It is important to understand the potential human health implications of exposure to environmental chemicals that may act as hormonally active agents. It is necessary to have an understanding of how pharmaceutical and personal care products and other chemicals affect the ecosystem of our planet as well as human health. Endocrine disruption is defined as the ability of a chemical contaminating the workplace or the environment to interfere with homeostasis, development, reproduction, and/or behavior in a living organism or it's offspring. Certain classes of environmentally persistent chemicals such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins, furans, and some pesticides can adversely effect the endocrine systems of aquatic life and terrestrial wildlife. Research continues to support the theory of endocrine disruption. However, endocrine disruption researches have been applied to proteomics poorly. Proteomics can be defined as the systematic analysis of proteins for their identity, quantity and function. It could increase the predictability of early drug development and identify non-invasive biomarkers of tonicity or efficacy. Proteome analysis is most commonly accomplished by the combination of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D/E) and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS) sr protein chip array and SELDI-TOF MS. Proteomics have an opportunity to play an important role in resolving the question of what role endocrine disruptors play in initiating human disease. Proteomics can also play an imfortant role in the evaluation of the risk assessment and use of risk management and risk communication tools required to address public health concerns related to notions of endocrine disruptors. Understanding the need for the proteomics and possessing knowledge of the developing biomakers used to abbess endocrine activity potential will he essential components relevant to the topic of endocrine disruptors.
At present, the most common cause of cancer-related death in women is breast cancer. In a large proportion of breast cancers, there is the overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). This receptor is a 185 KDa growth factor glycoprotein, also known as the first tumor-associated antigen for different types of breast cancers. Moreover, HER2 is an appropriate cell-surface specific antigen for passive immunotherapy, which relies on the repeated application of monoclonal antibodies that are transferred to the patient. However, vaccination is preferable because it would stimulate a patient's own immune system to actively respond to a disease. In the current study, several bioinformatics tools were used for designing synthetic peptide vaccines. PEPOP was used to predict peptides from HER2 ECD subdomain III in the form of discontinuous-continuous B-cell epitopes. Then, T-cell epitope prediction web servers MHCPred, SYFPEITHI, HLA peptide motif search, Propred, and SVMHC were used to identify class-I and II MHC peptides. In this way, PEPOP selected 12 discontinuous peptides from the 3D structure of the HER2 ECD subdomain III. Furthermore, T-cell epitope prediction analyses identified four peptides containing the segments 77 (384-391) and 99 (495-503) for both B and T-cell epitopes. This work is the only study to our knowledge focusing on design of in silico potential novel cancer peptide vaccines of the HER2 ECD subdomain III that contain epitopes for both B and T-cells. These findings based on bioinformatics analyses may be used in vaccine design and cancer therapy; saving time and minimizing the number of tests needed to select the best possible epitopes.
Objectives: This study was conducted to examine the preferences and needs of typical Korean females adults for food and nutrition information provided by the mass media. Methods: A total of 343 females (77 in their 20s, 85 in their 30s, 88 in their 40s and 93 in their 50s) residing in the Seoul/Gyeonggido area was surveyed on general characteristics, main sources of food and nutrition information and needs for sources and contents of nutrition information. Results: The survey showed that typical Korean females obtained knowledge of food and nutrition mainly through the Internet (30.4%) and broadcasting (29.0%). Typical Korean females were interested in 'dietary management for weight control' (21.9%), 'the prevention and treatment of disease' (20.0%), 'food safety' (16.8%), 'proper dietary habits' (14.6%), 'cookery' (11.8%), 'functional foods' (9.6%), 'restaurant details' (3.5%) and 'life-cycle-specific dietary guideline' (1.6%). Needs for food and nutrition program forms on TV were 'educational programs' (34.3%), 'documentaries' (20.8), 'expert lecture-style' (13.0%), 'entertainment programs' (11.9%), 'expert conversation' (11.4%), 'news-style' (4.6%) and 'public campaign advertisements' (4.0%). On the Internet, 38.6% of the respondents preferred to get information provided by food and nutrition-related institutions (38.6%) while 26.1% preferred webtoons for nutritional information. The favored forms in mobile applications were 'monitoring their diets' (29.5%), 'data-based texts information' (21.4%), 'experts feedback' (20.6%), 'communities' (15.1%) and 'games' (13.1%). The rates of the preference to obtain information from experts such as nutritionists and dietitians and doctorsor dietitian turned reporters increased markedly with older ages. Conclusions: Since the mass media is a main source of food and nutrition information for the general public, the effectiveness and accuracy of the information provided should be enhanced by taking the needs of the public into account. The quality of information should be improved by involving more nutrition experts.
