• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권12호
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• pp.51-61
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• 2021

If one is looking for an organization that will be responsive to community needs, stimulate economic growth, and raise people's income, cooperatives should be an obvious choice (Calkins & Ngo, 2005; Larocque et al., 2002). This paper investigates whether the households' income is affected by the access to cooperatives for the case of Phong Dien district, Can Tho city of Vietnam. Data used are directly collected from 250 households that are both participating (120 observations) and not participating in the cooperatives in Truong Long, Tan Thoi, Nhon Ai and Nhon Nghia communes. By using the Probit model, the findings show that there are three statistically significant factors affecting the ability of farm households to participate in the cooperatives at the 1 percent level including land area, distance to market center, and education level. In addition, the PSM model analysis suggests that the average income of cooperative members is significantly higher than that of non-members, about 40.880 million VND/year at the significance level of 1 percent. The empirical results imply that being a cooperative member is a significant contributory factor toward an increase in household income. Based on the research findings, several recommendations to improve the households' income are proposed.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권10호
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• pp.227-234
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• 2022

The proportion of people living in poverty in Soc Trang is comparatively large. 27,154 households in this province are considered to be poor, which represents 8.4 percent of all households. The gap between rural and urban areas, between farmers and other social classes in this province, tends to increase, and the living standard of people in the countryside remains difficult. This paper aims to investigate the determinant factors of poor households' income in rural areas of Soc Trang province, Vietnam. Data from 120 poor households in Vinh Chau district and Ke Sach district of Soc Trang province collected in the year 2019 is employed to test the proposed hypotheses in this study. By applying the descriptive statistical method and ordinary least squares (OLS) regression, the results show that the factors of production land, number of income generation activities, access to credit, means of transportation, and means of production positively affect the income per capita of poor household in the study area, whereas household size has a negative impact on the household income per capita. Considering the empirical findings, several solutions and recommendations are proposed to improve the income of poor households in Soc Trang province.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.245-252
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• 2022

This study examines the strength of the impact of fiscal policy tools on economic wellbeing as measured by per capita income in Malaysia from 1996 to 2020. The impact of fiscal policy instruments on economic wellness, represented by real income per capita, is measured using the autoregressive distributed lags model. The speed of adjustment from short-run disequilibrium to long-run equilibrium is also measured to assess the strength of the fiscal instruments' impact on per capita income. Empirical results exhibit the existence of co-integration relationships between per capita income, tax revenue, and government spending. The findings provide strong support for the presence of a long-run positive impact on government spending and a long-run negative impact of tax revenue on per capita income. The coefficient of ECT_t-1 indicates that deviations from a short-run disequilibrium to a long-run equilibrium from the current to the future period are corrected with a speed of 76% (equivalent to a duration of 1.5-2 years to return to equilibrium). The practical and policy implication of the results is fiscal instruments play a significant role, mainly in alleviating the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the long run.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.257-265
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• 2023

This paper investigates the determinants of credit accessibility and the effect of credit on the income of farm households borrowing from Vietnam Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development, Giong Rieng District Branch, Kien Giang Province. Based on the primary data of 200 farming households who are the customer of the bank, the study applied the Probit regression model to examine determinant factors of credit accessibility of farm households and employed the Propensity score matching method to investigate the impact of credit on households' income. The findings of the Probit regression shown that three independent variables that significantly influence the access to credit of households are household size, income source, and farm size. Besides that, the Propensity score matching method results showed a difference of 23.799 million VND/year between the income of borrowing households and that of non-borrowing households at the significance level of 1%. The difference in the imcome from the interval and central matching methods are VND 24.700 million VND/year and VND 24.633 million VND/year, respectively. Given empirical findings suggetsted that several recommendations to increase the credit accessibility of farm households, thereby creating favorable conditions for improving their income.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.55-88
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• 2003

