• Title/Summary/Keyword: Distal end

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Prediction of air inflow during central venous catheter insertion: experimental study (중심정맥관 삽입 시 발생하는 공기유입량의 예측: 실험연구)

  • Jung, Hyo Jae;Kim, Yang Weon;Park, Chang Min;Park, Chul Ho;Kang, Ji Hun;Yoon, Yoo Sang
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Emergency Medicine
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    • v.29 no.6
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    • pp.641-648
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    • 2018
  • Objective: This study examined the incidence and amount of air inflow during central venous catheter (CVC) insertion. Methods: This study was an experimental study aimed at designing an apparatus to implement blood vessel and blood flow in the human body. A 1.5-m long core tube with a Teflon tube, suction rubber tube, and polyvinyl chloride tube were made. This core tube was assumed to be the blood vessel of the human body. Blood was replaced with a saline solution. The saline solution was placed higher than the core tube and flowed into the inside of the tube by gravity. The CVC was injected 15-cm deep into the core tube. The air was collected through a 3-way valve into the upper tube. The experiments were carried out by differentiating the pressure in the tube, CVC insertion step, and diameter of the end of the catheter. The experiment was repeated 10 times under the same conditions. Results: The amount of air decreased with increasing pressure applied to the tube. Air was not generated when the syringe needle was injected, and the amount of air increased with increasing size of the distal end catheter. Conclusion: To minimize the possibility of air embolism, it is necessary to close the distal end catheter at the earliest point as soon as possible.

A Density-Functional Theory Study on Mechanisms of the Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction Reaction on the Nickel(100) Surface (범밀도함수이론에 기초한 니켈(100) 표면에서의 전기화학적 질소환원반응 메커니즘에 관한 연구)

  • Minji Kim;Sangheon Lee
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • v.61 no.4
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    • pp.604-610
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    • 2023
  • The nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR), which produces NH3 by reducing N2 under ambient conditions, is attracting attention as a promising technology that can reduce energy consumption in industrial processes. We investigated the adsorption behaviors at various active sites on the Ni (100) surface, which is widely used among catalytic metal surfaces capable of adsorbing and activating N2, based on density-functional theory calculations. We also investigated two N2 adsorption structures, so-called end-on and side-on structures. We find that for the end-on case, N2 is adsorbed on a top site, and the reaction proceeded in a distal pathway, while for the side-on case, N2 is adsorbed on a bridge site, and the reaction proceeded with enzymatic pathway. Finally, this study provides insight into the adsorption of metal catalyst surfaces for the NRR reactions based on the calculated Gibbs free energy profiles of the thermodynamically most favorable pathways.

Operative Treatment of Distal Clavicle Fracture Nonunion (원위 쇄골 불유합의 수술적 치료)

  • Kang, Ho-Jung;Yoon, Hang-Seob;Hahn, Soo-Bong;Kim, Sung-Jae
    • Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.220-226
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    • 2007
  • Purpose: The distal clavicle has a biomechanical structure different from that of the proximal or middle 1/3 clavicle, and delayed union or nonunion occurs frequently in a distal clavicle fracture. The authors obtained favorable results from an open reduction and bone grafting of the distal clavicle nonunion. We report the results together with review of the relevant literature. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 8 patients(average age, 38.9) who had undergone surgery for distal clavicle nonunion from August 2003 to May 2006. Nonunion occurred after surgical treatment in 4 cases, and after conservative treatment in the other 4. In all cases, the patients complained of pain. Results: The mean follow-up duration was 14 months, and radiological union was observed in 8 weeks on average. In all cases, the range of shoulder joint motion was normal at the end of the follow-up observation. In the functional evaluation, 7 cases showed excellent results and 1 case showed good results. Conclusion: Surgical treatment is a safe and reliable treatment for distal clavicle fracture nonunion because it can achieve early rehabilitation and union.

Aortic Arch Aneurysm Repair using a Prosthetic Graft with a Pre-mounted Distal Stent (Frozen Elephant Trunk) (원위부에 스텐트가 포함된 인조혈관 (Frozen Elephant Trunk)을 이용한 대동맥궁 동맥류 수술)

  • Chang, Hyoung-Woo;Chung, Eui-Suk;Choi, Jin-Ho;Lim, Cheong;Park, Kay-Hyun
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.42 no.3
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    • pp.375-379
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    • 2009
  • Difficulty in exposing anastomotic sites is a frequently encountered problem during surgical repair of a distal aortic arch aneurysm via median sternotomy or lateral thoracotomy. Endovascular repair has th limitation that it usually requires surgical rerouting of some of the brachiocephalic branches in order to get sufficient length for proximal fixation of the stent-graft. To take advantage of each approach, we fixed the distal end of the prosthetic graft by means of a pre-mounted metallic stent instead of performing conventional surgical anastomosis during the repair of distal arch aneurysms with using median sternotomy and hypothermic circulatory arrest. We report here on our experience with such 3 patients.

