Recently the global epidemic problem of obesity has stimulated intense interest in the study of physiological mechanisms using animal models as a way to gain crucial data required for translation to human studies. Panax ginseng has been reported to have anti-obesity or antidiabetic effects in many animal studies; however, there have been few studies investigating human obesity. Herein, we will assess and examine the evidence supporting the anti-obesity effect of Panax ginseng in animal models with respect to anthropometric and metabolic outcomes. We will include controlled, comparative studies assessing the effect of Panax ginseng in preclinical studies of obesity. Panax ginseng will be administered during or following the induction of experimental obesity. The primary outcome measure will be anthropometric assessment and the secondary outcome measures will include adipose tissue weight, total amount of food consumed and metabolic parameters. We will search MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus without language, publication date, or other restrictions. Ethical approval will not be necessary as the data collected in this study will not be individual patient data, consequently there will be no concerns about violations of privacy. After finishing the whole procedure, the results will be disseminated by publication in a peer-reviewed journal or presented at a relevant conference. This protocol has been registered on the Collaborative Approach to Meta-Analysis and Review of Animal Data from Experimental Studies (CAMARADES) website (http://www.camarades.info).
Histopathological vascular changes in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) caused by Hantaan virus include increased vascular permeability, disseminated intravascular coagulation, thrombocytopenia and changes in coagulation activity. Although vascular endothelial cells of main target organs such as kidney infected with Hantaan virus are not damaged but swelling of endothelial cells, perivascular exudates and infiltration of mononuclear cells and fresh interstitial hemorrhages are common. However, the pathogenesis of cell infiltration and hemorrhages around vascular endothelial cells are not well understood. Some endothelial cell molecules or vascular adhesins that acts as adhesion moleulces for leukocyte are expressed on endothelial cells close to site of inflammation. However, whether the expression of endothelial adhesion molecules such as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) and endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule (ELAM) on vascular endothelial cells are increased by infection with Hantaan virus has not been studied. In this study, the relationship between the expression of VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and ELAM and adhesion of mononuclear cells on endothelial cells of human blood vessels infected with Hantaan virus was investigated. The endothelial cells of umbilical vein was passaged three times in culture medium and the monolayered cells were infected with $10^5\;pfu/ml$ of Hantaan virus grown in Vera E6 cell cultures. The multiplication of virus in cultured endothelial cells was monitored by immunohistochemistry and the expression of adhesion molecules was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies against VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and ELAM. And in situ hybriditation against ICAM-1 was also performed. The endothelial adhesion molecules, VCAM and ICAM, were expressed after 6 hours postinfection, respectively, and their expressions lasted for 72 hours. Similar expression of VCAM and ICAM appeared on endothelial cells by infection with virus, but the expression of ELAM was not recognized up to 72 hours postinfection. Microscopically, it was noted that many monocuclear cells adhered on endothelial cells infected with viruses. In an electronmicroscopic study, the transendothelial migration of mononuclear cells was observed on monolayered endothelial cells infected with virus. This results suggested that the endothelial adhesion molecules, particulary VCAM and ICAM, might be expressed on endothelial cells by infection with Hantaan virus and these molecules play a key role in the adhesion and extravasation of inflammatory cells around blood vessels.
Lee, So Ra;Ko, Sun Young;Yoon, So Young;Lee, Yeon Kyung;Shin, Son Moon
Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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v.26
no.3
/
pp.199-205
/
2019
Enteroviral infections are common in neonates. One important infection pathway is vertical transmission from an infected mother to her neonate. Here, we report the early detection and successful treatment of a vertically transmitted fulminant enteroviral infection associated with myocarditis and hepatitis. The patient had a sudden onset of high fever on the fourth day of life and developed severe, rapidly progressing symptoms of disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC), hepatitis, and myocarditis accompanied by tachyarrhythmia. As it was the peak season for enteroviral infections and both the mother and the patient's 36-month-old sibling had a high fever around the time of delivery, we suspected an enteroviral infection. Thus, we initiated prompt evaluation of enteroviral infection, as well as close observation and intensive care of the neonate. We strongly recommend evaluation for the possibility of vertical enterovirus infection in neonates when the mother is suspected of having a viral infection (e.g., high fever and negative results from bacterial infectious studies) around the time of delivery and when the neonate shows some early symptoms of infectious diseases such as thrombocytopenia, DIC, hepatitis, and myocarditis. Early detection of enteroviral infections and prompt implementation of proper treatment are key to reduce the risk of complications and mortality associated with enteroviral infections in neonates.
