• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.169-175
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• 2000

Stable and comfortable walking supports, which can reduce the body weight load partially, are needed for the recovering patients from neurologic disease and orthopedic procedures. In this paper, the development of a manipulator of rehabilitation robot for the patients with walking disabilities are studied. A force controller using pneumatic actuators is designed and implemented to the human friendly rehabilitation robot considering the safety of patients, reliability of the system, effectiveness of the unloading control and economic maintenance of the system. The mechanism of the unloading manipulator is devised to improve the sensibility for the movement of the patients such as direction and velocity. For the unloading force control, fuzzy control algorithm is adopted to reduce the partial body weight and suppress the unwanted fluctuation of the body weight load to the weak legs due to the unnatural working of the patients with walking disabilities. The effectiveness of the force control is experimentally demonstrated.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.767-774
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• 1999

This study was carrid out to examine a part of the mechanism for the etiology of diabetic complications. Thirty normal and forty streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats were used as the animal models. Animals were sacrificed at the time points of 3 days, 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks after STZ-injection and time course in body weight and organ weight, the levels of blood glucose, plasma lipid patterns, and atherogenic index were measured during 6 weeks. The STZ-diabetic animals showed 63% survival rate and fsting blood glucose levels of the diabetic animals measured in the range of 230-410mg/dL during the experimental period. The body weigh of diabetic animals decreased significantly throughout the experimental period and the relative weights of organs to body weight were significantly higher than the normal control ones. The enlargement of the kidney in the diabetic animals was especially remarkable. Plasma triglyceride concentration in diabetic rats substancially increased from the first week of onset of diabetes mellitus and maintained higher levels than the control ones throughout the whole experimental period. The plasma total cholesterol level and atherogenic index in the diabetic rats were significantly higher than the normal ones from the third day after STZ injection and showed a gradual increase with the duration of the disease. Throughout the experiment, the diabetic rats consistently showed a slightly lower HDL-cholesterol level compared to the normal animals. From the results of this study, it appears that the significant changes in blood lipid pattern in STZ-diabetic animals start from the first week after STZ injection.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.115-123
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• 2017

This paper presents the design and the control performance of a novel dynamic compliant-arm support with parallel elastic actuators that was developed to assist with the daily living activities of those whose arms are compromised by muscular disease or the aging process. The parallel elastic-arm support consists of a compliant mechanism with combined passive and active components for human interaction and to reach the user's desired positions. The achievement of these tasks requires impedance control, which can change the virtual stiffness, damping coefficients, and equilibrium points of the system; however, the desired-position tracking by the impedance control is limited when the end-effector weight varies according to the equipping of diverse objects. A prompt algorithm regarding weight calibration and friction compensation is adopted to overcome this problem. A result comparison shows that, by accurately assessing the desired workspace, the proposed algorithm is more effective for the accomplishment of the desired activities.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.79-94
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• 2007

Objectives : Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract was identified mainly for diarrhea, stomachache, hemafecia. The source and pathologic mechanism about ulcerative colitis and crohn's disease are still unknown but stress, infection, a genetic factor, environmental factors etc. may be the cause of chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract recently. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the effects of herbal acupuncture with Artemisiae Argyi for the treatment to intestinal disease in the rat with 2, 4, 6 - trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) induced colitis. Methods : Artemisiae Argyi Herbal acupunctures were infected in HapGok (LI4) which is used to treat for intestinal disease in clinic. All animals were subjected to the injection of saline (300 ${\mu}l$, 500 ${\mu}l$) for a study control and TNBS (300 ${\mu}l$, 500 ${\mu}l$) into the lumen of the colon, 8cm proximal to the anus through the intestine. Artemisiae Agryi' Herbal (20 mg/ml, 0.4 ml) acupunctures were injected to the LI4 (both hands) at the secondary injection time of TNBS in rats. And body weight, RBC count, WBC count, total protein, Paw edema rate, rate of protein leakage into CMC-pouch fluid, IgG levels and IgM levels were observed to study the effects of Artemisiae Argyi' Herbal acupuncture in HapGok (Ll4). Results : Artemisiae Argyi' Herbal acupuncture in HapGok (Ll4) on TNBS-induced colitis inhibit the body weight lose rate but not RBC and WBC count. Furthermore, it inhibited the reduction of total protein concentration, paw edema, rate of protein leakage into CMC-pouch fluid, IgG levels and IgM levels. Conclusions : Herbal acupuncture with Artemisiae Argyi helps recover the TNBS-induced colonic damage and may be an important method for treatment of the colitis.

