• Journal of KIISE
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.54-60
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• 2016

Brain gene expression information is closely related to the structural and functional characteristics of the brain. Thus, extensive research has been carried out on the relationship between gene expression patterns and the brain's structural organization. In this study, Principal Component Analysis was used to extract features of gene expression patterns, and genes were automatically classified by spatial distribution. Voxels were then clustered with classified specific region expressed genes. Finally, we visualized the clustering results for mouse hippocampal region gene expression with the Allen Brain Atlas. This experiment allowed us to classify the region-specific gene expression of the mouse hippocampal region and provided visualization of clustering results and a brain atlas in an integrated manner. This study has the potential to allow neuroscientists to search for experimental groups of genes more quickly and design an effective test according to the new form of data. It is also expected that it will enable the discovery of a more specific sub-region beyond the current known anatomical regions of the brain.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.1148-1157
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• 2022

In 2019, COVID-19 changed many people's lives. Among them, metaverse supports non-face-to-face services through various methods, replacing daily tasks. This phenomenon was created and formed like a culture due to the prolonged COVID-19. In this paper, the fun elements used in the existing game were organized to find out the fun factors of the metaverse, and the items and contents were reclassified according to the metaverse with five experts. Classification was classified using reproducibility, sensory fun [graphic, auditory, text, manipulation, empathy, play, perspective], challenging fun [absorbedness, challenging, discovery, thrill, reward, problem-solving], imaginative fun [new story, love, freedom, agency, expectation, change], social fun[rules, competition, social behavior, status, cooperation, participation, exchange, belonging, currency transaction], interactive fun[decision making, communication sharing, hardware, empathy, nurturing, autonomy], realistic fun[sense of unity in reality, easy of learning, adaptation, intellectual problems solving, pattern recognition, sense of reality, community], and creative fun[application, creation, customizing, virtual world].

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.69
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• pp.105-137
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• 2022

This paper is to study the characteristics of outdoor wilderness education and the impacts of outdoor wilderness experience on the participants in higher education. The first part of this paper addresses the common components of outdoor wilderness programs: adventure or self-discovery in disequilibrium, small groups for accountability in a temporary community, problem solving processes for decision making in real situations, solo time for integration in solitude, and leadership styles and role of the trip leaders. These elements of outdoor wilderness programs help the participants to achieve their goals according to its mission. The second part of this paper divides outdoor wilderness programs into three categories according to the objectives and outcomes of outdoor wilderness education: orientation programs for incoming students, personal leadership development programs, and professional training programs. The impacts of outdoor wilderness experiences on the participants of different programs in higher education were reviewed. Then guidelines for spiritual formation prorgams were proposed for Christian educators who are involved in wilderness programs in higher education to develop their practical wilderness experiences into holistic development programs according to its mission and goals.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.185-196
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• 2022

The Internet of Things (IoT) has become more and more widespread in recent years, thus attackers are placing greater emphasis on IoT environments. The IoT connects a large number of smart devices via wired and wireless networks that incorporate sensors or actuators in order to produce and share meaningful information. Attackers employed IoT devices as bots to assault the target server; however, because of their resource limitations, these devices are easily infected with IoT malware. The Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) is one of the many security problems that might arise in an IoT context. DDOS attempt involves flooding a target server with irrelevant requests in an effort to disrupt it fully or partially. This worst practice blocks the legitimate user requests from being processed. We explored an intelligent intrusion detection system (IIDS) using a particular sort of machine learning, such as Artificial Neural Networks, (ANN) in order to handle and mitigate this type of cyber-attacks. In this research paper Feed-Forward Neural Network (FNN) is tested for detecting the DDOS attacks using a modified version of the KDD Cup 99 dataset. The aim of this paper is to determine the performance of the most effective and efficient Back-propagation algorithms among several algorithms and check the potential capability of ANN- based network model as a classifier to counteract the cyber-attacks in IoT environments. We have found that except Gradient Descent with Momentum Algorithm, the success rate obtained by the other three optimized and effective Back- Propagation algorithms is above 99.00%. The experimental findings showed that the accuracy rate of the proposed method using ANN is satisfactory.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.325-335
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• 2024

