• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.479-482
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• 2012

Membrane process has been one of the widely applied wastewater treatment options, especially in field. However, one of the tricky issues in the process is to treat concentrates generated from reverse osmosis (RO) system in a manner of saving cost with maximum efficiency for treating a wide range of contaminants. Stimulated with the challenging issues, we have conducted a series of experimental studies in the evaluation for removing organics and nutrients using activated carbon. Results indicated that while powdered activated carbon (PAC) efficiently removed organics and the extent of removal was proportional to the PAC dosage, little removal of nitrogen and phosphorus was observed despite increasing the PAC dose. Interestingly, applying PAC was superior in removing organics than using granular activated carbon (GAC). These results suggest smaller particle size with higher surface area could provide greater chemical reactivity in removing organics.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.189-199
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• 2002

Nitrogen, in its various forms, can deplete dissolved oxygen levels in receiving waters, stimulate aquatic growth, exhibit toxicity toward aquatic life and affect the suitability of sewage for reuse. Pilot-scale Rotating Biological Contactor(RBC) experiments were conducted to examine biological nitrification, respectively, of municipal sewage with five different internal recirculation ratios of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 using the constant hydraulic loading of $205L/m^2{\cdot}day$. The use of internal recirculation improved nitrification on account of the dilution of biodegradable organic carbon in influent sewage down to 15 mg/L of $SBOD_5$ or less. Ammonium nitrogen of $14.3{\pm}2.4%$ was consumed by cellular assimilation without the occurrence of denitrification. The thickness of biofilm didn't seem effect significantly the nitrification and denitrification. Nitrification with internal recirculation was found to occur using hydraulic loading rate of as high as $205L/m^2{\cdot}day$, which was beyond the generally known values of it.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.57-68
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 커피 폐기물 기반의 질소가 포함된 다공성 탄소 섬유 형태로 제조하여 고에너지 EDLC용 탄소 소재로 활용하고자 하였다. 커피 폐기물은 분쇄과정을 거쳐 폴리비닐피롤리돈과 용매인 다이메틸폼아마이드에 혼합한 후 전기방사를 통해 커피 폐기물 기반의 섬유 형태(Bare-CWNF)의 물질로 만들었으며, 질소 분위기의 900℃에서 탄화를 진행하여 커피 폐기물 기반의 질소가 포함된 다공성 섬유 형태(Carbonized-CWNF)의 물질을 제조하였다. Carbonized-CWNF는 Bare-CWNF와 같이 섬유 형태를 유지하였으며 질소 함량 역시 유지되는 것을 확인하였다. 커피 폐기물의 탄화 탄소(Carbonized-CW)및 폴리아크릴로나이트릴 기반의 탄소섬유(Carbonized-PNF)를 Carbonized-CWNF와 -1.0-0.0V의 전압 범위에서 전기화학적 성능을 비교한 결과, Carbonized-CWNF가 가장 높은 비정전용량(123.8F g^-1 @ 1A g^-1)을 확보할 수 있었다. 이를 통해 커피 폐기물 기반의 질소가 함유된 다공성 탄소 섬유가 고에너지 EDLC(Electric double layer capacitor)용 전극으로 우수한 성능을 나타내는 것을 확인하였다. 최종적으로, 환경 오염의 원인이 되는 식물성 바이오매스 중 커피 폐기물을 활용하여 친환경성을 확보하였고, 식물성 바이오매스와 같은 폐기물을 슈퍼커패시터와 같은 고성능 에너지 저장 매체로의 탈바꿈 할 수 있는 가능성을 제시하였다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2005년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.393-396
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• 2005

The reactive transport model on the biologically mediated sequential nitrate transformation and its subsequent transport was developed and tested. This model was coded as a reaction module within the RT3D framework (Clement, 1997). Transports of the reasonable six mobile solutes (dissolved organic carbon, $O_2,\;{NO_3}^-,\;{NO_2}^-,\;N_2O,\;N_2$) and two immobile microbes were simulated. The simulation results gave a reasonable match with supposed transport pattern. For the next step, the developed model will be validated against experimental data.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.50-56
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• 1998

A solvent sublation was studied for the determination of trace Cd, Co, Cu and Ni in water samples. Ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (APDC) was used as a complexing agent. Experimental conditions such as pH of solution, amounts of APDC, the type and amount of surfactant, the type of solvent, etc. were optimized for the effective sublation of analytes. After metal-PDC complexes were formed in sample solutions of pH 2.5, the precipitate-type complexes were floated in a flotation cell with an aid of sodium lauryl sulfate as a surfactant and by bubbling with nitrogen gas. The precipitates were dissolved and separated into the surface layer of methyl iso-butyl ketone (MIBK). The analytes preconcentrated were determined by a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry (GF-AAS). Extractability of each element was 88% for Cd(Ⅱ), 86% for Co(Ⅱ), 95% for Cu(Ⅱ) and 76% for Ni(Ⅱ), respectively. And this procedure was applied to the analysis of real samples. From the recoveries of more than 92%, it was concluded that this method could be simple and applicable for the determination of trace elements in various water samples of a large volume.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2002년도 생물공학의 동향 (X)
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• pp.361-364
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 오존과 생물활성탄을 연계시킨 공정을 통하여 용존 유기물질의 제거 경향을 살펴보았다. 오존 처리를 거치면서 원수중의 난분해성 용존 유기물질과 같이 생물학적 분해 속도가 느린 화합물의 상당량이 저분자 형태로 전환되었음을 파악할 수 있었으며, 오존 처리후의 생분해성의 향상에 의해 흡착의 부담이 경감되어 활성탄의 수명이 연장되는 것으로 조사되었다. 생물활성탄 반응조 내에서 여층 깊이에 따른 DOC 제거 경향을 알아본 결과, 전체 제거량의 약 50%가 column 상단에서 제거되었으며, 따라서 짧은 EBCT 에서도 용존 유기탄소의 제거는 용이한 것을 사료된다. 또한 유기 오염에 대한 지표로서 국내외에서 일반적으로 고도정수처리의 처리 대상물질로 선정되어 있는 암모니아성 질소의 제거는 75.9%로 상당히 높은 제거율을 나타내었다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.197-203
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• 2014

