• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.217-224
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• 2016

Purpose: This study aimed to generate 3-D occlusal curvatures and evaluate the relationship between the occlusal curvatures and mandibular occlusal morphology factors. Methods: Mandibular dental casts from 25 young adult Korean were scanned as a virtual dental models with a 3-D scanner(Scanner S600, Zirkonzahn, Italy). The curve of Spee, curve of Wilson, and Monson's sphere were generated by fitting a circle/sphere to the cusp tips using a least-squares method. The mandibular mesiodistal cusp inclination, buccolingual cusp inclination, and tooth wear parameters were measured on the prepared virtual models using RapidForm2004(INUS technology INC, Seoul, Korea). Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed to test side difference, and Spearman's rank correlation coefficients were investigated to verify the correlation between occlusal curvatures and correlated factors (a=0.05). Results: The mean radii of curve of Spee were $83.09{\pm}33.94$ in the left side and $79.00{\pm}28.12mm$ in the right side. The mean radii of curve of Wilson were $66.82{\pm}15.87mm$ in the mesial side and $47.87{\pm}9.40mm$ in the distal side with significantly difference between mesiodistal sides(p<0.001). The mean radius of Monson's sphere was $121.85{\pm}47.11mm$. Most of the cusp inclination parameters showed negative correlation for the radius of Monson' sphere(p<0.05). Especially, the buccolingual cusp inclinations in mesial side of molar showed high correlation coefficients among the factors(p<0.05). Conclusion: The radius of Monson's sphere was greater than the classical 4-inch values, and the buccolingual cusp inclinations in mesial side of molar can be considered as one of the main factors correlating with the radius of Monson's sphere.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.41-49
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• 2015

Free or pedicled vascularized fibular grafts (VFG) are useful for the reconstruction of large skeletal defects, particularly in cases of scarred or avascular beds, or in patients with combined bone and soft tissue defects. Compared to non-VFG, VEG, which contains living osteocytes and osteoblasts, maintains its own viability and serves as good osteoconductive and osteoinductive graft. Due to its many structural and biological advantages, the free fibular osteo- or osteocutaneous graft is considered the most suitable autograft for the reconstruction of long bone defects in the injured extremity. The traditional indication of VFG is the long bone and soft tissue defect, which cannot be reconstructed using a conventional operative method. Recently, the indications have been widely expanded not only for defects of midtibia, humerus, forearm, distal femur, and proximal tibia, but also for the arthrodesis of shoulder and knee joints. Because of its potential to allow further bone growth, free fibular epiphyseal transfer can be used for the hip or for distal radius defects caused by the radical resection of a tumor. The basic anatomy and surgical techniques for harvesting the VFG are well known; however, the condition of the recipient site is different in each case. Therefore, careful preoperative surgical planning should be customized in every patient. In this review, recently expanded surgical indications of VFG and surgical tips based on the author's experiences in the issues of fixation method, one or two staged reconstruction, size mismatching, overcoming the stress fracture, and arthrodesis of shoulder and knee joint using VFG are discussed with the review of literature.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.178-181
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• 2008

In contrast to ganglion of the soft tissue, periosteal ganglion occurring within or beneath the periosteum is a rare disorder. The differential diagnosis includes periosteal chondroma, lipoma, giant cell tumor of tendon sheath and periosteal osteosarcoma. Most common location for periosteal ganglion is the tibia, followed by radius, femur and ulna. To our knowledge, only 1 case of periosteal ganglion of the fibula has been reported in the literature. We report a case of periosteal ganglion of the distal fibula in a thirty-year-old woman treated with excision of the cyst and the adjacent periosteum.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.135-137
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• 2016

A 6-month-old, weighing 2.8 kg, female, domestic short-haired cat presented with open fracture at right distal radius about a month ago. Based on radiological findings, hyperplasia at the right radioulna and left humerus was found. Results of the cytological examination were inflammatory reaction and reactive osteoblast. Distal radial ostectomy proceeded with necrotic bone debridement. Three weeks after operation, the radial bone lysis was seen on radiograph but clinical condition improved. Hyperplasia at the right radioulna and left humerus was dissolved. Two months after operation, she can use her both forelimbs despite right elbow have been diagnosed as arthrosclerosis because of periosteal reaction. Six months after operation, clinical symptoms of limbs were not detected. In this case, open fracture was treated through delayed surgical debridement procedure, therefore hematogenous osteomyelitis occurs at another forelimb. The longer a wound remains open, the more likely it is that infection will develop. The infection can occur to fracture bone and seed from hematogenous spread to another normal bone. In conclusion, when open fracture occurs, early antibiotic treatment and urgent surgical intervention are recommended.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.163-169
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was conducted to confirm the anatomic conformity of the new periarticular locking plates designed by Zimmer on Korean adult bones and to identify the structures at risk during the application of these implants. Methods: The study was performed on the humerus, radius, and tibia of 10 adult cadavers(6 males and 4 females) procured from the cadaveric lab of our hospital. Anteroposterior (AP) and lateral X-rays were taken to confirm that the cadavers were free of any unusual lesions or anatomic variations. We used the 3.5-mm proximal humerus plate, 2.7-mm distal radius plate, 3.5- and 5.0-mm proximal tibia plates, and 3.5-mm distal tibia plate developed by Zimmer, Inc. (Zimmer periarticular locking plate). The longest plate from each group was used to confirm anatomical conformity. Standard approaches were used for each area, and soft tissue was retracted in order to pass the plate beneath the muscle. The position of the plate was confirmed using standard AP and lateral view X-rays. After this procedure had been completed, the region was dissected along the length of the implant to determine the conformity of the implant to bone and the penetrations of screws into the articular surface or violations of any vital structures, such as nerves, blood vessels, or tendons. Results: Excellent anatomical conformity was observed with Zimmer periarticular locking plates for Korean adults. The tibial nerve and the posterior tibial artery were found to be structures at risk when applying a distal tibial plate. Conclusion: Additional posterolateral fixation is recommended when dealing with cases of tibial plateau fracture when the fracture line extends to the posterolateral cortex. We recommend taking proper views using 10~15 degrees of internal rotation to ensure correct screw length and, thus, avoid penetration of vital structures and tendons.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.18-22
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• 2007

