• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.10-20
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• 1992

The new course distances of a ship are considered to be the indices to indicate directly her abilities of course altercation. Generally, they have long been calculated by using the maneuvering indices obtained from her Z test. However, at sea actually the maneuvering indices can not sometimes be obtained according to ship's condition or circumstances and the new course distances can not be calculated. To find out other method to calculate the new course distances, in this paper the author analyzed them from a viewpoint of ship motion, and worked out a numerical formula to calculate them easily, using the data of ship's heading test. In order to check whether the presented method is applicable to actual ships or not, the experiment by them were also performed. The results obtained are summarized as follow: 1. The mean difference of the distance between two new course distances by the heading test and the maneuvering indices of the experimental ship was about 0.98% values of the ones by the maneuvering indices, when her heading were 10。, 20。 and 30。, using the rudder angle of 15。. These new course distances were therefore found to be almost same in values of the distance. 2. The mean difference of the distance between two new course distances by the heading test and the observation of experimental ship was about 1.16% values of the ones by the observation, when her headings were 10。, 20。 and 30。, using the rudder angle of 15。. These new course distances were therefore found to be almost same in values of the distance. 3. It is confirmed that the new course distances can be calculated easily by using the method of ship's simple heading test, without the observation or using the maneuvering indices. 4. It is considered to be helpful for the safety of shiphanding to draw curves of new course distances by ship's heading test and utilize them at sea.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.586-591
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• 2009

The marine traffic accidents go on increasing owing to the increment of marine traffic capacity, and the solutions about these matters are vigorously considering by many researchers. When the watch officer navigates to the narrow channel, bend or an area obscured by an intervening obstruction and around the harbour limit he must follow the planned track. The watch officer can safely navigate along the course laid down only when he alters his course in advance before the new course distance earlier than the course alternation point. If we call this point to be changed in advance a turning bearing, the turning bearing is decided according to the direction and the range from the clearing objects. The turning bearing helps the watch officer to determine whether the ship is at wheel-over position or not. The author in this paper suggest how to make and use a curve graph which is decided according to the direction and the distance from the clearing objects. If the watch officer utilize this curve graph he can judge swiftly and precisely whether his ship is at the wheel - over position or not.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.299-311
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• 1994

The new course distances of a ship are one of the important factors of the safety handling as the indices to indicate directly her abilities of course alteration. Recently, International Maritime Organization (IMO) exhorts that all vessels should use maneuvering booklets in which are drawn the curves of new course distances obtained from the test of measuring them and noted other maneuvering performance standard in various navigation conditions. This paper describes the method to calculate many new course distances for many rudder angles by turning circle test without observation or using other calculating methods. The main results are as follows: 1) The mean difference of the distances between two new course distances by the turning circle test and heading test of the experimental ship was about 7.7% vaules of the ones by the heading test. when her altering angles were $48^{\circ}$, $63^{\circ}$and $70^{\circ}$, using the rudder angle of $35^{\circ}$ . These new course distances were therefore found to be small in difference of those. 2) The mean difference of the distance between two new course distances by the turning circle test and the maneuvering indices of the experimental ship was about 4.5% values of the ones by the maneuvering indices, when her altering angles were $48^{\circ}$, $63^{\circ}$and $70^{\circ}$, using the rudder angle of $35^{\circ}$, these new course distances were therefore found to be small in difference of those. 3) The mean difference of the distance between two new course distances by the turning circle test and the observation of the experimental ship was about 6.1% values of the ones by the observation, when her altering angles were $48^{\circ}$, $63^{\circ}$and $70^{\circ}$, using the rudder angle of $35^{\circ}$. These new course distances were therefore found to be small in difference of those. 4) It is confirmed that many new course distances for many angles can be calculated easily by using the method of ship's simple turning circle test, without observation or using the maneuvering indices and heading test method. 5) It is considered to be helpful for the safety of ship handling to draw curves of new course distances by turning circle test and $\phi_4$ - $\phi_2 by heading test, and utilize them at sea.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.439-445
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• 2008

실습선 한바다호에 설치된 선박 조종성능 계측 시스템을 이용하여 타각, 선회방향, 속력 등 다양한 조건으로 수차례에 걸쳐 선회시험을 실시하였다. 이를 바탕으로 선회권, 조종성 지수, 신침로 거리 등을 산출하여 상호 비교하였고, 그 결과 IMO 조종성 기준(Maneuvering standards)을 잘 만족하고 있음을 확인하였다. 실습선 한바다호는 좌현으로 선회하는 경우 모든 타각에서 선회권이 작게 측정되었고, 타 선박과 비교하여 선회성 지수(K)와 추종성 지수(T)가 상대적으로 크게 나타났다. 따라서 선회과정에서 선회경은 다소 작아질 수 있으나, 전진거리가 길어질 수 있으므로 전방의 위험물 회피에 주의가 요구된다. 또한, 신침로가 $30^{\circ}{\sim}90^{\circ}$인 경우 신침로거리는 $125m{\sim}300m$로 측정되었다. 이러한 결과는 충돌회피와 항내조선 및 협수도 항해 시 선박을 보다 안전하게 조선하는데 매우 중요한 지표가 될 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.17-29
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• 1993

The new flexible controlling method integrated with some existing maneuvers of reducing a great head way during approaching a pilot station or anchor berth, namely , Super Rudder (Woo) controlling method originally was developed. The conclusions of this paper are drawn. 1) Super Rudder (Woo) controlling method has the shortest distance along base course and distance off base course among all reducing maneuvers including Rudder Cycling. 2) This new method is flexibly adjustable to a range of yaw angles 5-35 degrees either ship's side depending on traffic situations, 3) This new method is versatile controlling maneuver enabling shipandlers to reduce or stop a ship's headway and to adjust the proper courses to a pilot station or anchor berth.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of ACRS 2003 ISRS
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• pp.210-212
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• 2003

