• 과학기술학연구
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-30
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• 2004

이 글은 환경논쟁에서 과학기술이 종종 중요한 구실을 하고 있지만 쟁점을 과학적 합리성의 문제로 틀 지움으로써 환경문제가 지닌 사회적, 문화적, 정치적 함의를 놓치게 할 수 있음을 새만금 간척사업을 사례로 논의하였다. 정부가 새만금 사업 재개를 결정하는데 분수령이 된 새만금 환경영향 민관공동조사단의 구성은 환경단체가 정부와 동등한 위치에서 사업을 재검토할 수 있는 기회를 제공했으나 이에 못지 않게 환경논쟁을 좁은 과학논쟁으로 한정시키는 데 기여했다. 논쟁의 양쪽 당사자가 전략적으로 비중을 둔 새만금 담수호의 장래 수질오염 논쟁은 불확실하고 가치와 관련된 갯벌보전 논란을 구체적이고 객관적으로 검증이 가능한 수질문제로 환원시켰다. 나아가 이런 논쟁의 성격변화는 수질관련 데이터와 정책을 생산하는 정부에게 유리한 조건을 제공했다. 민관공동조사단 활동 이후의 정부부처 협의과정은 수질 예측 모델링을 통해 미래의 수질을 더욱 정확하게 예측하려는 환경예측과학의 사회적 구성과정이기도 했지만, 기본적으로 정부의 정치적인 논리가 과학적인 예측을 좌우한 것으로 보인다. 결국 민관공동조사단 방식의 환경갈등 해결책은 환경운동단체의 의도와는 달리 논쟁의 폭을 좁히고 지역주민보다는 과학기술 전문가를 논쟁의 주요 당사자로 만듦으로써 운동의 제도화를 초래했다. 정부가 새만금 사업의 재개를 결정한 뒤 환경운동 내부에 성찰성과 현장성, 헌신성을 강조하는 삼보일배 등 생명평화운동이 대두한 배경에는 이처럼 환경단체가 과학적 합리성을 무비판적으로 받아들였기 때문으로 추정된다.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.208-223
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• 2014

최근 2008년 화재로 소실되었다가 복구된 숭례문(崇禮門)의 단청 문제가 제기되면서 문화재 보존에 있어서의 전통기술 적용 문제가 논쟁거리가 되었다. 본고에서는 문화재 보존에 있어서의 전통기술의 의미를 살펴보고자 하였다. 일반적으로 전통기술에 대한 이해는 기본적으로 '전통'에 대한 관념에 기초하고 있다. 전통은 '고정불변하는 존재'가 아니라 '계승 발전하는 존재'로 보아 '살아있는 존재'로 규정되며, 그에 따라 '무형문화재로서의 전통연행, 전통공예 등'은 '고정된 실체를 가지고 있지 않는 것'으로 규정하고 있으며, 그에 따라 문화재 보존의 기본원칙인 '원형 보존'에서 '원형'이라는 것이 무엇인지를 정확히 규정하기 어려운 존재로 보고 있다. 한국의 경우 이렇게 원형을 규정하기 어려운 '무형문화재로서의 전통기술'이 유형문화재의 보존현장에 적용될 때 그 개념이 명확히 하지 않음으로 인해 보존 현장에서 여러가지 문제를 야기하고 있다. '전통기술'의 적용범위와 한계에 대한 논의 없이 현장에 적용되기 때문이다. 즉 '전통재료'를 사용하여 '전통기술'로 수복을 하는 것이 허용되는 것은 어디까지이며 문화재의 보존에서 이것이 어떠한 의미를 갖는가에 대한 논의가 결여되어 있기 때문이다. 본고에서는 이러한 전통기술의 적응문제를 국제적인 보존원칙 변화 과정의 검토와 함께 고찰해 보았다. 이러한 고찰 결과 '무형문화재로서의 전통기술'의 보존도 중요하지만 '유형문화재에 남아 있는 기술', 더 나아가 '제작 당시의 기술을 담고 있는 원래의 재료 보존'이 더욱 중요한 문제라는 점이 고려되어야 한다는 점을 강조하고자 한다.