Purpose: To provide basic data on anatomy of the ankle joint in adults using magnetic resonance imaging as well as to compare measurements with available data of corresponding dimension in the different sizes of the total ankle replacements design ($HINTEGRA^{(R)}$). Materials and Methods: Magnetic resonance (MR) sagittal and coronal images from one hundred-forty nine were studied. Post traumatic, arthritic, or grossly deformed ankles at any reason were excluded. Lengths, widths of the main parts of this articulation and also the radius of curvature of talar dome were measured in the MR images. Statistical analysis was performed on these measurements. Results: On MR coronal image data, average tibial width was $30.0{\pm}4.1\;mm$ and talar width was $27.0{\pm}3.4\;mm$. On sagittal image date, average anteroposterior length of the distal tibia was $39.0{\pm}4.2\;mm$, average anteroposterior length of the talus was $31.3{\pm}2.8\;mm$, and average sagittal radius of curvature of talar dome was $20.1{\pm}2.9\;mm$. All measurements in male were significantly larger than in female (p<0.01), but a significant difference according to age was not found. Conclusion: Ankle morphometric data define a basis of size, particularly useful in the design of ankle prostheses.

• Advances in biomechanics and applications
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.143-158
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• 2014

Forearm fractures in children are very common among all pediatric fractures. However, biomechanical investigations on the pediatric forearm are rather scarce, partially due to the complex anatomy, closely situated, interrelated structures, highly dynamic movement patterns, and lack of appropriate tools. The purpose of this study is to develop a computational tool for child forearm investigation and characterize the mechanical responses of a backward fall using the computational model. A three-dimensional 10-year-old child forearm finite element (FE) model, which includes the ulna, radius, carpal bones, metacarpals, phalanges, cartilages and ligaments, was developed. The high-quality hexahedral FE meshes were created using a multi-block approach to ensure computational accuracy. The material properties of the FE model were obtained by scaling reported adult experimental data. The design of computational experiments was performed to investigate material sensitivity and the effects of relevant parameters in backward fall. Numerical results provided a spectrum of child forearm responses with various effective masses and forearm angles. In addition, a conceptual L-shape wrist guard design was simulated and found to be able to reduce child distal radius fracture.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.16-22
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• 1995

We analyzed 11 children who underwent epiphyseal transplantation to the forearm for manage growing deformity ranged from 2 years 6 months to years(average 5 years 10 months) follow-up period. Etiologies of the functional impairment of the eleven were five traumatic, three congenital and three tumorous conditions. Lesions of epiphysis were distal radius in eight patients and distal ulna in three patients. Operation was performed with removal of non-functioning or deformed epiphysis followed by transplantation of free vascularized proximal fibular epiphysis with microvascular anastomesis. Evaluation was performed radiologically and functionally. The 9(81.8%) patients showed growth of transplanted epiphysis by radiological examination during follow up. At the last follow up, average growth rate was 0.86cm per year excepts 2 cases of no growth. Active wrist motion near normal to contralateral joint was achieved in 7 patients. In other 2 patients, active joint motion was improved but weaker than contralateral joint. Complications on donor site were two transient peroneal nerve palsy which have been resolved after 2 and 5 months post operation and one valgus ankle deformity. The ankle deformity was corrected with $Langenski\"{o}ld$ operation of the dital tibiofibular fusion. At recipient site, there was one superficial infection and it was easily controlled by systemic antibiotics. Many subsequent reports have described successful nonvascularized epiphyseal transplante, but overall results have been inconsistent and unsatisfactory. Other experimental and clinical studies in the transfer of vascularized epiphyses has encourage its clinical application. We also could gel successful growth in several cases with free vascularized epiphyseal transplantation.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.115-117
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• 2018

Lingual nerve injury is a rare complication of general anesthesia. The causes of lingual nerve injury following general anesthesia are multifactorial; possible mechanisms may include difficult laryngoscopy, prolonged anterior mandibular displacement, improper placement of the oropharyngeal airway, macroglossia and tongue compression. In this report, we have described a case of bilateral lingual nerve injury that was associated with orotracheal intubation for open reduction and internal fixation of the left distal radius fracture in a 61-year-old woman. In this case, early treatment with dexamethasone effectively aided the recovery of the injured lingual nerve.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.315-321
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• 2023

Pediatric carpal fractures are rare and often difficult to detect. This paper reviews the current literature on pediatric non-scaphoid carpal fractures, with a case report of a lunate fracture associated with a distal radius and ulnar styloid fracture, managed nonoperatively in a 12-year-old boy. There is lack of consensus regarding the management of these fractures due to the low number of reported cases. A frequent lack of long-term follow-up limits our understanding of the outcomes, but good outcomes have been reported for both nonoperative and operative management. This case report brings attention to the current time period for the definition of delayed union in pediatric carpal fractures, and emphasizes the need for prolonged follow-up for the detection of delayed complications leading to functional impairment.