• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.30-38
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• 2019

Background: Police officers' stress perception, frequency of stressful events (stressors), and police work characteristics may contribute to poor sleep quality through different mechanisms. Methods: We investigated associations of stress severity (measured by stress rating score) and frequency of stressors with sleep quality and examined the influence of police work characteristics including workload, police rank, prior military experience, and shift work on the associations. Participants were 356 police officers (256 men and 100 women) enrolled in the Buffalo Cardio-Metabolic Occupational Police Stress Study from 2004 to 2009. A mean stress rating score and mean frequency of stressors occurring in the past month were computed for each participant from the Spielberger Police Stress Survey data. Sleep quality was assessed using the global score derived from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index survey. Linear associations of the stress rating score and frequency of stressors with sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index global score) were tested. Age, sex, race/ethnicity, and smoking status were selected as potential confounders. Results: The stress rating score was positively and independently associated with poor sleep quality (${\beta}=0.17$, p = 0.002). Only workload significantly modified this association (${\beta}=0.23$, p = 0.001 for high workload group; p-interaction = 0.109). The frequency of stressors was positively and independently associated with poor sleep quality (${\beta}=0.13$, p = 0.025). Only police rank significantly modified the association (${\beta}=0.007$, p = 0.004 for detectives/other executives; p-interaction = 0.076). Conclusion: Both police officers' perception of stress severity and the frequency of stressors are associated with poor sleep quality. Stress coping or sleep promotion regimens may be more beneficial among police officers reporting high workloads.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2017

Fascioliasis is a foodborne zoonotic parasitic disease. We report 4 cases occurring in the same family, in whom diagnosis of acute fascioliasis was established after series of tests. One case was hospitalized with fever, eosinophilia, and hepatic lesions. MRI showed hypodense changes in both liver lobes. The remaining 3 cases presented with the symptom of stomachache only. Stool analysis was positive for Fasciola eggs in 2 adult patients. The immunological test and molecular identification of eggs were confirmed at the National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China. The results of serological detection were positive in all the 4 patients. DNA sequencing of PCR products of the eggs demonstrated 100% homology with ITS and cox1 of Fasciola hepatica. The conditions of the patients were not improved by broad-spectrum anti-parasitic drugs until administration of triclabendazole.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.97-101
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• 2020

Although aquaculture production rates grown over the years, aquatic animal diseases occur every year which causes substantial economic losses. When an aquatic animal is infected with an aquatic animal pathogen it is either incinerated or buried according to the aquatic life disease control act. Although these methods prevent the spread of disease, it is not environment friendly. Here, we developed an aquatic animal rendering equipment for disposal of fish waste which is environment-friendly and efficient. Also, fertilizer components of fish waste were evaluated value for recycling. The mobile rendering equipment was designed for field operation and/or high temperature and pressure system, oil and water separator, and shredding drying apparatus. During the experiment (July-2016 to November-2016), a total of 53,824 kg fish waste was collected, and 29,216 kg compost of rendering by-product was made. Also, compost made from viral (Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus) infected fish did not reflect any detectable pathogen. The concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic matter in the fish waste compost were 2.17%, 26.98%, and 92.44%, respectively. The results suggest that fish waste used in this study was decomposed efficiently as per the official standard for fertilizer product. This equipment can be useful for efficient inactivation of the aquatic animal pathogenic agents and recycling of the fish waste in an environment-friendly manner.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.103-112
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• 2011

An epidemic was occurred in Stephanolepis cirrhifer during acclimation in laboratory tanks (water temperature was about $17^{\circ}C$). Diseased fish showed an unique external sign, large cloudy skin surface. We investigated the cause of the disease, and isolated one pure cultured bacterium, that was identified as Vibrio anguillarum by biochemical analysis and sequence analysis of the l6S rRNA and recA genes. During the outbreak, about 30% of S. cirrhifer showed the large cloudy skin surface, and approximately 10% of the stocked fish died. Fish were effectively cured by treatment with oxolinic acid.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.216-227
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• 2016

Biological control agents (BCAs) from different microbial taxa are increasingly used to control bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. However, a quantitative research synthesis has not been conducted on the role of BCAs in disease suppression. Therefore, the present study aimed to meta-analyze the impacts of BCAs on both Ralstonia wilt disease suppression and plant (host) growth promotion. The analysis showed that the extent of disease suppression by BCAs varied widely among studies, with effect size (log response ratio) ranging from -2.84 to 2.13. The disease incidence and severity were significantly decreased on average by 53.7% and 49.3%, respectively. BCAs inoculation also significantly increased fresh and dry weight by 34.4% and 36.1%, respectively on average. Also, BCAs inoculation significantly increased plant yield by 66%. Mean effect sizes for genus Pseudomonas sp. as BCAs were higher than for genus Bacillus spp. Among antagonists tested, P. fluorescens, P. putida, B. cereus, B. subtilis and B. amyloliquefaciens were found to be more effective in general for disease reduction. Across studies, highest disease control was found for P. fluorescens, annual plants, co-inoculation with more than one BCA, soil drench and greenhouse condition were found to be essential in understanding plant responses to R. solanacearum. Our results suggest that more efforts should be devoted to harnessing the potential beneficial effects of these antagonists, not just for plant growth promoting traits but also in mode of applications, BCAs formulations and their field studies should be considered in the future for R. solanacearum wilt disease suppression.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.27-36
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge and learning needs on coronary artery disease in diabetic patients by glycemic control. Methods: The subjects consisted of 188 patients at the hospital who had diabetes mellitus. Data was obtained using a knowledge and learning needs questionnaire from January to April 2006. Results: Treatment method, the levels of fasting blood glucose(FBG), and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose(PP2hr) showed meaningful differences between normo-glycemic group(HbA1c < 7%) and hyper-glycemic group($HbA1c{\geq}7%$). The levels of knowledge on coronary artery disease by glycemic control tend to show higher in normo-glycemic group. Etiology and prevention of coronary artery disease were significantly higher in normo-glycemic group than in hyper-glycemic group. The levels of learning needs on coronary artery disease by glycemic control tend to show higher in normo-glycemic group. The learning needs on items of diet control were higher in normo-glycemic group than in hyper-glycemic group. Conclusion: On the base of these results, we should focus on the coronary artery disease education for hyper-glycemic group. Also individual coronary artery disease educational program should be developed for the patients with different level of knowledge and learning needs.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.59 no.5
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• pp.447-455
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• 2021