LIS 기준의 소득개념과 방법론을 이용하여 계산된 한국의 가처분소득 기준의 소득불평등도(지니계수)는 1996년에 0.298, 2000년에 0.358로 나타나 소득불평등도가 외환위기 전후로 상당히 상승되었다. 이러한 가처분소득 기준의 불평등도는 다른 OECD국가에 비하여 1996년경에는 중간보다 약간 높은 수준이었으나 2000년에는 미국, 멕시코와 함께 상당히 높은 수준의 그룹에 속하고 있다. 한편 정부의 소득재분배기능이 작동하기 이전의 소득, 즉 정부로부터의 공전이전지출과 조세납부 이전 소득인 시장소득 기준의 불평등도는 1996년(0.302)에 비해 2000년(0.374)에 역시 상승하기는 하였으나 양자 모두 OECD국가 중에서는 중간이하의 수준을 보이고 있다. 또한 한국은 OECD국가에 비하여 시장소득과 가처분소득의 불평등도 차이가 아주 적은 것이 특징으로 나타나고 있는데, 이는 기본적으로 외국에 비하여 국민연금제도 등 공적연금제도의 미성숙에 기인한 것으로 파악되고 있다. 한편 빈곤율 역시 국제비교시에 외환위기 전후로 타국에 비하여 상당히 상승하여 2000년에 OECD국가 중 높은 수준을 보이고 있다.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제54권
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• pp.321-345
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• 2003

오늘날 개인이 소득을 획득하는 주된 원천은 노동시장이지만, 가구 내에서의 재분배나 사적 이전, 공적 이전 또한 개인에게 소득을 제공하는 소득원이다. 이 연구는 개인 소득의 안정성이 가족 국가 공동체라는 소득원에 따라 어떻게 변화하는가를 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이러한 분석은 사회복지의 제공주체들이 제각기 작동시키는 사회복지의 논리와 그 결합구조를 파악하려는 시도의 하나라는 점에서 중요할 뿐 아니라, 지금까지 주로 분석되어 오지 않았던 사회보장제도의 또 다른 목표, 즉 소득안정성에 초점을 맞추고 있다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 분석결과 가구 구성의 안정성은 개인이 소득의 안정성을 확보하는데 매우 중요한 역할을 수행하고 있으며, 사적 이전과 공적 이전은 가족으로부터 소득 안정성을 확보하기가 상대적으로 어려운 인구집단에게 특히 유용한 것으로 나타났다. 그러므로 소득의 안정화를 위한 공동체나 국가의 역할은 노동시장의 유연화와 가구 구성의 안정성 약화가 지속적으로 가속화되고 있는 현 시점에서 매우 크다고 할 수 있다.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.52-60
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• 2016

This study attempts to measure the financial performance of the food distribution company. In order to achieve the goal, this study have measured the ratios of ROE, ROA applying the DuPont analysis, which have been demonstrated with tables to show the change periodically. DuPont analysis is based on analysis of Return on Equity (ROE) & Return on Investment (ROI). The return on equity disaggregate performance into three components: Net Profit Margin, Total Asset Turnover, and the Equity Multiplier. The return on investment consists of Assets Turnover (Operating Income${\times}$Total Assets) and Profit Margin (EBIT${\times}$Operating Income). From the study it if found that Hyundae Green Food's Financial performance is high followed by Foodmerce and then Dongwon home food and Lotte Food. The four companies are significant at their level. In conclusion, ROE & ROI is the most comprehensive measure of profitability of a firm. It considers the operating and investing decisions can be made as well as the financing and their leverage-related decisions.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.85-122
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• 2001

