• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2011

클레임의 발생원인과 예방에 대하여 많은 연구들이 수행되어 왔으나, 개선방안 혹은 제도개선, 대응방안 등에 대한 연구가 대부분이었다. 특히, 잠재되어 있는 클레임에 대한 구체적인 내용들을 정리하고, 예방을 위한 실무적인 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 그러므로 향후 발생할 수 있는 클레임에 대해, 그 중 설계단계에서 잠재될 가능성이 큰 원인들을 사전에 검토 및 재확인하여 클레임을 예방할 수 있는 수단이 부족하다. 본 연구에서는, 클레임이 발생되는 시기가 대부분 시공단계이지만 클레임의 원인은 설계단계에서 발생하는 점에 착안하여, 설계단계에서 잠재된 클레임 예방을 위하여 설계단계의 설계서 등을 포함한 계약문서를 중심으로 연구를 수행하였다. 클레임의 근거서류를 준비하고, 관련법규의 적용규정을 확인하면서 클레임 발생원인을 짚어볼 수 있는 체크리스트를 개발하였다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.17-31
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• 1982

A physician assumes toward his patient the obligation to use such reasonable care and skill as is commonly possessed and exercised by physicians in the same general line of practice in the same or similar localities and to use his best judgment at the times. Medical disputes between physicians and patients are, ever more increased in these days as human body, happens to cause a variety of changes in body unlike the function of machine. Such increased trends of medical disputes became a problem in common across the word under the influence of affluent living standard, high consciousness of life value and right by today's people. The aim of this dissertation is oriented to forming a physician's responsibilities in medicalcare accidents arising between physicians and patients. A general physician, for example, has not been negligent merely because, a specialist might have treated the patient with greater skill and knowledge. However, the fact that a physician may have acted to the best of his ability will not avoid legal problems for damages resulting from substandard treatment, that is the degree of care and skill which is to be expected of the ordinary practitioner in his field of practice. The duty of a physician who is, or holds himself out to be, a specialist is greater in the field of his specialty than one who is a general physician. A patient's consent to routine medical procedures is implied from the fact that patient comes to the physician with a medical problem and voluntarily submits to the procedures. For the more serious medical procedures and for major operations, however, it is preferable for the physician to have the patient's consent in writing, to facilitate proof of the consent in the event of a dispute or litigation. Suppose that mistakes on the part of physicians are likely to be blamed in all cases of malpractice. Then it will create a sort of shrinkage in activities of medical treatment. There should be some limitation on excessive application of 'The thing speaks for itself' on mistakes by physicians and availablity of cause and effect. It is a matter of complicity as well as a matter of importance to draw a definite boundary on responsibilities of physician. A series of further research on this particular aspect is strongly urged.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.203-207
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• 2012

The noise emitted from an excavator has long been a cause of environmental disputes, while causing displeasure to the nearby residents. So, the ministry of environment adopted the construction machinery noise labeling system to encourage the construction machinery manufacturing companies to develop the low noise construction machinery voluntarily. But, as the quality of life improves, a growing number of people desire the comfortable and quite environment to live in. Under the situation, noise from the construction machinery has been a major cause for stress and complaints. When the noise dispute happened in the construction site, the sound pressure level of the construction machinery like a excavator was measured at the lot boundary of the noise victim's residence to judge how much noise damage occur. But the sound pressure level of the construction machinery is measured differently according to the acoustic environment of construction site and the measuring position, respectively, which makes it difficulty to judge whether the noise damage occur or not. As the sound power level of noise source is not affected by the acoustic environment of construction site and the measuring position, if we use the information of the sound power level, it will be easy to judge whether the noise damage occur and to establish the soundproofing measures. Therefore, we derive the sound power level regression model of the excavator to judge whether the noise emitted from the excavator damages to residents near the construction site. Also, the sound power level regression model of the excavator drawn in this paper will help construction companies to plan the noise reduction program in the construction sites.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.115-121
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• 2012

최근 심각한 차대 보행자의 교통사고로 인명피해가 발생함에도 불구하고 사고원인에 대한 과학적으로 정확히 규명하지 못해 사고처리에 대한 논쟁이 끊임없이 발생하여 경제적 손실 및 정신적 고통이 가중되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 차대보행자의 교통사고분석을 위해 객관적인 교통사고관련 물적 증거자료를 토대로 차량공학, 주행역학), 충돌역학, 교통 및 도로공학 등을 검토하였고, PC-Crash 프로그램을 이용하여 충돌전 차량의 충돌초기속도, 진행궤적 및 충돌자세, 충돌전후속도, 충돌지점 등의 인자를 적용한 결과를 얻어 교통사고의 원인을 분석하였다. 그 결과로 스키드마크 및 보행자 충돌속도는 이론값과 비교할 때 각각 11.2%, 2.27%의 오차를 얻었다.

