• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.169-173
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• 2006

Six nano disperse dyes were prepared using corresponding O/W nanoemulsions which were obtained with sodium laurylsulphate and caprylic triglyceride. The average particle size of the dyes prepared were in the range of $110{\sim}130nm$. Exhaust dyeing using nano dyes resulted in low exhaustion yields of $17{\sim}26%$ on regular polyester fiber and $28{\sim}38%$ on ultramicrofiber polyester. The observed low exhaustion yields of nano disperse dye can be explained by the solubilization of dye particles into surfactant micelles as well as the high stability of the nanoemulsions, these might reduce the capacity of dye uptake onto the fibers. However, higher K/S values of dyeings with nano dyes on ultramicrofiber sites compared to those on regular polyester sites suggested their potential to be more efficient dyes for finer denier microfiber polyesters.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.32-43
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• 2000

Batch culture system and continuous culture systems were used to investigate the removal of disperse dye using white rot fungi. White rot fungi used in the study were Coriolus hirsutus IFO 4917, Lenzites betulina IFO 6266, Coriolus versicolor IFO 30340 and Phanerochaete chrysosporium IFO 31249. The results of the batch culture experiment showed that white rot fungi used in this study had excellent dye removal abilities. Phnerochete chrysosporium IFO 31249 was especially effective on the removal of disperse dyes. And continuous treatment of disperse red 60 was studied under two type of reactor using Phanerochaete chrysosporium IFO 31249. The removal efficiency of disperse red 60 for immobilized Phanerochaete chrysosporium IFO 31249 in continuous reactor with vertical matrix was increased 1.3 fold in $1.4\;hr^{-1}$ dilution rate when compared with continuous reactor without vertical matrix.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.129-132
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• 2013

In this study a disperse dye immunoassay method was standardized and evaluated for detection of antibodies against Neospora caninum in cattle. Sera from 150 cattle with a recent history of abortion were collected and tested by commercial ELISA kit and a standardized in-house dye immunoassay system. The positivity rate for the sera used in this study was 34.6% for the disperse dye immunoassay (DDIA) compared to 32% obtained by ELISA kit. This study showed no significant difference between DDIA and ELISA. The results indicated that the DDIA provide an economic, simple, rapid and robust test for detection of N. caninum infection in cattle.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.145-154
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• 2010

An alkalophilic microorganism capable of degrading dyes was developed for the treatment of alkaline dye solution. This strain was identified as Pseudomonas species. Using this microorganism, biological treatment of dye was studied in Erlenmeyer flasks. The characteristics of this microorganism were observed under various incubating-condition such as temperature, pH, nitrogen source, and macronutrients concentration. The removal effciencies of Disperse Red 60 from synthetic wastewater were 33.5 ~ 36.9% at the range of $30{\sim}40^{\circ}C$, and they were 31.1 ~ 36.7% at the range of initial pH 8 ~ pH 10, respectively. The optimal culture medium was found to be 0.25%(w/v) yeast extract, 0.25%(w/v) polypeptone, 0.1%(w/v) $KH_2PO_4$, 0.2%(w/v) $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$, and 1.0%(w/v) $Na_2CO_3$. In treatment of various dyes using Erlenmeyer flasks, the removal effciencies of Disperse Blue 87, Disperse Yellow 64, Disperse Red 60, Acid Blue 193, Acid Red 138, and Direct Yellow 23 were found to be 76%, 71%, 58%, 93%, 94%, and 90% respectively after 24hrs reaction of alkalophilic strain Pseudomonas sp. YBE-12.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.30-39
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• 1994

To study the printing behaviors of Polyester and cotton(P/C) fabrics printed with disperse and reactive dyes, the effects of alkalis on the fixation of reactive dyes and the alkali-stability of disperse dyes in various methods of fixation were examined. The anthraquinone disperse dyes which have diamino derivatives as substituents without hydroxy group, such as C.I. Disperse Violet 1(D.V.1), C.I. Disperse Violet 28(D.V.28) and C.I.Disperse Blue 60(D.B.60) showed good results of fixation without regard to the concentration of NaHCO$_3$. In case of high temperature steaming(HTS) and unsaturated steaming(US)/HTS, D.V. 1 was alkali-stable and effective for P/C printing. A good result was obtained with D.V.1 and C.I.Reactive Orange 13(R.O.13) paste of 4% $K_{2}CO_{3}$. It was found that the unfixed D.V.28 bearing chloro group can hinder the fixation of monochlorotriaxinyl reactive dyes, and D.B.60 made little stain on 100% cotton. In thermosol(Tm), the dye uptake of D.V.1 was not decreased so much, but those of D.V.28 and D.B.60 were greatly decreased.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.270-275
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• 2006

