• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.135-151
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• 2002

This study focuses on analysing the period of carrier's responsibility. The Hague Rules apply only while the cargo is in carriage. This period of carrier's responsibility begins when the ship' tackle is hooked on the goods for loading and continues until they are unhooked from the lifting gear after discharge. The Hague Rules are consequently said to apply from tackle to tackle. Also The Hamburg Rules lays down the basic principle that the carrier will be responsible for the goods during the time he is in charge of them at the port of loading, during the carriage and at the port of discharge. These period of carrier's responsibility should be determinated according to custom of the port of loading and discharge because of the importance of local custom in the loading and discharge of goods.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.85.2-93
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• 2000

A demand of marine outfall system have been much increased for the effective disposal of the wastewater due to population and industrial development at the coastal areas. The outfall system discharges primary or secondary treated effluent into coastline or at the deep water, or between these two. The discharge is carried out by constructing a pipeline on the sea bed with a diffuser or with a tunnel, risers and appropriate. The effluent, which has a density similar to that of fresh water, rises to the sea surface forming plume or jet, together with entraining the surrounding salt water and becomes very dilute. Thus there have been growing interests about plume behaviour around the outfall system. Plume or jet discharged from single-port or multi-port diffuser might cause certain impacts on coastal environment. Near field mixing characteristics of discharged water field using CORMIX model with has been studied for effective outfall design various conditions on ambient current, depth, flow rate, effluent concentration, diffuser specification, port specification etc.. This kind of analysis is necessary to deal with water quality problems caused by the ocean discharge. The analyzed vesult was applied to the Pusan Jungang dffluent outfall system plan.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.1245-1254
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• 2001

For a R410A-rolling piston type rotary compressor model which was modified by reducing the cylinder height and shaft eccentricity from R22-compressor version, numerical simulation has been carried out and simulation results have been found to be compared fairly well with those of measurements. EER of this first version of R410A compressor was 4.8% lower than that of R22 compressor. To improve the performance of the R410A compressor model, parametric study on the design parameters related to the discharge port system has been performed by using the numerical simulation program, and optimum conditions for the highest EER have been obtained with the aid of Taguchi method. With the optimized discharge port configuration, EER has been improved by 1.7%.

• Journal of Korean Port Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.361-371
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• 2000

A demand of marine outfall system has been much increased for the effective disposal of the wastewater due to population and industrial development at the coastal areas. The outfall system discharges primary or secondary treated effluent into the coastline, or at the deep water, or between these two. The discharge is carried out by constructing a pipeline on the sea bed with a diffuser or with a tunnel, risers and appropriate. The effluent, which has a density similar to that of fresh water, rises to the sea surface forming plume or jet, together with entraining the surrounding salt water and becomes very dilute. Thus there have been growing interests about plume behaviour around the outfall system. Plume or jet discharged from single-port or multi-port diffuser might cause certain impacts on coastal environment. Near field mixing characteristics of discharged water field using CORMIX model have been studied for effective outfall design various conditions on ambient current, depth, flow rate, effluent concentration, diffuser specification, port specification etc.. This kind of analysis is necessary to deal with water quality problems caused by the ocean discharge. The analyzed result was applied to the Pusan Jungang effluent outfall system plan.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.43-50
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• 2021

Pump-cap is a device for discharging the contents stored inside a container to the outside of the container by a simple operation by a certain amount. In particular, in recent years, as the number of cosmetic products made of functional materials has rapidly increased, the development of convenient containers for functional materials is being actively conducted. Among these, there are a growing number of products that show their efficacy only by mixing two components, so the development of a dual pump cap container is necessary. However, the conventional dual pump cap container has a problem in that it is difficult to implement a quantitative discharge as solutions having different viscosities are used. Therefore, in this study, a discharge port of a dual pump cap that can apply an optimal ratio was designed by analyzing the discharge amount of two components with different viscosities through computational fluid dynamics. Since the discharge amount is affected by the size of the discharge port, the higher the viscosity of the solution, the larger the discharge port should be set. Conversely, the lower the viscosity, the smaller the discharge port should be. Through this, it is possible to dispense a fixed amount of a heterogeneous solution by one pumping, and it is determined that the user's convenience will increase.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.75-81
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• 2012

