• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.111-117
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• 2017

PURPOSE: To determine the effect of weight ball throw training as a preparatory exercise before golf practice for 8 weeks on back muscle strength, weight shifting of lower body, head speed of club, and driving distance of amateur golfers. METHODS: A total of 18 subjects were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n=9) and the control group (n=9), respectively. For the experimental group, Weight ball throw training was provided to the height of waist and shoulder similar to golf swing with the following schedule: 3 kg weight ball throw training from the first week to the 4th week; 5 kg weight ball throw training from the 5th week to the 8th week. Before and after 8 weeks of training, back muscle strength, weight shifting of lower body, head speed of club, and driving distance of subjects in the two groups were measured. RESULTS: The experimental group showed significant differences in rotational back extension torque, weight shifting of lower body, head speed of club, and driving distance during golf swing (p<.05). However, the control group only showed significant difference in driving distance during golf swing (p<.05). Back extension torque, weight shifting of lower body, and head speed of club showed significant differences between the two groups during golf swing (p<.05). CONCLUSION: Weight ball throw training can positively change rotational back muscle strength, weight shifting of lower body, head speed of club, and driving distance of amateur golfers. Therefore, it might be used as an effective warming up exercise for amateur golfers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.228-239
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• 1995

A model experiment on the pair midwater trawl net which is prevailing in Denmark is carried out to get the basic data available for Korean pair bottom trawlers. The model net was made in 1/30 scale considering the Tauti's Similarity law of fishing gear and the dimension of experimental tank. The vertical opening, horizontal opening, towing tension and net working depth of the model net were determined in the tank within the towing velocity 0.46~1.15m/sec, front weight 15.5~62.0g and distance between paired boats 5~8m(which correpond to 2~5k't in towing velocity, 70~280kg in weight and 150~240m in distance respectively in the prototype net). The results got from the model experiment can be converted into the full scale net as follows; 1. Vertical opening showed the largest value of 32m at the condition of 2k't in towing velocity, 280kg in front weight and 150m in the distance between paired boats, and the smallest value of 6m at the condition of 5k't in towing velocity, 70kg in front weight and 240m in the distance between paired boats. 2. Horizontal opening showed the largest value of 45m at the condition of 5k't in towing velocity, 70kg in front weight and 240m in the distance between paired boats, and the smallest value of 33m at the condition of 2k't in towing velocity, 280kg in front weight and 150m in the distance between paired boats. 3. Towing tension showed the largest value of 10, 000kg at the condition of 5k't in towing velocity, 280kg in front weight and 240m in the distance between paired boats, and the smallest value of 1, 600kg at the condition of 2k't in towing velocity, 70kg in front weight and 150m in the distance between paired boats. 4. Net working depth showed the largest value of 38m at the condition of 2k't in towing velocity, 280kg in front weight and 150m in the distance between paired boats, and the smallest value of 6m at the condition of 5k't in towing velocity, 70kg in front weight and 240m in the distance between paired boats. 5. Net opening area showed the largest value of 1, 100m super(2) at the condition of 2k't in towing velocity, 280kg in front weight and 180m in the distance between paired boats, and the smallest value of 250m super(2) at the condition of 5k't in towing velocity, 70kg in front weight and 240m in the distance between paired boats.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.130-134
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• 1996

Background: This study was designed to determine the distance from skin to lumbar epidural space in obstetric parturients and whether weight, height, or PI (ponderal index, $kg/m^2$) might influence the epidural depth. Methods: 71 obstetric patients undergoing elective cesarean section during epidural anesthesia in L2-3 level were partitioned into groups according to their prepregnant BMI(body mass index), and in each group weight, height, PI, epidural depth were measured. Results: All patients were classified as underweight(n=18), normal(n=49), overweight(n=4) and no one was partitioned into obese group. the distance from skin to lumbar epidural space was found to be 3.7 cm(underweight), 4.1 cm(normal), 4.7 cm(over weight) and total mean distance was found to be 4.0 cm. The epidural depth had correlation with weight and height in underweight, and weight and PI in normal, but had no correlation with any measurements in overweight group. Conclusion: These results suggest body weight may be a useful parameter for predicting the distance from skin to lumbar epidural space in underweight and normal weight obstetric parturients.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2012

In this paper, we analysis wideband spectrum sensing with distance based weight combining for Cognitive Radio (CR) systems. CR systems is implemented the spectrum of the Primary User(PU) by using a energy detection method. Threshold is determined in accordance with the constant false alarm rate (CFAR) algorithm for energy detection. The signal of PU is BPSK signal and the wireless channel between a PU and CR systems is modeled as Gaussian channel. From the simulation results, the wideband sensing with distance based and Distance based weight Combing (DWC) methods shows higher spectrum sensing performance than single CR user spectrum sensing.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 2020