• 의료법학
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.11-52
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• 2010

Medical Dispute Arbitration Law had been debated on its legislation several times since Korean Medical Association's submission of the bill to the National Assembly in 1988, eventually in December, 2009, passed the National Assembly Standing Committee and was laid before the Legislation and Judiciary Committee, and thus its legislation is now near at hand. During the long process, it has provided a hot issue with our society. And yet, Medical Dispute Arbitration Law has differed considerably in legislative content depending on the main body of proceeding the enactment, which subsequently was given the mixed comments of 'Act on Malpractice-related Damage Relief' or 'Medical Indemnity Act', and this legislative bill also cannot be free from this debate. It is desirable that medical disputes between doctors and patients be resolved through conciliation between the parties concerned. But, because reaching a compromise is difficult owing to deep emotional conflicts between the parties, difficulties in investigating a cause and requiring a high amount of settlement money, etc., it is inevitable to seek a resolution by third party intervention. By the way, such an arbitration by third party is based on the compromise of the interested parties and thus has a limitation of not being able to satisfy both parties completely. Therefore, the legislative bill made for arbitration of medical disputes between the parties will have to prepare an institutional system for the parties to easily understand and accept. Also, problems occurred in the legislative bill will have to be corrected through an in-depth discussion in order for the legislative bill to work as an effective system.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.121-145
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• 2010

In the past, ADR has not been used as frequently in Japan as it has in other parts of the industrialized world. However, though litigation is still the most utilized vehicle of dispute resolution by Japanese financial institutions, this will be changing. The New Financial ADR system, which was created by a June 2009 amendment to the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act, is meant to deal with every stage of financial-related disputes and, as such, strives to resolve disputes before they become significant and acts to ameliorate any post-ADR issues that may remain, thereby completing the FIEA's purpose to protect investors. Since the foundation of the New Financial ADR system applies to all related industries, new provisions were set out in 16 business related acts, such as the Banking Act, the Insurance Business Act, and FIEA itself. October 2010 will mark the formal introduction of a new system of financial ADR in Japan. New Financial ADR in Japan will be modeled on the Financial Ombudsman Service in the United Kingdom, but will not feature one comprehensive dispute resolution system in which one dispute resolution institution covers all disputes in the financial field. The New Financial ADR system is merely one step towards a foundation of comprehensive financial ADR such as FOS. It must be noted, however, that this all important first step was over seven years in the making, involving a great deal of discussion, debate, and compromise amongst many parts of Japanese government, business, and society. The New Financial ADR system grants participating parties the ability to stop the clock on any statute of limitations which may correspond to any future possible court cases related to the dispute,13 and further grants the ability to suspend related court proceedings while the parties are utilizing the New Financial ADR system. In addition, where financial institutions have not accepted dispute resolution proceedings or have not accepted a special conciliation proposal, the Ministry of Finance may issue an order compelling compliance if it is found that certain actions are necessary to ensure the appropriate operations of a financial institution's business. In Japan, as best practices have not yet been created.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.110-125
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• 2018

The purpose of the study was to explore the effect of using discussions and debates in science laboratory classes on science learning motivation, science process skills, and science academic achievement. Participants in this study were 6th grade students at an elementary school. Students in the experimental group participated in science laboratory classes using discussions and debates while students in the comparative group participated in common laboratory classes with a teacher-directed approach. The results of this study are as follows: by using discussions and debates in science laboratory classes, there were statistically positive effects on the students' science learning motivation and science process skills. However, there was no statistically significant difference in science academic achievement by using discussions and debates. Even so, in the narrative survey of the students'reactions after the class, students in the experimental group responded that it was much easier to understand the meaning of the scientific concepts when they used discussions and debates. Therefore, there is a need to investigate how to use discussions and debates effectively by introducing them at different time or in different ways, rather than considering that discussions and debates have no effect on science achievement. These findings provide science teachers and researchers pedagogical implications about utilizing discussions and debates in science classes.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.15-32
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• 2015

This article analyzes motivations behind social sciences blog posts citing journal articles in order to find out whether blog citations are good indicators for the societal impact or benefits of research. A random sample of 300 social sciences blog posts (out of 1,233 blog posts) from ResearchBlogging.org published between 01/01/2012 to 18/06/2014 were subjected to content analysis. The 300 blog posts had 472 references including 424 journal articles from 269 different journals. Sixty-one (22.68%) of all cited journals were from the social sciences and most of the journals with high frequency were highly cited general science journals such as PNAS and Science. Seventy-five percent of all journals were referenced only once. The average age of articles cited at the time of citation was 5.8 years. Discussion and criticism were the two main categories of motivations. Overall, the study shows the potential of blog citations as an altmetric measure and as a proxy for assessing the research impact. A considerable number of citation motivations in blogs such as disputing a belief, suggesting policies, providing a solution to a problem, reacting to media, criticism and the like seemed to support gaining societal benefits. Societal benefits are considered as helping stimulate new approaches to social issues, or informing public debate and policymaking. Lower self-citation (compared to some other altmetric measures such as tweets) and the fact that blogging involves generating content (i.e. an intellectual process) give them an advantage for altmetrics. However, limitations and contextual issues such as disciplinary differences and low uptake of altmetrics, in general, in scholarly communication should not be ignored when using blogs as a data source for altmetrics.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.367-377
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to see the influences of POE science class that emphasizes explanation on science research ability, motivation of science class as well as scientific attitude of elementary students. The results drawn from this analysis were as below. Firstly, positive relationship was found between science research ability and POE science class was shown among research group. This shows that science research ability was improved as POE science class encouraged the research activities of students. It indicates that POE science class emphasizing explanation is effective in improving science research ability of students. Secondly, positive relationship was found between motivation of science class and POE science class among research group and this means that POE science class that emphasizes explanation stimulates intellectual curiosity of students and improves their attitude by actively promoting research activities. Thirdly, there was a positive relationship between scientific attitude and POE science class among research group. This presents that POE science class emphasizing explanation is effective in improving students' attitude toward science by promoting research activities. Above results show that POE science class emphasizing explanation is highly effective for elementary students. It is considered that scientific writing, discussion and debate classes have positive influences on research ability, motivation of science class and scientific attitude of elementary students. Thus, it is needed to apply POE science class to current science class as it can promote wider scientific activities among students.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.238-249
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• 2017