Active sensors are rapidly conquering a share on the remote sensing market and offer among others new possibilities toward automatically acquiring 3D building data. Better dissemination of information about new technological developments can possibly be achieved by short distance-learning courses. The paper describes the didactic and technical aspects of a course we have designed and conducted on airborne laser scanning and interferometric SAR. The building extraction application is a good example to illustrated the added value of short electronic-learning courses above simply publishing (digital) papers.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.260-271
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• 1993

Due to depletion of fish resources as time goes on, the trawl fishing industries which have caught the demersal fish is confronting with financial difficulties. For the purpose of breaking these difficulties, trawlers are expanding the fishing targets to the midwater from bottom stock. The trawlers become to be able to detect the fish schools not only vertical but also horizontal direction by equipping the sonar system on board. Even though the operator locates the fish school by sonar, it is not easy to make a desirable catch of the fish school which is detected, for the reason of the maneuverring characteristics of trawler. For the purpose of enhancing the efficiency of a fish catch, the auther performed a series of on board experiments to investigate the maneuverablilites of midwater trawaler. The obtained results are summerized as follows: 1. The higher the RPM of main engine, the smaller the magnitude of turning circle. And it is smaller in the right than in the left turning 2. Towing speed varies irregularly under turning novenment. When the RPM of main engine being 560, 680 the angular velocities are 11.3deg/min, 22.5deg/min respectively. 3. The difference of new course distance between calculated by maneuverring indices and measured by experimental ship is high when altering course being large and towing speed low. 4. The faster the towing speed is, the shorter the new course distance becomes. When towing speed is same in right and left turning movement, the now course distance is shorter in case of right turning movement than in left. 5. It is considered to be convenient for a navigator to utilize the curves for altering course in order to steer the ship rapidly and accurately.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제28권9호
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• pp.799-802
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• 2004

Evaluation of the quantitative risk of collision plays a key role in developing the expert system of navigation and collision avoidance. This study analysed thoroughly how to determine the threshold of avoidance sector as described in the new evaluation of collision risk, and suggested the collision risk obtained by the alteration of course and/or speed in order to pass clear qf each danger zone as the threshold of avoidance sector.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.367-375
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 국내 연안 해역 환경에서의 해상교통관제 서비스에 기여할 수 있는 항적 간 거리 척도를 개발하였다. 새로운 항적간 거리 척도는 전통적으로 위치 시계열 간의 유사도를 측정하는 데 활용되는 하우스도르프 거리(hausdorff distance)와 두 항적 간의 대지속력(Speed Over Ground, SOG)의 평균 간의 차이, 그리고 대지침로(Course Over Ground)의 분산 간의 차이를 가중합하여 설계되었다. 새로운 척도의 유효성을 검증하기 위하여 실제 AIS 항적 데이터와 병합 군집화 알고리즘을 활용한 기존 항적 간 거리 척도와의 비교 분석이 수행되었으며, 새로운 거리 척도를 활용한 항적 군집화 결과가 하우스도르프 거리(hausdorff distance), 그리고 다이내믹 타임 워핑 거리(Dynamic Time Warping distance) 등 기존 척도에 비해 항적 간 지리적 거리나 대지속도 및 대지침로 등 선박 거동 특성의 분포를 비슷하거나 그 이상의 수준으로 정교하게 반영하고 있음을 데이터 시각화로써 확인하였다. 정량적으로는 Davies-Bouldin 지표를 기준으로, 군집화 결과가 더욱 우수하거나 약간 낮은 수준을 기록한 한편, 거리 계산 효율성에서는 특히 우수함을 실증하였다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.21-26
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• 1992

Generally a navigator evaluated the maneuverability of his ship by the scale of turning circle which was described only by the largest rudder angle of the port and starboard sides. But to have the sufficient knowledge of his ship's maneuvering characteristics he should consider the data about the new course keeping test, the spiral test, and the turning circle tests in accordance with the rudder angles together. In this paper the author performed the above tests to study the maneuverability of the stern trawler M.S. Pusan 404 which is a training ship of the National Fisheries University of Pusan. The obtained results are summarized as follows: 1. When the rudder angles being 5。, 10。, 20。, 30。, 35。 the advances of the starboard side turning circles were 12.8, 8.2, 4.8, 2.9, 2.7 times as large as the length of the ship, and of the port side turning circles were 13.3, 8.7, 5.4, 3.5, 2.9, time as large as the large as it. Under the same conditions the tactical diameters were 15.1, 9.7, 5.2, 3.1, 2.8 times as large as the length of the ship, for starboard side, and 17.2, 12.4, 6.4, 3.7, 3.2 times as large as it for port side. 2. As the rudder angle being increased the ratio of the advance to the tactical diameter was nearly 1 and her obeying ability was better than that of the small angle. 3. The mean values of the rates of speed reduction during the steady turning motion were 0.96, 0.92, 0.82, 0.71, 0.65 in accordance with the rudder angles. 4. The relative formulas between the distance to the new course y and the altering course x were as follows: When rudder angles being 10。, 20。, 30。, y=52.2222+1.6133x, y=48.750+0.9383x, y=39.250+0.655x respectively. 5. There was little difference of the distance to the new course between rudder angle 20。and 30。, and so it is desirable for a navigator to a navigator to use the small rudder angles unless sudden emergencies. 6. Though her rudder angle being small her course stability was good according to the spiral tests.