• 인지과학
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.541-572
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• 2016

인과 추론은 심리학에서는 물론 최근 베이스 접근법을 취하는 인지과학자들에 의해서도 활발히 연구되고 있다. 본 연구는 인과추론에 대한 대표적 심리학 이론인 힘-확률대비이론(a power probabilistic contrast theory of causality)을 중심으로 인과 추론의 최근 동향을 개관하고자 한다. 힘-확률대비이론에서는, 원인은 결과를 일으키거나 억제하는 힘(power)인데, 이 힘은 특정한 조건하에서 통계적 상관을 통해 파악될 수 있다고 가정한다. 본 논문에서는 이 이론에 대한 초기의 경험적 지지 증거를 먼저 살펴본 다음, 베이스 접근에 기반을 둔 이론과의 쟁점을 명확히 하고, 원인은 맥락에 무관하게 동일하게 작동한다는 인과적 불변성 가정(causal invariance hypothesis)을 중심으로 한 보다 최근의 연구 결과를 소개하고자 한다. 이 연구들은 종래의 통계적 접근법으로는 잘 설명되지 않는 결과를 제시함으로써, 철학, 통계학, 그리고 인공 지능 등과 같은 인접 분야에 인과성에 대한 힘 이론을 진지하게 고려할 것을 촉구하고 있다.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제11권8호
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• pp.783-792
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• 2016

본 논문은 교차로 영상기록장치 시스템으로서 교차로 구간 영상과 신호등 현시 영상을 수집하여 하나의 영상정보로 통합한 후 중앙센터로 전송하는 시스템이다. 시스템은 교차로 영상과 신호등 현시 영상을 획득하는 영상 획득 과정과 획득한 두 영상을 단일의 영상으로 통합하는 과정을 거쳐 중앙센터로 전송하고 기록하도록 구성되어 있다. 이 시스템을 활용하여 사고 발생시 유고정보를 신속히 전파하여 2차 사고를 예방하고 사고의 원인을 판단하는데 소요되는 시간과 분쟁을 줄일 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.150-158
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• 2007

공기지연은 건설공사에 있어서 가장 빈번하게 발생하는 클레임의 발생요인이다. 공기지연으로 인한 지체상금은 판결과정에 있어서 많은 분쟁을 불러일으키고 있다. 지체상금은 '손해배상의 예정'으로 실제 발주자가 입은 손실에 대한 보상액이 되어야 한다. 그러나 실제로는 계약 불이행에 대한 위약금의 형태로 적용되고 있다. 이러한 지체상금은 발주자의 실제 손실과 차이가 있으며, 수급자에게 과도한 부담으로 작용한다. 본 연구에서는 발주자의 실제 손실에 기반을 둔 지체상금 산정방법을 제안하고자 한다.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.187-210
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• 2019

This article examines the necessity for the introduction of an ICSID Appellate System. In comparison with the WTO appellate system, the ICSID ad hoc Committee has a very limited mandate. An annulment inquiry under the ICSID arbitration system barely focuses on whether the arbitral decision resulted from a justifiable process. As long as there is procedural legitimacy, the resulting awards remain unaffected under the annulment procedure, irrespective of mistakes of fact or law. In contrast, in the WTO DSS the AB substantively reviews panel rulings and suggestions that are founded on any deficiency of objectivity or error in the interpretation of a particular WTO provision. This defect intrinsic in the annulment procedure could cause injustice to a party earnestly interested in correcting recognized misapplication of law by ICSID tribunals. Accordingly, the establishment of an appellate system would result in a more substantive and procedural review of awards. The creation of such an ICSID appellate system would ensure thorough scrutiny of the decisions of the tribunal of first instance, leading to better reasoned outcomes. This could lead to a crystallization of predictability in investment relations. The end result would be that fairness, clarity, reliability, and legality in the ICSID adjudicative process would be unassailable, to the advantage of all the contracting parties.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.439-455
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• 2008

The SPS Agreement, concluded in the Uruguay Round for the purpose of controlling SPS risks, has traditionally been recognized to maintain the narrowest scope of application compared with TBT Agreement and GATT in relation with environmental provisions. Contrary to such an understanding on the scope of the SPS Agreement, the panel in the EC-Biotech case found that the SPS Agreement extends to regulate trade-restrictive measures on Genetically Modified Organizations(GMOs) causing health and environmental risks. This expanding scope of the SPS Agreement would have substantial influence on domestic environmental regulations as well as Multilateral Environmental Agreements(MEAs). This paper discusses the consequences of an expanding ambit for the WTO SPS Agreement through the designation of a wider range of health and environmental regulations affecting trade as SPS measures. As a result, not only precautionary measures on GMO risks, but also other health and environmental measures with trade impacts, could be subject to SPS control, and consequently, the institutional rigors of the WTO regime. However, strict and literal interpretation of the SPS provisions to expand its applicable scope would cause concerns about the WTO's intervention on the purely environmental measures. Pursuing harmonized and flexible interpretation of provisions on environment-related conflicts as well as accepting precautionary principle included MEAs will contribute to reduce such kind of concerns.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2008년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.863-868
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• 2008

In accordance with the guidelines on the balcony structure changes in December 2005, most of tenants were moving into apartment housing, expand the balcony, but some large deviation between the price construction costs set of cases, due to overuse and the cause of the dispute, and the housing law amended in 2007 due to price cap system is implemented, the cost of expansion the balcony overdose pointed out that there is set to boost the sale price has been raised. These issues in order to improve the government in January 2008, the "Note costs by the balcony expansion" suggested guidelines to protect the rights of tenants and wants to promote the settlement of the sale price cap system. This study calculated the "Note costs by the balcony expansion" window system based on double or single, high performance insulation window system of the quantitative performance analysis of each type window that purpose.