• Clinical Endoscopy
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.309-316
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• 2024

The treatment of obesity and its comorbidities ranges from clinical management involving lifestyle changes and medications to bariatric and metabolic surgery. Various endoscopic bariatric and metabolic therapies recently emerged to address an important therapeutic gap by offering a less invasive alternative to surgery that is more effective than conservative therapies. This article comprehensively reviews the technical aspects, mechanism of action, outcomes, and future perspectives of one of the most promising endoscopic bariatric and metabolic therapies, named duodenojejunal bypass liner. The duodenojejunal bypass liner mimics the mechanism of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass by preventing food contact with the duodenum and proximal jejunum, thereby initiating a series of hormonal changes that lead to delayed gastric emptying and malabsorptive effects. These physiological changes result in significant weight loss and improved metabolic control, leading to better glycemic levels, preventing dyslipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and mitigating cardiovascular risk. However, concern exists regarding the safety profile of this device due to the reported high rates of severe adverse events, particularly liver abscesses. Ongoing technical changes aiming to reduce adverse events are being evaluated in clinical trials and may provide more reliable data to support its routine use in clinical practice.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.226-232
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• 1999

Early-weaning at an age of less than 21 days and removal of pigs to a second isolated site, which is commonly referred to as segregated early weaning (SEW), has been shown to substantially reduce disease transfer from the dam. This strategy has been successful in reducing the number of pathogens, but has not been successful in eliminating all pathogens. Although SEW has failed in most instances to totally eliminate pathogens, performance as measured by gain and efficiency through the nursery phase has been shown to be enhanced. In addition, SEW pigs have been shown to perform well on less complex nursery diets. Pigs which are continued on a similar isolation regime to market weight have been shown to have a remarkable improvement in feed intake, gain and efficiency. However, pigs which are co-mingled with conventional pigs after the nursery phase have either no improvement in performance or reduced performance. Backfat and carcass lean yield have been shown to be enhanced by SEW in high lean gain pigs, but not in lower lean gain pigs. Exposure of pigs to antigens which activate the immune system and increase the level of immunological stress has been suggested as the mechanism involved in depressing growth and performance of pigs.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.13-24
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• 2010

Objectives : Ulcerative colitis is a chronic relapsing inflammatory disease in the gastrointestinal tract. We investigated whether Aurantii fructus immaturus (AFI) pharmacopuncture has antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. Methods : in vitro experiments, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, prevention on $H_2O_2$-induced cell death in RAW264.7 cell line, DNA fragmentation, and cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA expression induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), were analyzed to investigate antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effect of AFI pharmacopuncture. in vivo experiment, a murine model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis was used to examine the effect of AFI pharmacopuncture on CV12 at different doses of 5 ${\mu}l$, 0.5 ${\mu}l$, 0.05 ${\mu}l$ for 10 days. Body weight, colon length and macroscopic features were investigated. Results : AFI pharmacopuncture showed DPPH free radical scavenging and SOD active effects in a dose-dependent manner. AFI pharmacopuncture showed a protective effect against $H_2O_2$-induced cell injury and also attenuated LPS-induced COX-2 mRNA expression. In a DSS- induced colitis murine model, however, AFI pharmacopuncture at CV12 had no anti-inflammatory effects. Conclusions : The present results suggest that AFI pharmacopuncture extract may have anti- inflammatory and antioxidative effects in vivo test, but further research on the underlying mechanism is required.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.57-65
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• 2007

