• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.32 no.3 s.92
• /
• pp.185-194
• /
• 2002

When treating borderline cases which have mild crowding, non-extraction treatment may be considered firstly. But crowding may be reappeared by relapse and it may have problems in esthetics and stability. Secondarily four first premolar extraction treatment may be considered. But this may cause dish-in face by overretracting anterior teeth. In this cases, extraction of four second premolar is preferred because this resolves crowding without aggravating profile and has good stability after treatment. So we review cases treated by four second premolar extraction which show good treatment results and stability. The patients had good profile, Class I molar relationship, mild crowding and skeletal discrepancy and their growth had almost completed.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
• /
• v.17 no.12 s.127
• /
• pp.923-926
• /
• 1979

In patient of long standing malunited maxillary fracture, maxillary osteotomy or refracture seems to be justifiable. This is a case of the patient, a 60 year old Korean female patient, presented a long-standing malunited maxillary fracture with dish-type face and functional disturbance in mouth opening. We performed upon her Le Fort I osteotomy only via labial-buccal horizontal incisions in one-stag operation. The result was good in esthetics and function.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.73-90
• /
• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Meat eaters face conflicts over meat consumption due to recent increasing demands for reduced-meat diets to promote human and environmental health. Attitudes toward consuming meat have been shown to be culture-specific. Thus, this study was performed to examine cultural differences in attitudes, beliefs, and patterns of meat consumption among meat eaters in a group homogeneous in terms of age and sex but with diverse ethnicities. SUBJECTS/METHODS: In this cross-sectional study conducted in New York City in 2014, 520 female meat eaters (Whites = 25%; Blacks = 20%; East Asians = 35%; Hispanics = 20%) aged 20-29 completed a questionnaire consisting of a series of questions on meat consumption behaviors, which addressed amounts of consumption, cooking methods, past and future changes in meat consumption, and attitudes and beliefs regarding relationships between health and meat consumption. Logistic and multiple regression analyses were used to assess the effects of variables on meat consumption. RESULTS: Blacks had the highest annual total meat consumption (64.2 kg), followed by East Asians (53.6 kg), Whites (46.9 kg), and Hispanics (35.8 kg). Blacks ate significantly more chicken than the other ethnic groups (P < 0.001), and East Asians ate significantly more pork and processed meat (P < 0.001). Regardless of ethnicity, grilling/roasting/broiling were the preferred cooking methods, and vegetables were most consumed as a side dish. More than half of the participants expressed an intention to decrease future meat consumption. East Asians more strongly perceived meat as a festive food (P < 0.001) and were less guilty about the slaughtering animals (P = 0.11) than other groups. No differences were found between the ethnic groups regarding negative attitudes to meat consumption. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that ethnicities differ in terms of attitudes, beliefs, and patterns of meat consumption. Irrespective of ethnicity, the meat-eating participants almost unanimously demonstrated a willingness to reduce future meat consumption. It is hoped these findings aid the formulation of culturally-tailored interventions that effectively reduce meat consumption.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.63-69
• /
• 2000

Le fort II osteotomy is much useful technique to correct the midfacial hypoplasia including nasomaxillary complex especilly in patient with dish face appearance. Not in simple orthognathic surgery but in Le Fort II osteotomy, the standardization of prognostic value is essential in treatment planning to achieve satisfactory postoperative results. According to pervious reports, the ratio of soft tissue change to hard tissue movements varies as to different surgical methods and different facial regions. But there are few report about the ratio of soft tissue change to hard tissue movement following Le Fort II osteotomy. So we tried to develop standarized soft tissue surgical treatment objective. We have followed up 16 patients, who had received Le Fort II osteotomy by one operator from 1990 to 1996, one year postoperatively. In cephalometrics, we used Frankfort line as horizontal reference line, and vertical reference line as one drawn from Sella to horizontal line perpendicularly. The landmarks are G to soft tissue G, N on reference line to soft tissue N, ANS to Pn and A to Sn. The results are as follows. 1. The value of soft tissue change to hard tissue movement showed positive correlation, having statistical significancy at G, N2, N3 point. 2. At G, N2, N3 point, the ratio of soft tissue change to hard tissue movement was 0.51, 0.98 and 0.80 respectively and showed statistical significancy, while at N1, ANS, A point, that was 0.72, 0.49 and 0.26 but didn't showed statistical significance. 3. This result shows much the same change of the soft tissue change to hard tissue movement on the upper nasomaxilla, and less the same change on the lower maxilla and so the Le Fort II osteotomy can be recommended as a reliable effective operation method for correction of nasomaxillary retrusion.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
• /
• no.59
• /
• pp.207-275
• /
• 2019

This archiving project of the survivors of suicide was done with the survivor supporting team of the Seoul Suicide Prevention Center. The survivor supporting team was operating a Self-help Support Group for the emotional support of the survivors of suicide. A Self-help Support Group is a place for the survivors of suicide to regularly meet and share their suffering by talking of topics hard to discuss elsewhere. As the Self-help Support Group progressed members who acted as the leader of the group appeared. They formed an essay group that writes together. Two fathers who lost their sons, two mothers who lost their daughters, a mother who lost her son, a wife who lost his husband. The essay group met each week in a place facing Sajik Park. Through the windows that took up the whole side of the room, evening was coming in. The things that happened during the day went away towards Inwang mountain following the setting sun. Ten people (six members of the essay group, three from the survivor support team, a historian for unique conversation) sat around a table, facing each other. "Now, what shall we do?" History for unique conversation is a time that archives life by sharing conversations. At times a complete stranger, and other times people who share their ordinary lives sit around together (3-9 people, sometimes about 15). On the table there is coffee, bread, fruits and salads, and sometimes a dish someone heartily prepared. When a bottle of wine is placed on the table, each takes a glass. Morning, afternoon, the time the evening is welcomed in, late night. It does not matter which. For six months, 3 hours when meeting every week, 6 hours when at every other week. A room where the ambience is like that of a kitchen where sunlight enters, or a cozy living room is the best location. However, there are many times when it is held in a multipurpose room in the suburbs where many meetings are held, or in a classroom of a school. The meeting place is decided according to different situations of the time. There are no participation requirements as it is said to be for themselves to write down according to archiving form while looking back their lives thoroughly, and they are the only ones to stop themselves. The archives landscape from far away would seem like trying to do some talking. However, when going into a microscopic situation one must leave themselves to the emotional dynamics. It is because it archives the frustration and failures one experienced through life. A participator of history for unique conversation must face the sufferings of their life. The archiving project took place in 2013 to 2014. Many years have passed. Has the objective distance for archiving the situation of that time been secured? That may be uncertain, but I will speak of a few stray thoughts on archiving while depicting the process and method of operation.