은 LISA(local indicators of spatial association)를 사용하였고, 공간 군집 패턴의 신뢰성은 Z-score를 통한 통계적 유의성 검증을 수행하였다. 공간 통계 결과를 통해 년 중 해양환경 공간분포 패턴의 변화를 정량적으로 알 수 있었는데, 일반 해양수질, 영양염, 클로로필 및 식물플랑크톤은 여름철에 강한 군집 패턴을 보였다. 글로벌 지수에서 강한 군집 패턴을 보였을 때 속성 값의 공간적인 변화가 심한 음적 $I_i$ 값을 가지는 전선지역이 탐지되었다. 또한, 글로벌 지수에서 임의적 패턴을 보였을 때 국지적 지수인 $G_i{^*}$에서는 좁은 지역에서 hot spot과(또는) cold spot이 탐지되었다. 따라서 글로벌 지수는 연구 지역 전체 군집 패턴의 강도와 시계열적 변화 과정 탐지에, 국지적 지수를 통해서는 hot spot과 cold spot 위치 추적에 유용함을 알 수 있었다. 해양환경 공간분포 패턴과 군집 특성을 정량화는 것은 해양환경을 보다 깊이 이해할 수 있도록 할 뿐 아니라, 패턴의 원인을 찾는데도 중요한 역할을 할 것이다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2000년도 추계종합학술대회 논문집(4)
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• pp.69-72
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• 2000

This study proposes a new calculation method for generating real nighttime lamp-lit images. In order to improve the color appearance in the prediction of a nighttime lamp-lighted scene, the lamp-lit image is synthesized based on spectral distribution using the estimated local spectral distribution of the headlamps and the surface reflectance of every object. The principal component analysis method is introduced to estimate the surface color of an object, and the local spectral distribution of the headlamps is calculated based on the illuminance data and spectral distribution of the illuminating headlamps. HID and halogen lamps are utilized to create beam patterns and captured road scenes are used as background images to simulate actual headlamp-lit images on a monitor. As a result, the reproduced images presented a color appearance that was very close to a real nighttime road image illuminated by single and multiple headlamps.

• 대한인간공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한인간공학회 1995년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.55-61
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• 1995

We spend about 40% of lifte time on a bed and seek how such amount of time is spent comfort. Bed comfort has been pursuited. The pressure distributions on a bed by body pressure has been considered as one of the most important factors of bed comfort. This study is to quantify the subjective assessment by the body pressure distribution and develop the objective evaluation method of bed comfort. A new measurement system for body pressure on a bed was developed in this study. The thin film pressure sensor (FSR: Force Sensing Resistor) of an elastomer-type was used to prevent the distortion of contact pressure. The pressure distribution is measured by FSR and displayed on the monitor by color-coded contour patterns. Some of the bed test results were described. And the relations between body pressure distribution and bed comfort were evaluated.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.40-45
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• 2010

In order to establish the electric distribution system economically and operate efficiently, it becomes important to calculate energy losses of the system more accurately. This importance is not only related for the engineering of utilities' power network but also for the consumers' electric system. The Distribution Loss Factor (DLF) is the fundamental element of calculating the energy losses occurred through the electric system including the electric lines and equipments. Up to now, the DLF is calculated by empirical formulas using the correlation between the DLF itself and Load Factor. However, these methods have some limitations to reflect the various characteristics of the system and the load. In this regard, the novel method proposed here is developed to yield more accurate result of DLF which actively interacting with the characteristics and load patterns of the system. The improvement of accuracy is very significant according to the results of verification presented at the end of this paper.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.730-735
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• 2012

This paper presents a method to design the waveform of a back electromotive force (back EMF) of an axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) motor using printed circuit board (PCB) windings. When the magnetization distribution of permanent magnet (PM) is given, the magnetic field in the air gap region is calculated by the quasi three dimensional (3D) space harmonic analysis (SHA) method. Once the flux density distribution in the winding region is determined, the required shape of the back EMF can be obtained by adjusting the winding distribution. This can be done by modifying the distance between patterns of PCB to control the harmonics in the winding distribution. The proposed method is verified by finite element analysis (FEA) results and it shows the usefulness of the method in eliminating a specific harmonic component in the back EMF waveform of a motor.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.240-248
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• 2009

Distribution and abundance of planktonic shrimps were studied in the southern sea of Korea from 1987 to 1991. Nine species of five genera belonging to three families were identified. Of these, Leptochela sydniensis and Lucifer intermedius were predominant species and Lucifer penicilifer and Lucifer typus were common species. Remaining five species, Acetes chinensis, Leptochela gracilis, Lucifer chacei, Process wheeleri and Sergestes similis occurred sporadically and rarely. The distribution pattern of planktonic shrimps varied with species and sampling periods. L. intermedius occurred abundantly along inshore waters. L. penicilifer and L. typus appeared in both inshore and offshore waters, but more abundantly in offshore waters under influence of the Tsushima Current. In conclusion, the distribution patterns of planktonic shrimps may be related with hydrographic characteristics and seasonality in the southern sea of Korea.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2008년도 International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.119-121
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• 2008

Pattern matching is increasingly being employed in various researches as health care service, RFID-based system, facility management, and surveillance. Geosensor filter correlates a data stream to match specific patterns in distribution environments. In this paper, we present a geosensor query language to represent efficiently declarative geosensor query. Geosensor operators are proposed to use for fast query processing in terms of spatial and temporal area in distribution environments. We also propose a geosensor filter to match new query predicates into incoming stream predicates. Our filter can reduce the volume of transmission data and save power consumption of sensors. It can be utilized the stream data mining system to process in real-time various data as location, time, and geosensor information in distribution environments.