Background: Exercise in the quadruped position is performed to improve body and shoulder stability. This study examined the muscle activity of the trunk muscles according to the distance of the weight shift when lifting one leg in the quadruped position. Methods: Ten healthy 20 to 40 years old males were tested as subjects. All subjects moved their body weight to 0, 5, and 10cm on the opposite side of the leg lifter while maintaining the quadruped position. The surface electrodes recorded the electromyography data during the one leg lifting. Results: As the weight shift distance was increased, there was a significant difference in muscle activity of both serratus anterior, multifidus and internal oblique muscles (p<.05). Left and right serratus anterior and right internal oblique were most activated when weight shift distance was 0cm (p<.05). Conclusion: Shoulder and lumbar stabilization exercises should be applied in the absence of a weight shift distance during quadruped exercise.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.781-788
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• 2011

A sphere-packing problem is to find an arrangement of the spheres to fill as large area of the given space as possible, and covering problems are optimization problems which are dual problems to the packing problems. We generalize the concepts of the weight and the Hamming distance for a binary code to those of Boolean algebra. In this paper, we define a weight and a distance on a Boolean algebra and research some properties of the weight and the distance. Also, we prove the notions of the sphere-packing bound and the Gilbert-Varshamov bound on Boolean algebra.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.143-148
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• 2012

This paper proposes a new method to improve performance of AdaBoost by using a distance weight function to increase the accuracy of its machine learning processes. The proposed distance weight algorithm improves classification in areas where the original binary classifier is weak. This paper derives the new algorithm's optimal solution, and it demonstrates how classifier accuracy can be improved using the proposed Distance Sensitive AdaBoost in a simulation experiment of pedestrian detection.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze muscle function and EMG of the trunk and the lower extremity in short and long distance athletes and in order to determine difference in peak torque per unit weight, muscle power per unit weight, endurance ratio, and %MVIC classified by muscle. For that purpose, isokinetic muscle function tests for waist, knee, and ankle joints and EMG measurements for the trunk and the lower extremity muscle with running motion were conducted for 7 short and long distance high school athletes respectively. The study over muscle function of waist, knee, and ankle joints indicates that peak torque per unit weight of short distance athletes is higher than that of long distance athletes in extension and flexion of waist joint, plantar flexion of right ankle joint, and dorsi flexion of left ankle joint. In case of the muscle power per unit weight of short distance athletes is also higher than long distance athletes in waist, knee, and ankle joints. No difference in endurance ratio of waist, knee, and ankle joints between the two groups was founded. The results of the test over EMG of the trunk and the lower extremity show that %MVIC of erector spinae, rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, and tibialis anterior is higher than that of long distance athletes in support phase. The above results proved to be the same in flight phase except for %MVIC of medial gastrocnemius. In other words, %MVIC of medial gastrocnemius for short distance athletes turned out to be higher than that of long distance athletes in flight phase.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.105-108
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• 1998

Backgrounds: Cervical epidural nerve block is useful in the management of a variety of acute, chronic and cancer related pain syndromes involving the head, face, neck and upper extrimity. To safely perfom the cervical epidural block, an appreciation of the expected distance from skin to epidural space is important. We studied the distance from skin to cervical epidural space of adults to determine if any relationship exists between patient height, weight and neck circumference and the distance from skin to epidural space. Methods: Patients 170, suffering from neck and upper extremity pain with cervical HIVD(herniated intervertebral dics) were selected. Cervical epidural block was performed at $C_{6\sim7}$ or $C_{7-}T_1$ intervertebral space. Then measured the distance from skin to epidural space and analysed the relationship between age, height, weight and neck circumference and the distance from skin to epidural space. Results: The cervical epidural depth of male $C_{6\sim7}$, male $C_{7-}T_1$, female $C_{6\sim7}$ and female $C_{7-}T_1$ groups were $5.17{\pm}0.63$, $5.47{\pm}0.59$, $4.84{\pm}0.56$ and $5.01{\pm}0.60$ cm respectively. Cervical epidural depth significantly correlated with body weight, ponderal index and neck circumference. Conclusions: The distance from skin to cervical epidural space has significant relationships with weight, ponderal index and neck circumference. Although experience is important, patient's weight and neck circumference are indicating factor, of the cervical epidural depth.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.266-272
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• 2012

Speaker segmentation is a process of automatically detecting the speaker boundary points in the audio data. Speaker segmentation methods are divided into two categories depending on whether they use a prior knowledge or not: One is the model-based segmentation and the other is the metric-based segmentation. In this paper, we introduce the eigenvoice-based speaker weight distance method and compare it with the representative metric-based methods. Also, we employ and compare the Euclidean and cosine similarity functions to calculate the distance between speaker weight vectors. And we verify that the speaker weight distance method is computationally very efficient compared with the method directly using the distance between the speaker adapted models constructed by the eigenvoice technique.