• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.283-295
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• 2009

This research covers the ways in which typography, which has been expressed in a diverse range of fields and changed communication functions from the era of reading to the era of feeling according to the change in the times and social demands, has been represented in modem fashion, along with examining its inherent aesthetic characteristics. I reviewed the general information of typography's fundamental notions and functions through documented records, and analyzed the inherent aesthetic characteristics by examining the typographical patterns shown in modem fashion based on art works in domestic and international collections after 2000. The result of this research is that typography in modem fashion has been used for improving brand image, expressing social slogans, expressing images, linguistic function for playful expression and the interdependent relationships of modeling functions. Typography in modem fashion has always been diversely expressed harmoniously with linguistic and modeling functions. Through this, the aesthetic characteristics were firstly parodies through direct sentences addressing political and social ideologies, economic gaps, environmental issues and anti-war protests. Secondly, by using brand logos, typography was used as a commercial means like brand-image transfer and separation through customization of other brands. Thirdly, the aesthetic and artistic value of fashion were expressed after being used as experimental visual components like image, motive and patterns which are all elements of fashion design. Fourthly, by distortion and transformation of characters or childish decorations, along with the harmonization of words, cathartic humor was provided for the calloused senses of modern people.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.43 no.4 s.310
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• pp.96-107
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• 2006

In this paper, a low bitrate video coding method based on new panoramic modeling is proposed for panning cameras. An input video frame from a panning camera is decomposed into a background image, rectangular moving object regions, and a residual image. In coding the background, we employ a panoramic model that can account for several image formation processes, such as perspective projection, lens distortion, vignetting and illumination effects. Moving objects aredetected, and their minimum bounding rectangular regions are coded with a JPEG-2000 coder. We have evaluated the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm with several indoor and outdoor sequences and found that the PSNR is improved by $1.3{\sim}4.4dB$ compared to that of JPEG-2000.

• International Journal of CAD/CAM
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2009

Domain mapping is a bijective transformation of one domain to another, usually from a complicated general domain to a chosen convex domain. This is directly useful in many application problems like shape modeling, morphing, texture mapping, shape matching, remeshing, path planning etc. A new approach considering the domain as made up of structural elements, like membranes or trusses, is developed and implemented using the nonlinear finite element formulation. The mapping is performed in two stages, boundary mapping and inside mapping. The boundary of the 3-D domain is mapped to the surface of a convex domain (in this case, a sphere) in the first stage and then the displacement/distortion of this boundary is used as boundary conditions for mapping the interior of the domain in the second stage. This is a general method and it develops a bijective mapping in all cases with judicious choice of material properties and finite element analysis. The consistent global parameterization produced by this method for an arbitrary genus zero closed surface is useful in shape modeling. Results are convincing to accept this finite element structural approach for domain mapping as a good method for many purposes.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.667-678
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to improve portion size estimation aids (PSEAs) used in the nutrition survey of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) and validate the accuracy and precision of the newly developed aids. SUBJECTS/METHODS: We conducted intensive interviews with survey experts in KNHANES and consulted with experts to collect opinions about improvement of PSEAs. Based on the results of the interviews, 5 types of PSEAs (rice bowl, earthen pots, mounds, measuring spoons, and thickness sticks) were newly developed using 3-dimensional (3D) modeling or modification of color or shape. Validation tests were conducted with 96 adults 20 years old or older. For the rice bowl and earthen pots, the participants were asked to select the more similar PSEA in size after being shown the real dishes. For the mounds, measuring spoons, and thickness sticks, the participants were presented with actual plates of food and asked to estimate the given portion sizes using the given PSEAs. RESULTS: The improved 2-dimensional (2D) picture aid for the rice bowl reflecting the size distortion by angle of view using 3D modeling was perceived more closely to the actual size than the current 2D picture (P < 0.001). The change of the color of 2D pictures and 3D models, the change of shape of the measuring spoons, and the 3-dimensionalization of the 2D mounds had no significant improvement in the subjects' perception. CONCLUSIONS: The currently used 2D PSEAs need to be fully redesigned using 3D modeling to improve subjects' perception. However, change of color or shape will not be necessary. For amorphous foods, it is suggested that more evaluation be performed before reaching a final conclusion in the use of PSEAs, or alternative ways to improve accuracy of estimation need to be explored.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.868-878
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• 1998

There are recently increasing needs for precision XYZ-stage in the fields of nanotechnology, specially in AFMs(Atomic Force Microscope) and STMs(Scanning Tunneling Microscope). Force measurements are made in the AFM by monitoring the deflection of a flexible element (usually a cantilever) in response to the interaction force between the probe tip and the sample and controlling the force neasyred constant topography can be obtained. The power of the STM is based on the strong distance dependence of the tunneling current in the vacuum chamber and the current is a feedback for the tip to trace the surface topography. Therefore, it is required for XYZ-stage to position samples with nanometer resolution, without any crosscouples and any parasitic motion and with fast response. Nanometer resolution is essential to investigate topography with reasonable shape. No crosscouples and parasitic motion is essential to investigate topography without any shape distortion. Fast response is essential to investigate topography without any undesirable interaction between the probe tip and sample surface ; sample scratch. To satisfy these requirements, this paper presents a novel XYZ-stage concept, it is actuated by PZT and has a monolithic flexible body that is made symmetric as possible to guide the motion of the moving body linearly. PZT actuators have a very fast response and infinite resolution. Due to the monolithic structure, this XYZ-stage has no crosscouples and by symmetry it has no parasitic motion. Analytical modeling of this XYZ-stage and its verification by FEM modeling are performed and optimal design that is to maximize 1st natural frequencies of the stage is also presented and with that design values stage is manufactured.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.61-78
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• 2016