Objectives : We examined to know the effect of Cordyceps sinensis(CS) on arthritis mouse induced by type II collagen. Methods : To analyse immunomodulatory effects of CS, arthritis index, incidence, hind paw edema, DTH, spleen weight, the number of hemocytes, and surface-receptor expression of CD4+, CD8+ and CD19+ cells in DBA/IJ mice which is experimental model of arthritis induced by collagen were measured in vivo. Results: CS reduced arthritis index, incidence, hind paw edema and DTH significantly as compared with the control group in experimental model of arthritis induced by collagen. CS enhanced the spleen weight significantly as compared with the control group but didn't enhanced the number of leukocytes and thrombocytes in experimental model of arthritis. CS enhanced the number of activating cells and surface-receptor expression of CD4+, CD8+ cells as compared with the control group but didn't enhanced those of CD19+ cells in experimental model of arthritis. Conclusion : We found out that CS may have a suppressing effect againist auto-immune disease and will be need continuous research in looking for the more effective mechanism in the future.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.1346-1351
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• 2007

Crohn' disease is an auto-immune disease characterized by intermittent chronic diarrhea, high fever, weight loss, abdominal spastic pain or abdominal discomfort which is followed by granulomatous necrosis and cicatrical inflammation. It is also called segmental enteritis or granulomatous enteritis. In western medicine the exact cause is undefined, however it is presumed as an immunological unbalance in alimentary tract commoonly occured in ileum portion of small intestitine or ascending colon and therefore immuno suppressive agents(usually steroids) and anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed. In case of emergency such as ileus, perforation of intestinal wall surgical methods are considered. In oriental medicine this falls under the category of diarrhea(泄瀉), dysentery(痢疾), splenic diarrhea(脾泄). As to the pathological mechanism the abnormal ascending and descending circulation of stomach and splenic energy(脾不升淸, 胃不下降) the hepatic stagnation(肝鬱氣滯) and dysfunction of small intestine in expelling urine and feces(小陽淸獨不利) all together causes such condition. Main treatments are inducing diuresis(利小便), warming kindey to reinforce yang(溫賢助陽), nourishing the middle energy to invigorate spleen(補中健脾), elimination of the dampness by cooling(淸熱燥濕). In this case the patient was diagnosed as soyangyin(少陽人) constitution and herb medicine soyangyin Hyongbangjihwan-tang(少陽人 荊防地黃湯), Sa-am acupuncture Sojangjeonggyeok(小腸政格) was applied. There was an significant improve in chief complaints and general conditions.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.95-110
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• 2004

Objectives : Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's diseases are chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract identified mainly for diarrhea, stomachache, hemafecia. The source and pathologic mechanism about ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are still unknown but stress, infection, a genetic factor, environmental factors etc. may be the cause of chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract recently. Methods : Because ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease is recognized as Ha-ri(下痢) or Jang-Byok(腸?) in Oriental Medicine, Rhizoma Coptidis Herbal acupunctures were injected in hapgok $(LI_4)$ which is used to treat intestinal disease in clinic. All animals were subjected to the injection of saline $(300\;{\mu}l,\;500\;{\mu}l)$ for a study control and TNBS $(300\;{\mu}l,\;500\;{\mu}l)$ into the lumen of the colon, 8cm proximal to the anus through the intestine. Rhizoma Coptidis Herbal (20 mg/ml, 0.4 ml) acupuncture solution was injected to the $LI_4$ (both hands) at the secondary injection time of TNBS in rats. And body weight, RBC count, WBC count, total protein, Paw edema rate, rate of protein leakage into CMC-pouch fluid, IgG levels and IgM levels were observed to study the effects of Rhizoma Coptidis Herbal acupuncture in hapgok $(LI_4)$. Results : In results, Rhizoma Coptidis Herbal acupuncture in hapgok $(LI_4)$ on TNBS-induced colitis reduced the rate of weight loss but had no effect on RBC and WBC count. And it reduced total protein concentration, paw edema, rate of protein leakage into CMC-pouch fluid, IgG levels and IgM levels. Conclusion : Data suggest that injection of Rhizoma Coptidis herbal acupuncture solution into hapgok has significant therapeutic effect on the colitis.