• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.477-488
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• 2000

A distance measure between two Latin-hypercube designs is defined and its expected value is computed. It was computed by using mathematical statistics, numerical analysis (multidimensional numerical integration), Monte-carlo method, and the theory of asymptotic normal distribution. For the comparison of two Latin-hypercube designs with same structure but different randomness, the difference of expected values of response function and information mass of experimental designs are considered. These methods may be useful in comparison between two general experimental designs.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.06d
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• pp.147-150
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• 2000

Hausdorff distance(HD) commonly used measures for object matching, and calculates the distance between two point set of pixels in two-dimentional binary images without establishing correspondence. And it is realized as the image filter applying the fuzzy. In this paper, the fuzzy hardware realizes in order to construct the image filter applying HD, also, propose as the method for the noise removal using it in the image. MIN-MAX circuit designs the circuit using MAX-PLUS, and the fuzzy HD hardware results are obtained to the simulation. And then, the previous computer simulation is confirmed to the result by using MATLAB.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.777-786
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• 2006

Two factorial designs with quantitative factors are called geometrically equivalent if the design matrix of one can be transformed into the design matrix of the other by row and column permutations, and reversal of symbol order in one or more columns. Clark and Dean (2001) gave a sufficient and necessary condition (which we call the 'gCD condition') for two symmetric factorial designs with quantitative factors to be geometrically equivalent. This condition is based on the absolute value of the Euclidean(or Hamming) distance between pairs of design points. In this paper we extend the gCD condition to asymmetric designs. In addition, a modified algorithm is applied for checking the equivalence of two designs.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.105-116
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• 2012

Minimalism combines the adjective 'minimal' and the suffix 'ism', and was first coined in the 1960s. Minimalism draws on the belief that when the use of artistic skills and adaptation is minimized and only the essentials or core is expressed, the discrepancy or distance between reality and art can be kept to a minimum; and thus, true reality can be achieved. To realize minimalism, artists creating paintings, sculptures and other forms of visual art eliminate unnecessary elements and strip objects to its essentials. And hence, most minimalist artwork used minimum amount of color and focused on expressing the geometric essence of objects. Such simplistic styles of minimalism can be seen today in various designs. Apple's iPod design and other product designs as well as graphic designs are just few of the examples. Drawing on the spirit of minimalism, Icongraphics pursues beauty and pleasure in the minimal use of color and form. And what lies beneath Icongraphics' artistic style is its pursuit of simplistic essentials, sending a strong message to the digitalized and complex lives of modern people.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.83-90
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• 2002

Recent commercial systems are too large and too complex to restructure their design by hand without tools and cost too much time and effort. This thesis presents a restructuring approach using cohesion and coupling of classes to change object-oriented designs automatically. The matrix which represents the relation between methods is defined by distance between methods using cohesion and coupling, Class restructuring starts to isolate to dividing class, selects the class to have the lowest cohesion and combines the selected class with the closest class.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.192-199
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• 2018

Background: The currently available reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) designs can be classified into medial glenoid/medial humerus (MGMH), lateral glenoid/medial humerus (LGMH), and medial glenoid/lateral humerus (MGLH) prosthesis designs. The purpose of this study was to radiologically analyze the effect of different RSA designs on humeral position following RSA. Methods: A total of 50 patients who underwent primary RSA were retrospectively analyzed. Among 50 patients, 33 patients (group A: MGMH) underwent RSA with Aequalis system (Wright, Inc, Bloomington, MN, USA), 6 (group B: LGMH) with Aequalis system using bony increased offset, and 11 (group C: MGLH) with Aequalis Ascend Flex system. The acromiohumeral distance, acromioepiphyseal distance (AED), lateral humeral offset (LHO), LHO from the center of rotation ($LHO^{COR}$), and deltoid length were radiologically measured to quantify the distalization and lateralization of the humerus. Results: The increment in postoperative AED was $19.92{\pm}3.93mm$ in group A, $24.52{\pm}5.25mm$ in group B, and $25.97{\pm}5.29mm$ in group C, respectively (p=0.001). The increment in postoperative LHO was $0.13{\pm}6.30mm$, $8.00{\pm}12.14mm$, and $7.42{\pm}6.88mm$, respectively (p=0.005). The increment in postoperative $LHO^{COR}$ was $20.76{\pm}6.06mm$, $22.04{\pm}5.15mm$, and $28.11{\pm}4.14mm$, respectively (p=0.002). Conclusions: The radiologic analysis of the effect of different RSA designs on humeral position following RSA showed significant differences in the increment in postoperative AED, LHO, and $LHO^{COR}$ between the 3 groups. Therefore, MGLH design seems to be more effective for humeral distalization and lateralization compared to original Grammont design.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.867-869
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• 2003

Vacuum tube arrays (VTA) with a submicron dimension were fabricated by using anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) nano-templates. The field emission characteristics of Ni nanowires show a turn-on voltage in the range of 11.0-14.0 V and a field enhancement factor in the range of 560-2790. The distance between the tips of Ni nanowires and the anode was much smaller than that between the tips and the anode of conventional designs.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.192-192
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• 2000

In this paper, a platoon merging is considered as a remote-controlled system with the state represented by a stochastic process. In this system, it becomes to encounter situations where a single decision maker controls a large number of subsystems, and observation and control signals are sent over a communication channel with finite capacity and significant transmission delays. Unlike classical estimation problem in which the observation is a continuous process corrupted by additive noise, there is a constraint that the observation must be coded and transmitted over a digital communication channel with finite capaci쇼. A recursive coder-estimator sequence is a state estimation scheme based on observations transmitted with finite communication capacity constraint. Using the coder-estimator sequence, the remote control station designs a feedback controller. In this paper, we introduce a stochastic model for the lead vehicle in a platoon of vehicles considering the angle between a road surface and a horizontal plane as a stochastic process. The simulation results show that the inter-vehicle distance and the deviation from the desired inter-vehicle distance are well regulated.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2020

Investigations of biosimilarity between reference drugs and test drugs required statistical tests; in addition, statistical tests to evaluate biosimilarity have been recently proposed. Ordinal outcome data has been observed in research; however, appropriate statistical tests to deal with ordinal endpoints for biosimilar have not yet been proposed. This paper extends existing design for ordinal endpoints. Using measure of nominal-ordinal association and relative distances between drugs are defined so that testing procedures are developed. Through simulation studies, we investigate type I error rate and power to show the performance of our suggested method. Furthermore, a comparison between the statistical tests and other designs is proviede to show significance of ordinal endpoints.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.298-306
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• 2001

As fuel burnup proceeds, thermal gradients, differential swelling, and inter-assembly loading may induce assembly duct bowing. Since duct bowing affects the reactivity, such as long or short term power-reactivity-decrement variations, handling problem, caused by top end deflection of the bowed assembly duct, and the integrity of the assembly duct itself. Assembly duct bowing were first observed at EBR-ll in 1965, and then several designs of assembly ducts and core restraint system were used to accommodate this problem. In this study, NUBOW-2D KMOD was used to analyze the bowing behavior of the assembly duct under the KALIMER(Korea Advanced Liquid MEtal Reactor) core restraint system conditions. The mechanical behavior of assembly ducts related to several design parameters are evaluated. ACLP(Above Core Load Pad) positions, the gap distance between the ducts, and the gap distance between the duct and restraint ring were selected as the sensitivity parameter for the evaluation of duct deflection.