• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.40-49
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• 2006

A novel disturbance measurement method, model based disturbance observer (MBDO) for optical disk drives (ODDs), is proposed and the disturbance analysis using the proposed method is performed under various conditions. In ODDs, the quantitative and qualitative analysis for the generated disturbance during normal operation is very important to successful servo loop design. However, the disturbance measurement is difficult, and high precision measurement is necessary. Furthermore, the conventional disturbance measurement method using a LDV (laser Doppler vibrometer) has many difficulties in eccentricity direction due to the vertical movement of an optical disk. To solve this problem, the MBDO is proposed. First, the relationship between the servo loop for ODDs and the generated disturbance are briefly reviewed. Second, the principle of the MBDO is introduced, and the disturbance measurement results, which are measured by the MBDO and a LDV, are compared. In these experiments, test DVD-ROM disks are used to generate quantitative/qualitative disturbance. Then, the disturbance analysis under various conditions is performed using waterfall technique. This technique clearly shows the disturbance trend from the inner part of an optical disk to the outer part of it. Finally, the various disturbances measurement results are summarized and some remarks for it are commented.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.178-188
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• 2017

목적:본 연구에서는 새로 개발된 다이오드 레이저 제품을 이용하여 레이저 파워에 따른 온도변화와 박테리아 멸균 비교실험을 통하여 기존 제품과의 임플란트 주위염치료에 대한 효과를 비교 실험하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 808 nm Diode laser와 810 nm Diode laser를 사용하여 디스크에 레이저를 60초간 조사하였으며, 출력은 1 - 2.5 W로 설정하였다. 온도측정 모듈과 온도측정 프로그램을 이용하여 disc 표면온도변화를 측정하였다. 또한, SLA, RBM이 코팅된 disc에 bacteria 도포 후, 808 nm Diode laser를 30초간 조사하였으며, 출력은 0.5 - 3 W로 설정하였다. 결과: 808 nm, 810 nm 두 장치 모두 출력이 증가함에 따라 온도 상승폭은 증가하였다. 모든 조건에서 810 nm laser를 조사하였을 때 초기온도상승속도, 하강속도 및 전후의 온도변화량은 808 nm laser 보다 높았다. 레이저 조사 후 티타늄 디스크 표면의 변화는 두 레이저 모두에서 관찰되지 않았다. Bacteria가 도포된 디스크에 808 nm laser를 조사한 결과, 출력이 증가 함에 따라 살균효과가 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 결론: Diode laser를 임상에 적용하는 경우, 동일한 출력에서 온도의 변동폭이 적고 최대 상승온도가 낮은 808 nm laser가 환자에 안전할 것으로 사료된다. 하지만 실제로 임상에 적용하기 위해서는 보다 다양한 안전성평가를 실시하여 장비에 대한 신뢰성을 확보하여야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2016

This study applied laser surface melting process using CW(Continuous wave) Yb:YAG laser and cold-work die steel SM45C and investigated microstructure and hardness. Laser beam speed, power and beam interval are fixed at 70 mm/sec, 2.8 kW and $800{\mu}m$ respectively. Depth of Hardening layer(Melting zone) was a minimum of 0.8 mm and a maximum of 1.0 mm that exceeds the limit of minimum depth 0.5 mm applying trimming die. In all weld zone, macrostructure was dendrite structure. At the dendrite boundary, Mn, Al, S and O was segregated and MnS and Al oxide existed. However, this inclusion didn't observe in the heat-affected zone (HAZ). As a result of interpreting phase transformation of binary diagram, MnS crystallizes from liquid. Also, it estimated that Al oxide forms by reacting with oxygen in the atmosphere. The hardness of the melting zone was from 650 Hv to 660 Hv regardless of the location that higher 60 Hv than the hardness of the HAZ that had maximum 600 Hv. In comparison with the size of microstructure using electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD), the size of microstructure in the melting zone was smaller than HAZ. Because it estimated that cooling rate of laser surface melting process is faster than water quenching.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.66-75
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• 2013