Kim, Geunhan;Lee, Moung-Jin;Jeon, Seong-Woo;Park, Songmi;Lee, Eunjin
Journal of Environmental Policy
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v.12
no.3
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pp.3-20
/
2013
Recently, impacts and damages of extreme climate change have already affected on worldwide. Thus adaptation and action plan are essential concepts in minimizing the impacts of climate change. In order to introduce climate change adaptation decision-making measure, the need for high-quality and integrated information system within adaptation policy has increased enormously. However, most of adaptation information is based on different sources and various backgrounds. Currently, domestic climate change information is disseminated from about 132 internet sites and most of them are limited to general information of climate change, rather than information that are based on scientific evidence. Also, there are some difficulties in updating new resources. Reliable climate change information is provided from different agencies, which makes users difficult to locate right information they need. As a progress to overcome the limitations of these problems, we carried out a feasibility research on integrated information system for climate change adaptation. For the objectives, our solutions are as follows. First, we analyzed definition of climate change adaptation and climate change adaptation information. Second, we suggested integrating the information system for adaptation and phased implementation plan for establishing integrated information system for climate change. Finally, we verified the establishment of integrated support system based on policy applications of integrated information system. This system will provide an integrated climate change information and be a very useful tool to support the decision making process of effective climate change adaptation policies.
Neonatal bleeding is a common problem encountered in nursery rooms or neonatal intensive care units, especially among premature infants. Furthermore, owing to recent remarkable improvement of neonatology, survival rates of preterm neonates have increased; hence, neonatal bleeding cannot be emphasized enough. Since the total blood volume of neonates is small, bleeding can be one of the causes of morbidities and mortalities. Therefore, rapid diagnosis and immediate therapy is urgently needed. The patient's medical history including a familial history of a bleeding disorder or of a previously affected infant who suffered from bleeding along with maternal and neonatal drugs can provide important diagnostic clues. Presence of bleeding with or without petechiae and ecchymoses in a healthy term or late preterm infant with thrombocytopenia but normal prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time strongly suggests a congenital bleeding disorder. For a sick infant who is bleeding from multiple sites, an acquired disorder such as disseminated intravascular coagulation is suspected. Intracranial hemorrhage in term or late preterm infants without a history of birth trauma is highly suggestive of coagulation disorders. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent advances in diagnostic methods is as well as basic concepts of neonatal hemostatic disorders. First, an outline of background information will be presented followed by a discussion of primary and secondary hemostatic disorders as well as inherited and acquired disorders.
Nessa, Ashrafun;Hussain, Muhammad Anwar;Ur Rashid, Mohammad Harun;Akhter, Nargis;Roy, Joya Shree;Afroz, Romena
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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v.14
no.5
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pp.3131-3137
/
2013
Background: Visual inspection of cervix with acetic acid (VIA) is offered at 252 centers in 64 districts of Bangladesh. VIA+ve women are managed at colposcopy clinics of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) and 14 Medical College Hospitals (MCHs). This research work has been supported by 'UICC Cancer Prevention Campaign' programme. Objectives: This study explored the role of print materials and electronic media to improve cervical cancer screening in the present socio-cultural context of Bangladesh. Methods: This study was performed from January to August 2011 at two upazilas of Bangladesh (Singair with screening facility and Sonargaon without screening facility). Data were collected by focus group discussion (FGD) with women, husbands and community people before and after intervention. Information on cervical cancer screening and VIA camps was disseminated using advertisement through local cable line of the television, microphone announcement, service providers and leaflet throughout the week prior to a VIA camp. Three-day VIA camps were organized at the upazila health complex (UHC) of both upazilas. Quantitative data was gathered from women at the camps on source of information on VIA and the best method of awareness creation. Results: The population was aware of "cancer" and a notable number knew about cervical cancer. Baseline awareness on prevention and VIA was low and it was negligible where screening services were unavailable. Awareness was increased fourfold in both upazilas after interventions and half of the women and the majority of the community people became aware of screening and available facilities. Cable line advertisement (25.5%), microphone announcement (21.4%), and discussion sessions (20.4%) were effective for awareness creation on VIA. Television was mentioned as the best method (37.4%) of awareness creation. Conclusion: Television should be used for nation-wide awareness creation. For local awareness creation, cable line advertisement, microphone announcements and health education at Uthan Baithaks/ EPI sessions can easily be adopted by the government.