A Study on the Status of Use and Value of 'Saemi' in Sacheon Alluvial Fan (사천 선상지 '새미'의 이용 실태 및 가치 고찰)

  • Kim, Dohyun;Jeong, Myeong Cheol;Seo, Ki Chun
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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    • v.24 no.4
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    • pp.85-95
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    • 2022
  • This study is about the story of 'Saemi', existing in the Sacheon Alluvial fan area. Saemi is a local word for Dumbeong, which is the traditional water irrigation facilities in this area that could be formed according to the geographical characteristics of a Alluvial fan site. In the meantime, although Saemi has been an important source of water, related research has been mainly done from an ecological point of view. Accordingly, the researcher paid attention to the functional aspects of Saemi itself, grasped its location, distribution status, and usage including the construction method, and considered its intrinsic value through classification and characteristic analysis of Saemi. As a result of five field surveys from September 2021 to October 2022, 129 Saemies remained in the Sacheon alluvial fan area. According to the structure and shape, Saemi could be divided into basic type, complex type, and buried type. The basic type was subdivided into bucket-type and stairs-type along with the complex type, and the buried type was subdivided into all buried-type and some buried-type. Saemies were mainly distributed at the distal end of the Sacheon alluvial fan site, individual Saemies were built on farmland, and common Saemies were usually built along roadsides adjacent to villages. The reason why the Saemies are concentrated at the distal end is the geographical characteristics of the alluvial fan where the water underflows. Saemi was an important multifunctional water supply source equivalent to the main water source for people at the distal end of the pond who did not receive a stable supply of water from the reservoir. Saemi was at the center of the underground water irrigation network agricultural system in the Sacheon alluvial fan area according to the principles of 'bbaeim(drop out)' and 'gaepim(pooling)' It has provided a foundation for establishing itself as an appropriate technology in this area. Such Saemi contributed to the rural landscape and agricultural biodiversity through its own system and served as a public interest function. It is necessary to know, conserve, manage, and continuously utilize the value of this Saemi as an agricultural heritage.

Electron Microscopical Observation on the Phage of Bacillus subtilis SNU 816 (Bacillus subtilis SNU 816의 Phage에 대한 전자현미경적 관찰)

  • Ahn, Kyung-Joon;Lee, Zoo-Shik;Lee, Woong-Jik
    • Applied Microscopy
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.69-73
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    • 1982
  • The phages of Bacillus subtilis SNU 816 were observed by electron microscope with their host. The results are as follows; The phage had hexagonal head, contractile tail sheath and base plate with six tail fibers. During the lysis of bacteria due to attack of phage, dissolution of flagella were initiated from distal end of flagella.

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Finite Element Analysis of Stent Expansion Considering Stent, Artery and Plaque Interaction (유한요소 해석방법을 이용한 스텐트와 혈관, Plaque의 상호작용에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Sung-Min;Park, Sung-Yun
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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    • v.23 no.10
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    • pp.121-125
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    • 2006
  • In this paper, results are presented by nonlinear finite element simulations in order to analy the interactions between the stent and artery or plaque. Maximum of von Mises stress was calculated in the contacting areas between the stent and the artery. The simulated results show that the distal end of stent, which tilts after expansion, may injure the artery wall. In conclusion, this study may help designing new stents.

The aberrant right subclavian artery combined with the thymoma (이상 우쇄골하동맥에 대한 수술 1예 치험)

  • 이건우
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.438-442
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    • 1986
  • The case of a 40-year-old male with symptom related to a anomalous right subclavian artery [dysphagia lusorium] combined with thymoma is described. He was treated by removal of the thymoma and resection of the retroesophageal right subclavian artery with anastomosis of its distal end to the ascending aortic arch by Gore-Tex. This procedure relieved the dysphagia and provided the right arm with normal arterial circulation.

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Description of the Male of Alloclubionoides ovatus (Arachnida: Araneae: Amaurobiidae) from Korea

  • Kim, Byung-Woo;Lee, Won-Cheol
    • Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.143-145
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    • 2008
  • The first known males of the spider Alloclubionoides ovatus (Paik, 1976) from Korea are described with detailed illustrations, spination of each leg and trichobothrium patterns. Males have a large conductor expanded curvedly 'p'-shaped with thin membrane of distal end surrounded the linear embolus and slender embolus penetrating tegulum.

Percutaneous Insertion of the Distal Catheter during Ventriculo-Atrial Shunts. A Simple and Reliable Method

  • Kim, Young-Jin
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • v.41 no.6
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    • pp.429-431
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    • 2007
  • Although the ventriculo-peritoneal shunt is the treatment of choice when hydrocephalus should be corrected, the ventriculo-atrial shunt still holds strong alternative when the peritonium is precluded due to the several reasons. During the ventriculo-atrial shunt operation, it is not always easy to dissect and find the corresponding venous structures. In this technical note, the author describes a simple method of percutaneous insertion for placement of the atrial end.