• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.15-24
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• 2021

Purpose: This study deals with the strategic direction of platform business in the 4th Industrial Revolution. In a changing industrial environment, companies that leverage platform businesses can benefit greatly. Platform business is especially important in the distribution industry, so a variety of case analysis studies are needed. In this study, the Shinsegae Group, a platform leader, was selected and case-analyzed to learn more about the growth and development of platform businesses in the distribution industry. Research design, data and Methodology: Various literature research on platform business and secondary data of the distribution industry were reviewed. In this study, additionally, the interview method was used to discuss the development of more platform businesses through the Shinsegae and E-mart related departments. Results: This study investigated the development process and success of distribution platforms. First, a successful platform business builds multi distribution channels. Second, a successful distribution platform business attracts many participants. Third, a successful distribution develops various private label products to build a sustainable platform system. Conclusions and Implications: This study could provide a good example for the growth of companies with distribution platform business. Further implications were discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.77-84
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to derive implications by comparing the spatial distribution of each service facility per unit population(1,000 people) with population decline areas. For this purpose, major concepts such as living infrastructure services, Spatial Distribution of Rural Living Service Facilities, areas of declining population, and regional extinction were reviewed and trends in prior research. Based on the literature review, 'Spatial Distribution of Rural Living Service Facilities' analysis criteria were set, and it was derived by 'the number of facilities per 1,000 population by township' using population data and rural space data. And the trend of each service sector was identified and implications were derived with 89 cities and counties in 'depopulation areas' suggested by the Ministry of Public Administration and Security. The derived implications are as follows. In the medical, leisure, and sports infrastructure sectors, 'rural areas with few service facilities per unit population' and 'depopulated areas' tended to coincide. In addition, the distribution characteristics of rural and urban areas differed by sector, which is judged to depend on the inclusion of rural facilities and population density.

• Educational Technology International
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.137-168
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• 2019

This study examined the effects of information volume and distribution on learners' cognitive load and recall in a mobile augmented reality (AR) environment. Information volume refers to the degree of information users are provided in a learning task, while information distribution indicates the way in which information is distributed, either in a virtual or real format. Sixteen undergraduate students participated in the study, which employed a 2 × 3 randomized block factorial design with repeated measures. Information volume and distribution were independent variables, and factors in learners' cognitive load (mental effort, perceived ease of use, and perceived task difficulty) and recall test scores were the dependent variables. Information volume had significant main effects on perceived ease of use and task difficulty, and recall test scores, while information distribution had significant main effects on perceived task difficulty and test scores. A detailed discussion and implications are provided.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.35-41
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• 2021

Purpose: Research on the development of distribution channels and the strategy will help businesses develop competitiveness in the market. At the same time, the excellent effect of distribution channels and the outstanding implementation of business strategies will help optimize firm performance. Therefore, this study helps to evaluate the influence of distribution channels, and strategy factors on the performance of FDI enterprises in Vietnam. Research design, data, and methodology: Research using quantitative method with PLS-SEM model based on 210 samples using Smart-PLS3. software. The survey subjects are corporate managers who understand the strategies, distribution channels, and performance in Vietnamese FDI enterprises. Results: The analysis results show that strategy factors have a positive effect on firm performance, and distribution channel also has a positive impact on firm performance. This result also indicates that distribution channels activity as an intermediary between strategy and firm performance. Conclusion: The study also gives some policy implications on strategy and distribution channels to improve firm performance. The strategic implementation of finance, human resources, risk, innovation, and diversification of distribution channels are implications for improving firm performance in FDI enterprises. In addition, the research has contributed to the relationship between the distribution channels and firm performance.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.97-125
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• 2015

In this study, we tried to evaluate the relative importance and find out the differences in consumer perceptions regarding service recovery strategies and the service provider in the distribution industry by using AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) analysis method. Therefore in this study, we tried to systematize various recovery strategies which were considered very important during service failure process in the distribution industry and analyze the relative importance for each recovery strategy. We set hierarchy composed of four items of monetary, action-oriented, psychological, and assured level as primary selection criteria and a total of 16 items(indemnity, refund, gift, gift certificate, prompt resolution, exchange, manager support, explanation, apology, empathy, acknowledge, kindness, assortment, after service, manage subcontractor, manage employee) as secondary selection criteria. We tried to take one step further from the service sector and study service recovery strategies specialized in distributor services. This study suggests various implications about service recovery strategies of distributors. First, this study can provide practical implications - e.g. service recovery efforts should be applied differently depending on service channels. There is a perceptual difference with respect to the importance of the types of service recovery strategies between service provider and final customer. Second, we can find theoretical implications in terms of identifying the priorities through hierarchy design of new recovery strategies and comparison of each element from the classifications of the current fractional recovery strategies. We hope to help service providers to build more efficient recovery strategy system based on the results of this study.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.61-73
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• 2016