Vivax malaria incidence in Korea is now decreased and showing a low plateau. Nowadays, vivax malaria in Korea is expected to be successfully eliminated with anti-malaria chemotherapy, primaquine, and vector control. The glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is associated with potential hemolytic anemia after primaquine administration. This inborn disorder has a pivotal polymorphism with genetic variants and is the most prevalent X-chromosome-linked disorder. The prevalence of G6PD deficiency was previously reported negligible in Korea. As the population of multicultural families pertaining marriage immigrants and their adolescents increases, it is necessary to check G6PD deficiency for them prior to primaquine treatment for vivax malaria. The prevalence of G6PD variants and G6PD deficiency in multicultural families was performed in 7 counties and 2 cities of Jeollanam-do (Province), Gyeonggi-do, and Gangwon-do. A total of 733 blood samples of multicultural family participants were subjected to test the phenotypic and genetic G6PD deficiency status using G6PD enzyme activity quantitation kit and PCR-based G6PD genotyping kit. The G6PD phenotypic deficiency was observed in 7.8% of male adolescent participants and 3.2% of materfamilias population. Based on the PCR-based genotyping, we observed total 35 participants carrying the mutated alleles. It is proposed that primaquine prescription should seriously be considered prior to malaria treatment.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.221-227
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• 1998

Although there has been a considerable research in psychoneuroendocrinology, particularly in relation to the biology of mood disorders, there has been a paucity of research regarding the effects of psychological factors on endocrine diseases. Of the existing literature, the most research is focused on diabetes mellitus, graves' disease. Especially diabetes appears to be the only endocrine disease that has been the focus of recent research studies. Most of the studies had retrospective designs or several methodological flaw. There has been no consistent results demonstrating that psychological factors affect the onset of diabetes mellitus. Several studies have suggested that psychological factors affect the course of diabetes. A small number of studies showed some evidence that psychological stress was associated with changes in glucose regulation in a subset of diabetic patients. There was also evidence to suggest that some temperament and coping skill influence glycemic control in child, adolescent diabetics. Studies of behavioral or psychosocial intervention on diabetic control have been small and have produced mixed results. There was a few controlled study suggested that stressful life events might be a causal role in Cushing's disease and Graves'disease, but there is no presently sufficient evidence to suggest that psychological factors affect the onset and the course of Cushing's disease and Graves' disease. In future, there is need for a well-designed biopsychosocial research with prospective designs, well defined patient population and control groups to study the relationship between psychological factors and endocrine diseases.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.254-257
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• 2002

It was conducted to investigate an effective control measure of the black necrotic leaf spot disease on pear, The disease commonly occurred in major cultivation areas of Korea revealed 5.6 ％ infection rate on the widely growing cultivar Niikata. The disease substantially reduced yield and quality of pear fruits, however, it has never been controlled by chemicals. Renewal of the pear trees to resistant cultivar was found to be the most effective to control the disease. As a result, the disease did not developed for 2 years on the diseased Niikata that was top-grafted with resistant cultivars Soowhang and Whasan. lop-grafting with resistant cultivars was recommended far the pear trees showing over 80％ infection rate and lower than 70% fruit yield compare to standard production.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.159-165
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• 2009

House-residual spraying and insecticide-treated bed nets have achieved some success in controlling anthropophilic and endophagic vectors. However, these methods have relatively low efficacy in Korea because Anopheles sinensis, the primary malaria vector, is highly zoophilic and exophilic. So, we focused our vector control efforts within livestock enclosures using ultraviolet black light traps as a mechanical control measure. We found that black light traps captured significantly more mosquitoes at 2 and 2.5 m above the ground (P<0.05). We also evaluated the effectiveness of trap spacing within the livestock enclosure. In general, traps spaced between 4 and 7m apart captured mosquitoes more efficiently than those spaced closer together (P>0.05). Based on these findings, we concluded that each black light trap in the livestock enclosures killed 7,586 female mosquitoes per trap per night during the peak mosquito season (July-August). In May-August 2003, additional concurrent field trials were conducted in Ganghwa county. We got 74.9% reduction (P<0.05) of An. sinensis in human dwellings and 61.5% reduction (P>0.05) in the livestock enclosures. The black light trap operation in the livestock enclosures proved to be an effective control method and should be incorporated into existing control strategies in developed countries.