Background: Currently establishment of public pharmaceutical companies became an issue for securing stable supply of national essential drugs in order to respond appropriately to national public health crisis. Pharmacy students as future pharmacists need to be interested in drug related issues under the discussion in our society. This study aimed to investigate perceptions of pharmacy students on the national drug supply strategy through public pharmaceutical companies. Methods: A 20-items questionnaire designed for this study was used. Pharmacy students nationwide were enrolled in July 2017. They responded to questions through on-line survey program. Data were analyzed descriptively. Results: 160 students from 26 pharmacy schools participated. 5th and 6th grade students accounted for two-thirds, and one third aspired future jobs in pharmaceutical industry. Among responders, 71.3% was unaware of current national essential drugs, 52.5% did not know the Rare and Essential Drug Center, and 91.9% was unaware of the legislation on the supply and management of essential drugs. 82.5% favored the establishment of public pharmaceutical companies. 80.6% agreed that government should intervene in pharmaceutical market for ensuring drug accessibilities, 73.8% agreed that public pharmaceutical companies make possible to reach a goal of stable supply of pharmaceuticals, and 85.1% agreed that active compulsory license by public pharmaceutical companies is necessary. Conclusion: We found that pharmacy students recognized the need for governmental control to achieve social values of pharmaceuticals. More attention and participation of the pharmacy students as well as pharmacists in the process of national debate on public pharmaceutical companies are expected.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.325-333
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• 2012

Objective : The indications and optimal surgical treatments for intracranial cysts are controversial. In the present study, we describe long-term clinical and neuroimaging results of surgically treated intracranial cysts in children. The goal of this study is to contribute to the discussion of the debate. Methods : This study included 110 pediatric patients that underwent surgeries to treat intracranial cysts. Endoscopic cyst fenestrations were performed in 71 cases, while craniotomies and cyst excisions (with or without fenestrations) were performed in 30 patients. Cystoperitoneal shunts were necessary for nine patients. Long-term results were retrospectively assessed with medical and neuroimaging records. Results : Clinical and radiological improvement was reported in 87.3% and 92.8% of cases, respectively, after endoscopic neurosurgery, and in 93.3% and 100% using open microsurgery whereas 88.9% and 85.7% after shunt operation. There were no statistical differences in clinical outcomes (p=0.710) or volume reductions (p=0.177) among the different surgeries. There were no mortalities or permanent morbidities, but complications such as shunt malfunctions, infections, and subdural hematomas were observed in 56% of the patients that had shunt operations. A total of 13 patients (11.8%) underwent additional surgeries due to recurrences or treatment failures. The type of surgery performed did not influence the recurrence rate (p=0.662) or the failure rate (p=0.247). Conclusion : Endoscopic neurosurgeries are less invasive than microsurgeries and are at least as effective as open surgeries. Thus, given the advantages and complications of these surgical techniques, we suggest that endoscopic fenestration should be the first treatment attempted in children with intracranial cysts.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.1-22
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• 2018

국내 공공도서관이 설치 운영하는 일반열람실은 문화선진국에 거의 존재하지 않는 한국적 특수성을 대변하는 공간이다. 그것이 지역주민을 위한 필수공간이라면 모든 공공도서관이 설치 운영해야 한다. 그렇지 않다면 기존 공공도서관은 일반열람실의 축소 내지 개선방안을 마련하고 신축도서관은 설치여부를 전략적으로 고민할 필요가 있다. 이에 본 연구는 일반열람실 운영현황 및 주요 쟁점을 분석한 후에 직원(사서) 및 이용자를 대상으로 일반열람실에 대한 인식도를 조사 비교하여 방향성을 제시하였다. 이 연구결과는 지방공공재 논의의 중심적 테마인 일반열람실 문제에 대한 지속적인 논의에 단초를 제공하고 바람직한 대안을 강구하는데 기여할 수 있다.