Purpose - Marketing scholars have developed various types of mathematical models for describing marketing phenomenon, because there is no single model comprehensive enough to incorporate all the relevant marketing phenomena. This study tries to summarize the behavioral foundations and the mathematical derivations of the most widely used marketing models and discusses their strategic implications. This study selected four representative marketing models: multinomial logit(MNL) model, elimination-by-aspects(EBA) model, Hauser and Shugan model and Bass diffusion model. Especially, this study focuses on Hauser and Shugan(1983)'s Defender model and discusses the model's behavioral foundation and its implications. Research design, data, and methodology - Of the four selected model, the multinomial logit model is selected as the basic normative model and the other three models are described as descriptive models in contrast. Starting the discussion from the multinomial logit model, this study explains what important strategic variables are incorporated in each of the four models. The IIA(independence of irrelevant alternatives) axiom and Luce choice model is also discussed in relation to the multinomial logit model. The concept of 'efficient frontier' is discussed in relation to Hauser and Shugan's model. Graphs and tables are used to represent the key implications. No empirical study is included. Results - The analyses of the mathematical marketing models are shown to be very useful in understanding the essence of positioning strategy. The multinomial logit model implies the importance of increasing utility or consumer preference level. The EBA model implies the importance of lowering the inter-brand similarity and dominating the competitors. Hauser and Shugan model implies the importance of considering customer heterogeneity distribution in selecting the target market. Conclusions - It is shown that the concepts of 'efficient frontier' is useful in understanding the effectiveness of positioning strategy. Market positioning can be understood as occupying some place on the efficient frontier. The important strategic implications can be summarized as follows: Always try to increase customer preference by providing what they value, and differentiate from competing alternatives as much as possible. The best positioning strategy is to dominate all the competitors and the worst is to be dominated by the competitors.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.5-14
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• 2021

Purpose: We examined informational justice, cognitive trust, and satisfaction in healthcare distribution market and their associations within the physician-patient (provider-purchaser) relationship. Methodology: 253 valid survey samples collected from patients and used structural equation modelling for analysis. Findings: We postulated that (1) physicians' informational justice has a positive impact on patients' cognitive trust, (2) patients' cognitive trust has a positive impact on satisfaction, and (3) patients' perceived informational justice has a positive impact on satisfaction. Participants were 253 people who had visited a hospital in South Korea in the past year. Results confirmed that the presence of informational justice has a positive impact on patients' cognitive trust and satisfaction in the physician-patient relationship. Additionally, once cognitive trust was built, it positively influenced patients' satisfaction. We discussed the concept and the impacts of informational justice in light of our analyses regarding patients' perceived cognitive trust and their satisfaction in the physician-patient relationship. Implications: These results emphasize the importance of ethics in healthcare, particularly physicians' frankness and honesty when providing information to patients. Further, these findings present implications for physician education, as part of their training must involve building their patients' cognitive trust as a prerequisite for developing patient satisfaction.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.95-105
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aims to explore the distribution of work-life integration against COVID-19 and its Implications by analyzing remote work in Switzerland. Research design, data and methodology: The study performed literature review and descriptive analyses using various data such as perception surveys, statistics, and related documents. Results: The infectious disease was a turning point for many people in Switzerland by changing where and how people want to live. Since the COVID-19 crisis demonstrated that disease could be spread by proximity, negative perception about urban areas expanded, and rural areas are increasingly preferred due to fresh and clean air and a more ecological lifestyle. In addition, increased remote work, a change brought about by COVID-19, has subsequently led to changes in household habits and needs. Distance from work is no longer an important factor when someone chooses where to live. A trend is now emerging where households wanting to improve the quality of life leave the city center and move to the suburbs. Conclusions: Paradoxically, such trend accelerated by the COVID-19 crisis has an unintendedly positive impact on the distribution of work-life integration across society while providing more flexibility in terms of place and time management and lowering the burden on roads and infrastructure.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.33-41
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• 2022

Purpose: This article presents the relationship among the perceived risk of the COVID-19 pandemic, burnout, job insecurity, and employees' job performance in Vietnam. Research design, data, and methodology: The dataset included 310 samples from Vietnamese employees through the internet (Gmail, Facebook, Google form). PLS-SEM is used on Smart-PLS software. Results: Research results show that the perceived risk of COVID-19 has a positive impact on job performance and burnout. At the same time, job insecurity positively impacts burnout and has a negative impact on job performance. The distribution of resources to many jobs (both working and worrying about losing jobs) will reduce job performance. Furthermore, the study shows that workers exposed to COVID-19 risks have higher job performance. At the same time, burnout is not a factor that reduces employees' job performance. Finally, the perceived risk of COVID-19 and job insecurity have nothing to do with each other (perceived risk of COVID-19 does not affect job insecurity). These are two factors that exist independently and in parallel. Conclusions: The authors also suggest some implications in theory and practice from these research results. The implications will reduce anxiety about risks due to COVID-19 and job security for employees.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.177-193
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to explore normal distribution in probability distributions of the area of statistics in high school mathematics. To do this these contents such as approximation of normal distribution from binomial distribution, investigation of normal distribution curve and the area under its curve through the method of Monte Carlo, linear transformations of normal distribution curve, and various types of normal distribution curves are explored with CAS calculator. It will not be ablt to be attained for the objectives suggested the area of probability distribution in a paper-and-pencil classroom environment from the perspectives of tools of CAS calculator such as trivialization, experimentation, visualization, and concentration. Thus, this study is to explore various properties of normal distribution curve with CAS calculator and derive from pedagogical implications of teaching and learning normal distribution curve.