Oyster mushroom farm which could not meet optimum temperature range yields non-uniform sized, low quality products. Thus, this study, utilizing STAR CCM+, one of the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) programs, analyzed the impact of air circulation and temperature distribution. Methods: After we visited numerous mushroom farms, we measured the temperature at the discharge ports of heaters, fan capacity, and the locations of the air circulators in the farms. According to the data, most mushroom growers installed the heaters near the entrance and discharge ports of the heaters at the third growing bed on the same height as the heaters in the entrance. The temperature at the discharge port of heater was $1,26^{\circ}C$, and the fan capacity was 4,500 $m^3$/hr. The air circulator was placed in the center of the mushroom farm 50cm above the ground, and its capacity of inlet port was 1,100 $m^3$/hr and discharge port 1,600 $m^3$/hr. The mushroom farm was insulated. Results: According to the analysis of the temperature distribution in the vertical plane of the entrance side, no air circulation causes the high temperature zone of 296~299K at the discharge port of the heater to take up 34% of area while the operation of air circulators causes it to occupy only 9%. This means that not using air circulators leads to a concentration of high temperature at the discharge port near the entrance. In addition, with the results of the analysis of the temperature distribution in the vertical planes of the center, no air circulation causes the temperature zone of 295~298K at the discharge port of the heater to take up 48% of area while the operation of air circulators causes it to occupy 80%. This shows that the high outlet port temperature disseminated to the center. Conclusions: After ninety minute operation of both heater and air circulator, the interior temperature became stabilized in the mushroom farm. Air circulation made the high temperature at the discharge port disseminate to the center and exit in the farm and equalize the temperature distribution.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.81-84
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• 2000

In this paper, we have the investigated the Influence of Filler Shape on Dielectric & Electric Charge-Discharge Properties of Filled Epoxy Resin. In the low frequency range from 50Hz to a few kHz, the maginitude of tan$\delta$ become larger in the order, NON, RAS, SAS, SCS. The electrical Discharge of RAS measured for 60 min, decreased after 10$^2$∼10$^3$.

• Journal of Korean Port Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.107-114
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• 2000

Derivation of stage-discharge relationship and characteristics for Yangsan river is presented in this paper. This research has been conducted as the second one after the first trial in 1997. The determination of discharge at a Yangsan river gauging was best made by measuring the flow velocities with a current meter and rod float. The rating curve obtained through 52 stage-discharge measurements on Yangsan river basin in 1999 is represented by Q=15.3540-140.6076H+182.44372H$^2$, which is discovered to be most excellent among other curves in reliability analysis. The observed stage-discharge data for Yangsan river was tested by HEC-RAS program, and reproduction of discharge by the induced curve was investigated and compared with the computational results. The rating curve of Yangsan river shows characteristics of Yangsan river more accurately compared with those separated in terms of water levels.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.2071-2075
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• 2003

Pressure variation is one of the major sources on noise emission in the oil hydraulic piston pumps. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify about pressure variation characteristics of the oil hydraulic piston pumps to reduce noise. Pressure variations in a cylinder at trapping region were measured during pump working period with discharge pressures, rotational speeds. The effect of pre-compression of the discharge port with three types valve plates also investigated. It was found that the pressure variation characteristics of oil hydraulic piston pumps deeply related with pre-compression design of the discharge port. Also, it was found that the pressure overshoot at trapping region can reduce by use of pre-compression at the end of the discharge port in valve plate

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.149-161
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• 1997

Masked intake ports of a DOHC gasoline engine were divised and the shape was optimized to maximize the swirling and tumbling motions in the cylinder. Performances of the ports, swirling number, tumbling number and discharge coefficient were measured by Ricardo's rig test. By combination of the angle and height of the protrusions in the intake ports wall, swirling and tumbling strength can be controlled and the port shape can be optimized to increase the swirling number 13 times and tumbling number 2 times larger than those of an original port of DOHC engine with the expense of 3% decrease of discharge coefficient.