In this study, I investigated cases of operating Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) sustainable design courses based on interdisciplinary education for diverse design major students in the fashion design department. Through literature review, we examined the necessity of this course operation and analyzed the course through class design, execution, and operational results. Sustainable design courses were organized for 2nd to 4th-year students, promoting integrated learning for fashion design and various design majors to enhance interdisciplinary skills based on the in-depth study of SDGs issues. The educational content in the classes focused on the sustainable development goals achieved through upcycling design of waste PET bottle fibers developed by local industries, aiming to pursue sustainable values of designers through problem discovery and resolution. Students developed various upcycled products, evaluated metrics, and assessed satisfaction levels. Through this process, students gained an understanding of the practical value of SDGs, recognized the importance of sustainable development through design approaches for solving local issues, and acknowledged the significance of interdisciplinary education with various design majors.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.141-156
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• 2023

The advancement of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), along with the expansion of government and private investment in startup discovery and funding, has led to the emergence of startups seeking to generate outstanding results based on innovative ideas. As successful startups serve as role models, the number of aspiring entrepreneurs preparing to launch their own startups continues to increase. However, unlike entrepreneurs who challenge themselves with serial entrepreneurship after experiencing success, early-stage startups face various challenges such as team building, technology development, and fundraising. Accelerators play a dual role of mentor and investor by providing education, mentoring, consulting, network connection, and initial investment activities to help startups overcome various challenges they face and facilitate their growth. This study investigated whether there is a correlation between the characteristics of startups and their entrepreneurial performance, and analyzed whether accelerators mediate the relationship between startup characteristics and entrepreneurial performance. A total of 11 hypotheses were proposed, and a survey was conducted on 302 startup founders and employees located across the country, including the metropolitan area, for empirical research. SPSS 23.0 and Amos 23.0 were used for statistical analysis. Through this study, it was found that factors such as innovation, organizational culture, financial characteristics, and learning orientation among the characteristics of startups, rather than having a direct impact on entrepreneurial performance, are linked to entrepreneurial performance through the role of accelerators. By analyzing the impact factors of startup characteristics on entrepreneurial performance, this study presents research on the role of accelerators and provides institutional improvements. It is expected to contribute to the expansion of investment and differentiated acceleration programs, enabling startups to seize the market and grow stably in the market.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.187-203
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• 2022

As the economic, social, and environmental problems of the local community reach a serious level, our society is realizing the need to foster young talents who discover opportunities in local issues through entrepreneurship education and create social values through creative challenges. However, entrepreneurship education programs are generally focused on commerciality, so customized education programs to solve regional problems are insufficient. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a community problem-solving entrepreneurship curriculum. In this study, a competency based curriculum model was applied to develop the curriculum, and regional problem-solving entrepreneurship competencies were derived through expert advice from a total of 10 people. In the process, the Delphi methodology was additionally used to reduce the possibility of errors in the competency model. As a result of the study, a total of 23 regional problem-solving entrepreneurship competencies were confirmed, and knowledge(K) - skill(S) - attitude(A) by competency consisted of 5, 9, and 9, respectively. By applying this to Dunham's problem-solving six-step model, modular learning support measures were developed in the order of phase 1(problem discovery), phase 2(problem analysis), phase 3(plan), phase 4(measure), and phase 5(evaluation). This study is meaningful in that it integrated theory and practice by developing specific entrepreneurship curriculum and learning support measures based on the theoretical model devised in social welfare. In addition, it has implications in that it developed a regional problem-solving entrepreneurship competency model based on expert advice and proposed a specific curriculum based on this.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.662-671
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• 2023