In this study, the effect of coating thickness($20{\mu}m$ and $30{\mu}m$) on microstructure and tensile properties in Yb:YAG disk laser welds of Al-Si-coated boron steel (1.2mmt) was investigated. In the case of as welds, the quantity of ferrite was found to be higher in base metal than that in HAZ (Heat Affected Zone) and fusion zone, indicating, fracture occurrs in base metal, and the fracture position is unrelated to the coating thickness. Furthermore, yield strength, tensile strength of base metal and welded specimens showed similar behavior whereas elongation was decreased. On the other hand, base metal and HAZ showed existence of martensite after heat treatment, the fusion zone indicated the presence of full ferrite or austenite and ferrite during heat treatment ($900^{\circ}C$, 5min), After water cooling, austenite was transformed to martensite, and the quantity of ferrite in fusion zone was higher as compared with in base metal, resulting in sharply decrease of yield strength, tensile strength and elongation, which leads to fracture occured at fusion zone. In particular, results showed that because the concentration of Al was higher in 30um coating layer specimen than that of 20um coating specimen, after heat treatment, producing a higher quantity of ferrite was higher after heat treatment in the fusion zone; howevers, it leads to a lower tensile property.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.361-368
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• 2004

콤팩트디스크(CD-R; Compact DiskRecordable)를 성분별로 분리하여 제작하고, 다층 박막 구조를 만들어서 레이저빔의 에너지를 변화시켜 가면서 조사하여 각 성분 층에서의 최적 미소 점 마킹 조건과 홈 형성 과정에 관하여 연구하였다. 본 연구는 Q-스위치 Nd:YAG 레이저를 이용하여 준비된 각 시료의 표면에 27∼373 mJ 빔을 80 $\mu\textrm{m}$의 점적 크기로 조사하여 샘플에 형성된 흠 형태를 광학현미경(OM; Optical Microscope)과 광 결맞음 단층촬영기(OCT; Optical Coherence Tomography)로 비교-관찰하여 미소 점 마킹의 형성 과정을 분석하였다. 다층 박막에서 용융된 기판 층은 짧은 시간동안 충분한 열 흐름이 발생하여 증배의 형성을 야기하며, 반사 층과 염료 층 사이에 흡수된 에너지는 염료를 용융시키고 체적을 증가시켰으며, 증배가 식으면서 표면장력의 영향 및 레이저빔에 의한 순간적인 시편의 온도상승으로 기화와 반동압력에 의한 질량흐름 때문에 두 층의 경계면에서 홈과 외륜의 발생을 설명할 수 있었다. 따라서 다층 박막에서의 미소 점 마킹의 형성 과정은 표면장력, 용융 점성력, 층 두께, 다층 박막 성분 물질의 물리화학적ㆍ광학적 성질과 관계가 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.296-302
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• 2014

Objectives: It is difficult to achieve adhesion between resin cement and zirconia ceramics using routine surface preparation methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of $CO_2$ and Er:YAG laser treatment on the bond strength of resin cement to zirconia ceramics. Materials and Methods: In this in-vitro study 45 zirconia disks (6 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness) were assigned to 3 groups (n = 15). In control group (CNT) no laser treatment was used. In groups COL and EYL, $CO_2$ and Er:YAG lasers were used for pretreatment of zirconia surface, respectively. Composite resin disks were cemented on zirconia disk using dual-curing resin cement. Shear bond strength tests were performed at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min after 24 hr distilled water storage. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey's HSD tests. Results: The means and standard deviations of shear bond strength values in the EYL, COL and CNT groups were $8.65{\pm}1.75$, $12.12{\pm}3.02$, and $5.97{\pm}1.14MPa$, respectively. Data showed that application of $CO_2$ and Er:YAG lasers resulted in a significant higher shear bond strength of resin cement to zirconia ceramics (p < 0.0001). The highest bond strength was recorded in the COL group (p < 0.0001). In the CNT group all the failures were adhesive. However, in the laser groups, 80% of the failures were of the adhesive type. Conclusions: Pretreatment of zirconia ceramic via $CO_2$ and Er:YAG laser improves the bond strength of resin cement to zirconia ceramic, with higher bond strength values in the $CO_2$ laser treated samples.