This study estimated spatial and seasonal variation of water quality to understand characteristics of Nakdong river basin, Korea. All together 11 parameters (discharge, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, 5-day biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, pH, suspended solids, electrical conductivity, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total organic carbon) at 22 different sites for the period of 2003-2011 were analyzed using multivariate statistical techniques (cluster analysis, principal component analysis and factor analysis). Hierarchical cluster analysis grouped whole river basin into three zones, i.e., relatively less polluted (LP), medium polluted (MP) and highly polluted (HP) based on similarity of water quality characteristics. The results of factor analysis/principal component analysis explained up to 83.0%, 81.7% and 82.7% of total variance in water quality data of LP, MP, and HP zones, respectively. The rotated components of PCA obtained from factor analysis indicate that the parameters responsible for water quality variations were mainly related to discharge and total pollution loads (non-point pollution source) in LP, MP and HP areas; organic and nutrient pollution in LP and HP zones; and temperature, DO and TN in LP zone. This study demonstrates the usefulness of multivariate statistical techniques for analysis and interpretation of multi-parameter, multi-location and multi-year data sets.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권11호
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• pp.4204-4212
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• 2023

Background: Storage reservoirs of radioactive waste could be the source of atmospheric pollution due to the efflux of aqueous aerosol from their water areas. The main mechanism of formation of aqueous aerosols is the collapse of gas bubbles at the water surface. In this paper, we discuss the potential influence of biological factors on gas ebullition in the water areas of the radioactively contaminated industrial reservoirs R-9 (Lake Karachay) and R-4 (Metlinsky pond) of the Mayak PA. The emission of the released non-dissolved gases captured with gas traps in reservoir R-9 was (88-290) ml/m² per day (2015) and in reservoir R-4 (270-460) ml/m² per day (2016). The analysis of gas composition in reservoir R-4 (60% methane, 35% nitrogen, 2.4% oxygen, 1.5% carbon dioxide) confirms their biological origin. It is associated with the processes of organic matter destruction in bottom sediments. The major source of organic matter in bottom sediments is the dying phytoplankton developing in these reservoirs. Conclusion: The obtained results form the basis to set a task to quantify the relationship between the phytoplankton development, gases ebullition and radioactive atmosphere contamination.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.74-80
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• 2015

통영 연안 양식장 주변 해역에서의 환경특성을 조사하기 위해 2013년 7월부터 12월까지 통영 주변 10개 정점에서 해수와 퇴적물 내의 pH, 용존산소(DO), 용존무기질소(DIN), 용존무기인(DIP), 화학적산소요구량(COD), 산휘발성물질(AVS)에 대해 분석하였다. 양식장 주변 해수의 수질항목들은 계절별에 따른 경향성을 나타내었으며, 퇴적물 속 COD와 AVS를 분석한 결과 수질항목과는 달리 어장으로부터의 거리에 따라 농도가 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 이는 본 조사지역에서 반폐쇄성 만에 위치하고 있는 어장 활동에 의해 오염된 유기퇴적물이 비교적 빠른 유속으로 인해 주변 해역으로 분산된 것으로 예측된다.

• 한국지능시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국퍼지및지능시스템학회 2000년도 추계학술대회 학술발표 논문집
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• pp.452-455
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• 2000

There are increasingly important financial incentives and environmental consideration to improve the effluent quality of wastewater from domestic and industrial users. The activated sludge process is a widely used biological wastewater treatment process. The activated sludge process is complicated due to the many factors such as the variation of influent flowrate and concentration, the complexity of biological reactions and the various operation conditions. Nowadays, not only suspended solids and residual carbon, but also nitrogen and phosphorous concentration of the effluent water must be taken into account for the design and operation of wastewater treatment plants. Also, the effluent quality to be met are more stringent. Therefore, an intelligent control approach is required in order to successful biological nitrogen removal. In this paper, the strategies for dosage of extra carbon in the anoxic zone and DO concentration in the aerobic zone are presented and evaluated through the simulation using the denitrification layout of the IWA simulation benchmark implemented by Matlab$\^$/5.3/Simulink$\^$/3.0. The control strategy to achieve sufficient denitrification rates in an anoxic zone. Methanol is used as an external extra carbon source. The external extra carbon source is required for the nitrogen removal process because nitrogen and organic concentration are fluctuated in the influent flowrate. The dissolved oxygen is calculated by So concentration in the activated sludge model NO.1. The air flowrate of each aerobic reactor is intelligently controlled to achieve the predefined setpoints. Air flowrate is adjusted by the fuzzy logic controller that includes two inputs and one output. The objective function for the optimization procedure is designed to improve effluent quality and reduce the operating cost.