This study compared and analyzed the effect of income-redistribution, collecting data on the basis of the estimated details of insurance contribution and individual money wage lists for each one year before and after the combination of medical insurance program for industrial workers, by systematic sampling, extracting 4,160 families(14,764 people) among people applied to medical insurance program for self employees in Taegu City on the basis of Oct. 1st in 1998 with 227 associations of medical insurance program for self employees and medical insurance program for government employees and private school teachers combined, comparing the effect of income redistribution of before and after the combination of medical insurance program for self employees. The insurance contribution by household after the combination of medical insurance program for self employees showed the increase rate of average 20.9%, among them households of 68.8% increased and 31.2% decreased. The effect of income-redistribution was more positive because the degree of inequality was more deepened from 0.64 of the before-combination to 0.45 of the after-one in decile distribution ratio, from 0.26 to 0.34 in Gini -coefficient. Decile distribution ratio on the basis of insurance benefits by household was from 0.09 in the before-combination to 0.14 in the after-one, Gini-coefficient from 0.16 in the before-combination to 0.57 in the after-one was a little lowered. And decile distribution ratio of insurance benefits on the basis of insurance contribution was higher from 1.08 in the before-combination to 1.23 in the after-one, concentration index was a little lowered from 0.14 to 0.11, the effect of income-redistribution was improved in the phase of insurance benefits. The income-transfer rate of medical insurance program for self employees (the occupied rate of insurance benefits/ the occupied rate of insurance contribution) showed a lower trend in all of the before and after-combination towards upper classes, it was known that the income-transfer rate was higher from 1st degree to 7th degree in the after-combination in comparison with the before-one, but the effect of income¬redistribution was high because the income-transfer rate was lowered from 8th degree to 10th degree. The rate of medical insurance benefits (insurance benefits/ insurance contribution) increased from 0.79 in the before-combination to 1.07 in the after-one, and showed over 1.0 under 3th degree before the combination, but all of it was higher than 1.0 under 7th degree after the combination, the after-combination was more improved than the before-one in view of the rate of insurance benefits. As the result of above, on the basis of Oct. 1st in 1998 that 227 associations of medical insurance program for self employees was combined into one, we could say that the equality of imposing medical insurance contribution was more re-considered in the after-combination than in the before-one. But this study analyzed with classes divided, anyway, on the basis of insurance contribution, we have limit in explaining the correct effect of income-redistribution, because it was not analyzed according to classes of income, though it helps to analogize the effect of income-redistribution. So there must be analysis about the effect of income-redistribution, on the basis of the system, building up the system to grasp the correct income of the insureds of medical insurance program for self employees.

• 한국사회정책
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.17-47
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• 2016

이 글은 노동시간의 소득계층별 차이와 분포 및 추이를 드러내고 정책적 함의를 도출한다. 노동시간을 주변적시간제, 시간제, 표준노동시간, 장시간으로 구분하고 소득분위별 상대분포를 비교한 결과, 소득 하위 20%는 주변적시간제 내지 시간제일자리에, 소득 2분위에서 4분위까지 60% 가량이 장시간 노동에, 상위 20%는 표준시간노동에 종사하였다. 한국의 노동시간은 단시간-저소득의 유형I, 장시간-중위소득의 유형II, 표준시간-고소득의 유형III으로 계층화된다. 노동시간 유형에 대한 패널 다항로짓 분석결과 월평균 임금을 기준으로 저임금-단시간, 중위임금-장시간, 고임금-표준시간의 유형이, 시간당 임금을 기준으로 저임금-초장시간, 중위임금-장시간, 고임금-표준시간 유형이 확인되었다. 시간당임금 및 월임금, 비정규직 비율, 직업군, 연령대를 중심으로 노동시간의 계층화가 심화되었다. 소득 하위 20%에 대해서는 최저임금 인상, 중위소득 60%를 포함한 다수의 노동자에 대해서는 노동시간 단축을 통한 고용창출이 유효한 전략이 될 수 있다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.387-401
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• 2019

본 논문은 개방경제 체제하에서 우리나라의 임금소득과 자본소득이 소득불평등에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위한 것이다. 공적분추정에 의한 실증분석 결과에 의하면 우리나라의 경우 임금소득과 자본소득이 장단기적으로 소득불평등에 미치는 영향이 상반되며, 자본소득보다 임금소득에 의한 영향이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 자본소득이 소득불평등에 미치는 영향이 작은 것은 그 동안 자본시장이 지속적으로 확대되어 왔음에도 불구하고 대부분의 해외자본이 국내에서 직접적으로 생산 활동에 참여하지 않았기 때문인 것으로 보인다. 또한, 개방화는 장단기 모두 소득불평등을 악화시키는 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 우리나라의 경우 소득불평등을 개선하기 위해서는 임금소득을 효율적으로 분배할 수 있는 체계의 구축이 필요하다 하겠다. 그리고 개방화의 확대에 따라 야기되는 소득불평등의 악화를 해소하기 위해서는 수출산업의 전후방 파급경로를 재구축하여 소득분배를 개선하는데 활용할 필요가 있다 하겠다.