Oral health projects that cater to the disabled should be more prevailing in order to ensure the maintenance and successful promotion of the oral health of disabled people. 70 public dental clinics that conducted oral health projects geared toward the disabled were examined to get a precise grip on their oral health projects. The findings of the study were as follows: 1. 31 out of 70 public dental clinics investigated(44.3%) were equipped with two or more dental hygienists who were professional human resources in charge of the oral health projects for the disabled. As for the age and disability type of the beneficiaries of the oral health projects, adolescents(74.3%) and people with mental retardation(87.1%) benefited most from the oral health projects. Concerning the most common implementation frequency of the projects, the projects were carried out once to three times a week(62.9%). 2. The most dominant oral disease treatment provided to disabled people was amalgam treatment and resin treatment(68.6%), which were the early dental caries treatment. The most common preventive treatment that was offered to improve their oral health was oral prophylaxis(82.9%). As for reform measures for the oral health projects, education of personnels in charge of the projects and their specialization(58.6%) were most emphasized. 3. Regarding factors related to the preventive oral health projects for the disabled, the implementation of oral prophylaxis and toothbrushing education was linked to the age of the beneficiaries. More oral prophylaxis was offered to teens, and more toothbrushing education was provided to preschoolers and adolescents. The age of the beneficiaries and the number of dental hygienists responsible for the projects had something to do with the application of fluorides. 4. Concerning the relationship of the preventive oral health projects for the disabled to the number of dental hygienists, one of the personnels in charge of the projects, the application of fluorides( 54.4%) and pit & fissure sealing(56.8%) were more prevalent when there were two or more dental hygienists. There was a statistically significant disparity in that regard(p<0.05). The above-mentioned findings illustrated that in order to boost the oral health of the disabled, dental hygienists who are responsible for the oral health projects for the disabled should put ceaseless efforts into fostering their professional knowledge and ability and offering quality service to disabled patients. Every public dental clinic should be equipped with plenty of professional personnels to enlarge the scope of treatment and ensure the efficiency of treatment and the preventive projects.
Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify the attributes of self-help groups, their antecedents and consequences relating to self-help groups. Methods: We used the Walker and Avant (2010) method using the key word "self-help groups" the Korea Education and Research Information Service (www.riss4u.net), Pubmed, CINAHL and ProQuest for articles on this topic published between January 2000 and March 2013 were searched. Ultimately, 64 domestic and 21 foreign papers were selected for in-depth analysis. Results: The attributes of self-help groups are as follows: 1) members share common experiences and are supportive of each other; 2) members set goals for individual change; 3) groups are self-monitoring; 4) groups learn problem-solving processes through voluntary and active participation; and 5) groups are small and meet regularly. The antecedents of self-help groups are as follows: 1) an intervention by an expert; 2) a diagnosis of their illness; 3) motivation to change individuals' state; and 4) educational desire. The consequences of self-help groups are the relief of symptoms, the improvement of physiological parameters and quality of life, the decrease in depression, stress, and anxiety, the improvement of illness-related knowledge and self-help activity, and a change in beliefs. Conclusion: Self-help groups can be used as an intervention strategy to help people with chronic illness manage their own problems.