This study through the literature research to understand the most representative art trend - the definition and evolution of the Cubism in the early 20th century, and through the analysis on the representative painter's works, such as works of Pablo Ruiz Picasso and Georges Braque, This article raises the unique characteristics of the Cubist painting, such as geometry modeling, simultaneity, transparency, collage, deconstruction and reconstruction, etc. On the basis of theoretical research in this study, in order to meet the novelty and originality of clothing design requirements in the field, this research uses the modeling characteristics of the Cubist painting, designs and makes five sets of works in costume designing. Research findings are as follows, 1) According to the geometry modeling, split garment surface into triangle or irregular polygon shaped. 2) Show front and side images of the characters in the same garment surface. 3) Overlapping the images of the characters in the same garment surface. 4) Make use of composite materials to express the characters. 5) Disassemble the characters recombine them in an abstract painting way. These works mainly completed by adopting some techniques like Patchwork and Figurative painting. The colors consist of red, yellow and blue caused "Three primary colors series" to achieve the goal of expanding visual effect. Additionally, for the sake of the formal beauty-deformation distortion, symmetric and asymmetric, for instance the structure of the costume adopts formal beauty technique.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.65-78
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• 1992

When using a computer vision system for a measurement, the geometrically distorted input image usually restricts the site and size of the measuring window. A geometrically distorted image caused by the image sensing and processing hardware degrades the accuracy of the visual measurement and prohibits the arbitrary selection of the measuring scope. Therefore, an image calibration is inevitable to improve the measuring accuracy. A calibration process is usually done via four steps such as measurement, modeling, parameter estimation, and compensation. In this paper, the efficient error calibration technique of a geometrically distorted input image was developed using a neural network. After calibrating a unit pixel, the distorted image was compensated by training CMLAN(Cerebellar Model Linear Associator Network) without modeling the behavior of any system element. The input/output training pairs for the network was obtained by processing the image of the devised sampled pattern. The generalization property of the network successfully compensates the distortion errors of the untrained arbitrary pixel points on the image space. The error convergence of the trained network with respect to the network control parameters were also presented. The compensated image through the network was then post processed using a simple DDA(Digital Differential Analyzer) to avoid the pixel disconnectivity. The compensation effect was verified using known sized geometric primitives. A way to extract directly a real scaled geometric quantity of the object from the 8-directional chain coding was also devised and coded. Since the developed calibration algorithm does not require any knowledge of modeling system elements and estimating parameters, it can be applied simply to any image processing system. Furthermore, it efficiently enhances the measurement accuracy and allows the arbitrary sizing and locating of the measuring window. The applied and developed algorithms were coded as a menu driven way using MS-C language Ver. 6.0, PC VISION PLUS library functions, and VGA graphic functions.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.35-44
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• 2022

In this paper, we propose an intra-picture prediction method by a quadratic surface modeling method for depth video coding. The pixels of depth video are transformed to 3D coordinates using distance information. A quadratic surface with the smallest error is found by least square method for reference pixels. The reference pixel can be either the upper pixels or the left pixels. In the intra prediction using the quadratic surface, two predcition values are computed for one pixel. Two errors are computed as the square sums of differences between each prediction values and the pixel values of the reference pixels. The pixel sof the block are predicted by the reference pixels and prediction method that they have the lowest error. Comparing with the-state-of-art video coding method, simulation results show that the distortion and the bit rate are improved by up to 5.16% and 5.12%, respectively.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2002.07a
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• pp.172-175
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• 2002

This paper presents perceptual model with a stochastic rnultiresolution characteristic that can be applied with watermark embedding in the biorthogonal wavelet domain. The perceptual model with adaptive watermarking algorithm embed at the texture and edge region for more strongly embedded watermark by the SSQ(successive subband quantization). The watermark embedding is based on the computation of a NVF(noise visibility function) that have local image properties. This method uses non-stationary Gaussian model stationary Generalized Gaussian model because watermark has noise properties. In order to determine the optimal NVF, we consider the watermark as noise. The particularities of embedding in the stationary GG model use shape parameter and variance of each subband regions in multiresolution. To estimate the shape parameter, we use a moment matching method. Non-stationary Gaussian model use the local mean and variance of each subband. The experiment results of simulation were found to be excellent invisibility and robustness. Experiments of such distortion are executed by Stirmark benchmark test.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.06d
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• pp.106-109
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• 2000

There have been proposed two types of low bit rate vocoder upto now : One is MBE type using the spectrum modeling and another is CELP type using the hybrid coding method. CELP type vocoder has mainly studied between them. Specially, much of intensity is concentrated in CELP vocoder due to the emergence of Internet Phone and PCS in a domestic. In order to improve the speech quality in CELP vocoder, in this paper, we proposed a new spectrum analysis algorithm with variable window, In CELP vocoder, the spectrum of the synthesised speech signal is distorted because the fixed size windows is used for spectrum analysis. So we have measured the spectral leakage and in order to minimize the spectral leakage have adjusted the window size. Applying this method G.723.1 ACELP, we can get SD(Spectral Distortion) reduction 0.084(dB), residual energy reduction 6.3% and MOS(Mean Opinion Score) improvement 0.1.