Dissemination of XML data on the internet could breach the privacy of data providers unless access to the disseminated XML data is carefully controlled. Recently, the methods using encryption have been proposed for such access control. However, in these methods, the performance of processing queries has not been addressed. A query processor cannot identify the contents of encrypted XML data unless the data are decrypted. This limitation incurs overhead of decrypting the parts of the XML data that would not contribute to the query result. In this paper, we propose the notion of query-aware decryption for efficient processing of queries against encrypted XML data. Query-aware decryption allows us to decrypt only those parts that would contribute to the query result. For this purpose, we disseminate an encrypted XML index along with the encrypted XML data. This index, when decrypted, informs us where the query results are located in the encrypted XML data, thus preventing unnecessary decryption for other parts of the data. Since the size of this index is much smaller than that of the encrypted XML data, the cost of decrypting this index is negligible compared with that for unnecessary decryption of the data itself. The experimental results show that our method improves the performance of query processing by up to 6 times compared with those of existing methods. Finally, we formally prove that dissemination of the encrypted XML index does not compromise security.
Forest vegetation types were studied by the phytosociological investigation and the TWINSPAN method in Ulleung Island, Korea. Two hundred thirty-two releves were sampled with $100m^2$ plots. Two main vegetation types, the mountain forest(Acer okamotoanum community group) and maritime forest(Artemisia scoparia community group), have been distinguished and typified twenty-two vegetation units. The former was divided in 4 communities, 11 groups and 7 subgroups. The latter was 2 communities and 5 groups. In a case of life-forms of mountain and maritime vegetation type, the composition ratio of species that had featured trees and herbs, hemicrypthophyte, a seed dispersion-type by wind or nature falling and erection form was high in the mountain vegetation type. Species that had featured shrubs, chamaephyte, disseminated mainly by a wind in the herbs, and animals and man or no special modification in the woody, narrowest extent of rhizomatous growth and the clonal growth by stolons and struck roots and procumbent form were abundantly distributed in the maritime bluff vegetation type. Particularly, the composition ratio of Sambucus sieboldiana var. pendula community(A6), disturbed vegetation type of middle-lower slope of mountain, that had featured a seed dispersion-type by wind, moderate and narrowest extent of rhizomatous growth and Tussock form was high.
The geology of Sepola district in Mali is consisted of Birrimian group with metasedimentary rocks of lower Proterozoic and volcanoclastics, and later intrusive igneous rocks. Ore diposit in this district has the characteristics of vein- and disseminated-type gold deposit which was formed by infilling the secondary fracture zones related to the large-scale fault zone of NW direction within Birrimian group. It is confirmed as promising that Barani district has the gold grade of 0.53${\sim}$9.21 g/t with the extension of 1.3 km and width of 1 to 20.1 m. The ore mineralogy is simple with electrum, pyrite and galena. Fineness of gold grain ranges from 848 to 915(average 891) indicating mesothermal to hypothermal environment. Fluid inclusions are classified as liquid-rich type I. gas-rich type II and liquid-$CO_2$ bearing type III. Primary and pseudosecondary inclusions homogenize from 236 to 393$^{\circ}C$ with salinity of 0.0 to 8.6 wt% NaCl. Secondary inclusions homogenize from 103 to 184$^{\circ}C$ with salinity of 0.7 to 8.6 wt.%. From the relationship between homogeniztion temperature and salinity, it may be thought that auriferous fluid experienced dilution and cooling through inflow of meteoric water after fluid unmixing derived from pressure decrease in the temperature range of 400 to 250$^{\circ}C$. From the massive occurrence of quartz vein, simple mineralogy with paucity of sulfide, and presence of liquid-$CO_2$ bearing with high homogenization temperature, it is thought that gold mineralization in Sepola district correspods to the mesothermal to hypothermal ore deposit.
The Sambo gold deposit located nearby the Cretaceous Hampyeong basin is composed of gold quartz fine vein(the Jija vein) within Cretaceous rhyolite showing $N10{\sim}20W$ trends as well as $N5{\sim}10E$ trending quartz veins(the Pungja, Gwangsan and Pungjaji veins) in Precambrian gneiss. The gold vein typically displays the intermittent and irregular fine veins within rhyolite. Electrum is disseminated in wallrock along the fine cracks as well as coexists with hematite replacing pyrite. Ore-forming fluids from the mineralized vein($H_2O/-NaCl$ system, Th; $340{\sim}200^{\circ}C$, Salinity <2.7 eq. wt.% NaCl) and NE-trending veins($H_2O-NaCl/-CO_2$ system, Th; $400{\sim}190^{\circ}C$, salinity <7.9 eq. wt.% NaCl) are featured by dissimilar physicochemical conditions but their fluid evolution trends(boiling and mixing) are similar with each other. Gold veins of the Sambo deposit filled along NNW-trending tension crack are related to pull-apart basin evolution. Selective gold mineralization of the deposit reflect to dissimilarity between two ore-forming fluid sources. Consequently, gold veining of the Sambo deposit formed at shallow-crustal level and could be categorized into epithermal-type gold deposit related to tensional fractures filling triggered by Cretaceous geodynamics.
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