Purpose - This study aims to accomplish three major research goals. First, it strives to change consumers' focus from peripheral routes to a central route of public service advertising related to the good health policy, without problematic effects, by influencing consumers' knowledge or involvement. Second, this study examines the elaboration likelihood model (ELM) and construal level theory (CLT). Specifically, we consider that the central route of ELM might correspond with the focal goal of CLT. Third, this study analyzes ELM through CLT. That is, ELM predicted that low involvement would take the peripheral route, and high involvement would take the central route. Research design, data, and methodology - This study consisted of three experiments. The first experiment had a 2×2 between-subject design. The subjects were university students and the research period was approximately one year. The first independent variable was the involvement of the overweight issue; this variable was measured and split by the median. The second independent variable was the temporal distance (near vs. distant future); this variable was manipulated. The second experiment also had a 2×2 between-subject design. The first variable was the involvement of cervical adenocarcinoma prevention, and was considered already manipulated by sex. Specifically, males had a low involvement of the disease, but females had high involvement. The second independent variable was priming (power vs. submissive). Power priming would induce abstract thinking, but submissive priming would take concrete processing. The third experiment had a 2×2×2 between-subject design. The first variable was cognitive depletion, and was manipulated by memorizing 9-digit numbers. The second and third independent variables were involvement and abstract thinking induction, such as prior experiments. Data were collected through questionnaires, and were analyzed by an SPSS program. Major hypotheses were tested by examining the interaction effects through ANOVA. Results - Major findings are as follows. First, even for low-involved consumers in the overweight category, distant future manipulation induced them to focus not on the peripheral route but on the central route of the public service advertisement. This result does not correspond to the typical ELM prediction. Second, under power priming, low-involved males of the cervical adenocarcinoma category focused on the peripheral route because of the induction to abstract thinking. This result replicated the first experiment, and confirmed the theoretical robustness. Third, high-involved females focused not on the central but on the peripheral route under the mixed condition of cognitive depletion and near future manipulation. Depletion consumed cognitive resources, and the processing mode of consumers changed from systematic to heuristic. Conclusions - ELM needs to be complemented through CLT in context of public service good health advertising. Specifically, the involvement of ELM may impact consumers' thinking mode (abstract vs. concrete), and the interaction effects may influence consumers' focus on advertising (central vs. peripheral route). This study's limitations were bounded subjects, limited stimuli, and somewhat weak external validity.
Kim, Nam-Young;Jang, Keum-Seong;Ryu, Se-Ang;Kim, Yun-Min
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
/
v.9
no.3
/
pp.337-352
/
2003
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyse research trends related to the evaluation of quality of nursing, thereby obtaining basic data relating to the identification of current situation of instrument development of quality of nursing, and of future research orientation and to the development of performance index of nursing organization. Method: The data were collected from June to December, 2002 through the review of total of 32 research papers which had evaluated quality of nursing among published papers in Korea from 1976 to August 2002. The analysis was done in terms of research period, the periodicals in which research papers were published, domains and the approaches of evaluation of nursing quality. The content analysis of lowest-level items amounting was performed using NIC developed by McCloskey & Bulecheck(1998) and consequential indices of quality of nursing developed by Chi(1995). Results: Twenty-three of 32 papers(71.8%) turned out to be published after 1995, indicating surging interest in the evaluation of quality of nursing from the mid 1990s. Also, ten of 12 research papers dealing with subjects' diseases were published after 1995. In content analysis of lowest-level items of the process-oriented evaluation of quality of nursing, the highest nursing intervention was patient education about procedure and treatment; followed in descending order by patient education about disease process, strengthening of communication, managing environment, infection control, admission care, defecation and urination care. In content analysis of lowest-level items of the outcome-oriented evaluation of quality of nursing, items of physical and psychological state, of patient and family satisfaction, of knowledge and home care, of change of patients' state, of addressing nursing issues, and of patient recovery were the outcome indicators in more than 60 percent research papers. Conclusion: The findings provided the foundation for their effective use in nursing practice with comparing and presenting various core evaluation items representing process and outcome domains.