• 한국레이저가공학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2014

This research was conducted as a fundamental study to apply tailored blank welding technique into automotive production process. Specially we tried to apply the TWB technique to exhaust system. The materials used in this work were ferritic 439 stainless steel sheet with a thickness of 1.2mm and 0.8mm. Welding tests were conducted for BOP test and dissimilar thickness (0.8 to 1.2t) cases. Major process parameters were position of focus, travel speed, shielding gas and joint (gap) condition. As a result, there are nothing significant welding characteristic compare with TWB of carbon steel. Stainless steel shows the good weldability and mechanical properties (tensile, hardness and forming strength) also shows high level. Just problem is gap condition. However, also in this case, it shows not only good forming strength but also base metal fracture after tensile test. And to conclude, it is good opportunity to make lightweight design muffler using TB welding technique.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집E
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• pp.542-547
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• 2001

A non-intrusive Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence(PLIF) technique was applied to study the turbulent mixing process in a Rushton turbine reactor. Instantaneous and ensemble averaged concentration fields are obtained by measuring the fluorescence intensity of Rhodamine B tracer excited by a thin Nd:Yag laser sheet illuminating the whole center plane of the stirred tank. The gray level images captured by a 14-bit cooled CCD camera can be transformed to the local concentration values using a calibration matrix. The dye injection point was selected at the tank wall with three quarter height (3/4H) from the tank bottom to observe the mixing characteristics in upper bulk flow region. There exist distinct two time scales: the rapid decay of mean concentration in each region after the dye infusion reflects the large scale mixing while the followed slow decay reveals the small scale mixing. The temporal change of concentration probability functions conjectures the two sequential processes in the batch type mixing. An inactive column of water existed above the impeller disk, in which the fluid rotates with the shaft but is isolated from the mean bulk flow.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제26권8호
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• pp.1145-1152
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• 2002

A non-intrusive Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence(PLIF) technique was applied to study the turbulent mixing process in a Rushton turbine reactor. Instantaneous and ensemble averaged concentration fields was obtained by measuring the fluorescence intensity of Rhodamine B tracer excited by a thin Nd:Yag laser sheet illuminating the whole center plane of the stirred tank. The gray level images captured by a 14-bit cooled CCD camera could be transformed to the local concentration values using a calibration matrix. The dye injection point was selected at the tank wall with three quarter. height (3/4H) from the tank bottom to observe the mixing characteristics in upper bulk flow region. There exist distinct two time scales: the rapid decay of mean concentration after the dye infusion reflects the large scale turbulent mixing while the fellowed slow decay reveals the small scale molecular mixing. The temporal change of concentration variance field conjectures the two sequential processes for the batch type mixing. An inactive column of water is existed above the impeller disk, in which the fluid rotates with the shaft but is isolated from the mean bulk flow.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.1808-1815
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• 2001

The characteristics of a pulsed plasma jet originating from an electrothermal capillary discharge have been investigate using laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) measurement. Previous emission measurements of a 3.1 kJ plasma jet show trial upstream of the Mach disk the temperature and electron number density are about 14,000 K and and 10$\^$17/ cm$\^$-3/, while downstream of the Mach dick tole values are about 25,000 K and 10$\^$18/ cm$\^$-3/, respectively. However, these values are barred on line-of-sight integrated measurements that may be misleading. Hence, LIF is being used to provide both spatially and temporally resolved measurements. Our recent work has been directed at using planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) imaging of atomic copper in the plasma jet flow field. Copper is a good candidate for PLIF studies because it is present throughout the plasma and has electronic transitions that provide an excellent pump-detect strategy. Our PLIF results to date show that emission measurements may give a misleading picture of the flow field, as there appeals to be a large amount of relatively low temperature copper outside the barrel shock. which may lead to errors in temperature inferred from emission spectroscopy. In this paper, the copper LIF image is presented and at the moment, relative density of atomic copper, which is distributed in the upstream of the pulsed plasma jet, is discussed qualitatively.