Background: 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD), a ginsenoside metabolite, has prominent benefits for the central nervous system, especially in improving learning and memory. However, its transcriptional targets in brain tissue remain unknown. Methods: In this study, we first used mass spectrometry-based drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) to identify the potential proteins of ginsenosides and intersected them with the transcription factor library. Second, the transcription factor PURA was confirmed as a target of PPD by biolayer interferometry (BLI) and molecular docking. Next, the effect of PPD on the transcriptional levels of target genes of PURA in brain tissues was determined by qRT-PCR. Finally, bioinformatics analysis was used to analyze the potential biological features of these target proteins. Results: The results showed three overlapping transcription factors between the proteomics of DARTS and transcription factor library. BLI analysis further showed that PPD had a higher direct interaction with PURA than parent ginsenosides. Subsequently, BLI kinetic analysis, molecular docking, and mutations in key amino acids of PURA indicated that PPD specifically bound to PURA. The results of qRT-PCR showed that PPD could increase the transcription levels of PURA target genes in brain. Finally, bioinformatics analysis showed that these target proteins were involved in learning and memory function. Conclusion: The above-mentioned findings indicate that PURA is a transcription target of PPD in brain, and PPD upregulate the transcription levels of target genes related to cognitive dysfunction by binding PURA, which could provide a chemical and biological basis for the study of treating cognitive impairment by targeting PURA.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.826-839
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to examine science education researchers' views on what and how much science educational theories would be needed for pre-service science teachers, and to investigate the relationship between their views and the Examination for Appointing Secondary School Science Teachers(EASST). For this study, the views of science education professors on science education theories have been analyzed in terms of their priorities for contributing to the improvement of science teacher competency and literacy. Their views have been compared with proportions of questions related to science education theories of the EASST in terms of what kinds of science education theories have been used for solving each item. As results of this study show, they have perceived that more essential things are needed for the improvement of science teacher competency and literacy including science inquiry process, methods of experimental equipments and tools, laboratory safety, misconception of students, discussion, writing, evaluation of scientific knowledges, and evaluation of scientific inquiry ability other than science philosophy, changes of science curricula, science curricula of foreign countries, Bruner's instructional theory, Karplus's Learning Cycle model, generative learning model, discovery learning model, and Klopfer's taxonomy of educational objectives. There is a higher proportion of questions related to science curriculum and Ausubel's learning theory in the EASST. They are hardly correlated with science education professors' selections of science educational theories for EASST questions. This study advocates the needs of exploring a new method of narrowing down the gap between science educators' opinions and questions of ESSAT in terms of science educaiton theories.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.619-637
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to develop a new program for elementary math-gifted students by using 'Girih Tililng' and apply it to the elementary students to improve their math-ability. Girih Tililng is well known for 'the secrets of mathematics hidden in Mosque decoration' with lots of recent attention from the world. The process of this study is as follows; (1) Reference research has been done for various tiling theories and the theories have been utilized for making this study applicable. (2) The characteristic features of Mosque tiles and their basic structures have been analyzed. After logical examination of the patterns, their mathematic attributes have been found out. (3) After development of Girih tiling program, the program has been applied to math-gifted students and the program has been modified and complemented. This program which has been developed for math-gifted students is called 'Exploring the Secrets of Girih Hidden in Mosque Patterns'. The program was based on the Renzulli's three-part in-depth learning. The first part of the in-depth learning activity, as a research stage, is designed to examine Islamic patterns in various ways and get the gifted students to understand and have them motivated to learn the concept of the tiling, understanding the characteristics of Islamic patterns, investigating Islamic design, and experiencing the Girih tiles. The second part of the in-depth learning activity, as a discovery stage, is focused on investigating the mathematical features of the Girih tile, comparing Girih tiled patterns with non-Girih tiled ones, investigating the mathematical characteristics of the five Girih tiles, and filling out the blank of Islamic patterns. The third part of the in-depth learning activity, as an inquiry or a creative stage, is planned to show the students' mathematical creativity by thinking over different types of Girih tiling, making the students' own tile patterns, presenting artifacts and reflecting over production process. This program was applied to 6 students who were enrolled in an unified(math and science) gifted class of D elementary school in Daejeon. After analyzing the results produced by its application, the program was modified and complemented repeatedly. It is expected that this program and its materials used in this study will guide a direction of how to develop methodical materials for math-gifted education in elementary schools. This program is originally developed for gifted education in elementary schools, but for further study, it is hoped that this study and the program will be also utilized in the field of math-gifted or unified gifted education in secondary schools in connection with 'Penrose Tiling' or material of 'quasi-crystal'.