Lee, Hye Seung;Chang, Ji Ho;Lee, Hyeon Jeong;Park, So Jeong;Kang, Eun Hee
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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v.20
no.1
/
pp.61-72
/
2015
Objectives: This study was performed to examine nutrition problems and causes/contributing risk factors. Methods: This study was conducted using data 1,863 adults visited Asan health screening & promotion center located in Seoul, Korea during May to June of 2013. We used Nutrition Care Process Model developed by the International Dietetics & Nutrition Terminology (IDNT). Results: The most frequent nutrition problem in male subjects was excessive alcohol intake. Men in fifties showed the highest rate of excessive alcohol intake among the age groups examined (22.4%). By comparison, the most frequent nutrition problem in women was inadequate protein intake. Women in fifties exhibited the highest rate of inadequate protein intake (22.5%). The most common contributing factors for these observations were a low preference for dairy products followed by high preference for alcohol and a deficit in food-and nutrition-related knowledge, regardless of the sex and age. The most common nutrition problem observed among the group diagnosed with hyperglycemia or hypertriglyceridemia or hyperuricemia or fatty liver was excessive alcohol intake (p < 0.001), whereas the group diagnosed with hyperglycemia or hypercholesterolemia showed significantly higher rate of inappropriate intake of carbohydrate (fructose) compared to the group not diagnosed with such disease conditions (p < 0.05). The group diagnosed with hypercholesterolemia, hyperuricemia and fatty liver showed significantly higher occurrence of inappropriate intake of fat (saturated fat) than the group free of such diseases (p < 0.001). The osteopenia group showed higher rate of inadequate protein intake (p < 0.001) and the fatty liver group with excessive energy intake (p < 0.001). Overall, the results suggest that there is a significant relationship between nutrition problems and health conditions found in groups diagnosed with a diverse array of medical conditions. Conclusions: Therefore, we strongly suggest that dieticians should implement nutrition interventions with people visiting health screening & promotion center based on nutrition problems and the contributing factors diagnosed by dietitions in order to prevent chronic diseases in this population.
Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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v.15
no.12
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pp.197-207
/
2010
Using a variety of data-mining methods on high-throughput cDNA microarray data, the level of gene expression in two different tissues can be compared, and DEG(Differentially Expressed Gene) genes in between normal cell and tumor cell can be detected. Diagnosis can be made with these genes, and also treatment strategy can be determined according to the cancer stages. Existing cancer classification methods using machine learning select the marker genes which are differential expressed in normal and tumor samples, and build a classifier using those marker genes. However, in addition to the differences in gene expression levels, the difference in gene-gene correlations between two conditions could be a good marker in disease diagnosis. In this study, we identify gene pairs with a big correlation difference in two sets of samples, build gene classification modules using these gene pairs. This cancer classification method using gene modules achieves higher accuracy than current methods. The implementing clinical kit can be considered since the number of genes in classification module is small. For future study, Authors plan to identify novel cancer-related genes with functionality analysis on the genes in a classification module through GO(Gene Ontology) enrichment validation, and to extend the classification module into gene regulatory networks.
For patients who are near the end of life, an inevitable step is discussion of a do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order, which involves patients, their family members and physicians. To discuss DNR orders, patients and family members should know the meaning of the order and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) which includes chest compression, defibrillation, medication to restart the heart, artificial ventilation, and tube insertion in the respiratory tract. And the following issues should be considered as well: patients' and their families' autonomy, futility of treatment, and the right for death with dignity. Terminal cancer patients should be informed of what futility of treatment is, such as a low survival rate of CPR, unacceptable quality of life after CPR, and an irremediable disease status. In Korea, two different law suits related to life supporting treatments had been filed, which in turn raised public interest in death with dignity. Since the 1980s, knowledge of and attitude toward DNR among physicians and the public have been improved. However, most patients are still alienated from the decision making process, and the decision is often made less than a week before death. Thus, the DNR discussion process should be improved. Early palliative care should be adopted more widely.
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