The dyeability of poly(lactic acid) [PLA] with a range of commercial disperse dye was examined and compared to that of poly(ethylene terephthalate) [PET] in addition to the colour and fastness of the resultant dyeings. A screening exercise in which twenty dyes of differing energy types and chemical classes were applied to PLA revealed a substantial variation between the dyes in terms of dye uptake (12-88 % at 4 % o.w.f.). Nine dyes exhausted above 70 % and were selected for further study, which involved comparison of shade and fastness of PLA dyeings with those of the corresponding PET dyeings. Differences in shade depended on hue while wet fastness of each of the PLA dyeings was either the same or 0.5-1.0 point lower than its PET counterpart. In all but one case, dye photostability in PLA was found to be very similar to that in PET. Dye build-up profiles on PLA were also investigated and from these results mixtures of compatible dyes identified.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 1998

In the prior study, we found that the dye uptakes of C. I. Disperse Violet 1 on PET in hexane and cyclohexane were higher than those in the other solvents. Therefore, in this study, the dye uptakes and the partition coefficients in alkanes having different number of carbon atoms were obtained and their relationship to the solubilities of the dye in alkanes was also investigated. As the number of carbon atoms of alkanes increases, solubility of the dye increases but the dye uptake decreases. This is due to the fact that the hydrophobicity of alkanes become relatively strong as increasing the number of carbon atoms. It was also found that the dye uptakes in iso-alkanes were larger than those in normal alkanes. This is because that the branched alkanes(iso-alkanes), judging from the tendency of lowering solubility and increasing dye uptake as decreasing the number of carbon atoms of alkanes, behave like the alkanes with less number of carbon atoms rather than the alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms. The logarithmic plot of the dye uptakes vs. the solubilities of the dye showed that the dye uptakes are linearly and inversely proportional to the solubilities. This is in good accordance with the results of the prior study. The heat of dyeing was also calculated from the equilibrium adsorptions at various temperatures. It seemed that the dyeings of PET by C. I. Disperse Violet 1 in nonane, decane, iso-pentane and iso-octane were rather endothermic processes. Dyeing rates in alkanes were somewhat delayed unlike general appearances in solvent dyeing.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.319-327
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• 2002

Nylon 6 ultramicrofiber(UMF, monodenier 0.074d) and regular staple fiber(monodenier 2.05d) were dyed with acid and disperse dyes to investigate the effect of the difference of the fiber fineness. Also X-ray diffraction pattern, birefringence, DSC thermogram, moisture regain and water absorption of these fibers are measured. The dyeing rate of nylon UMF with acid dyes is increased compared with that of regular fiber, but not increased for disperse dyes. Also the saturation dye uptake of UMF with acid dyes is higher than that of regular fiber, while it is unchanged for disperse dyes. The moisture regain of UMF is similar to the regular fiber, whereas the water absorption of UMF is two times th그n that of the regular fiber. The crystallinity percentage of UMF is higher than that of regular fiber.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.1-9
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• 1997

Four aminoazobenzene disperse dyes derived from different N-ethyl-N-substitutedalkylanilines and 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline, were synthesized and their chemical structure were analyzed by 500 MHz NMR spectroscopy. The wavelength of maximum absorption of the synthesized dyes, which was dependent on the electron withdrawing ability of the substituent, was in the range of 499.5~526.0nm. As terminal substituent became polar, the dyeing rate of disperse dye increased, and the exhaustion rate of dyes having cyano or hydroxy group became lower, that of the dye having acetoxy group higher. The wash fastness of polyester fabric dyed with disperse dyes possessing the polar group improved probably due to the increased dye-fiber interaction.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.159-163
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• 2001

Five yellow disperse dyes were synthesized and their dyeing, fastness and photodegradation behaviors were investigated. It was found that dyes derived from phenylindole and N-alkylaminobenzene showed dye uptake directly proportional to the dye concentration, but the build-up of dyes derived from carbazole and pyridone were not good. The wavelength at maximum absorption. molar extinction coefficient. and the tendency to the photodegradation were strongly dependent on the electron donating ability of the coupling component. The dye, whose coupling component was phenylindole, possessed the excellent dyeing properties and the high degree of lightfastness. UVA had an effect on the inhibition of the photodegradation especially for the easily photodegradabte dyes.