• Journal of Korean Society of societal Security
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.43-48
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• 2009

During the past few years, Korea has experienced extraordinary floods, which have caused many damages of lives and properties. Flooding caused by typhoon is the most common disastrous phenomenon of nature among all catastrophes. As the average temperature of the earth has been increasing by global warming, the possibility of typhoon is also increased by abnormal climate changes. Along with the river improvement as a part of flood control, the time of concentration has been decreased, so the pick discharge has been increased. Moreover, with the land development activities, the area of storage has been diminishing, and the damages from inundation have been continuously increasing. There were a lot of damages to farmland in 1960's, industrial and public facilities in 1970's, and a lot of sufferings from the windstorm in 1980's. In 1990's, however, the amount of damages was increased substantially. So, there is need to decrease the number of the victims and loss of properties by applying preventive measures against natural calamities. This study has employed a simulation system to calculate the depth and amounts of inundation areas to forecast and prevent from flood damage by using rainfall-runoff model. In this study, a case study method is adopted to show inundation by using rainfall-runoff model, HEC-GeoRAS and Arcview. It is hoped that, this study would be conducive to professionals and organizations working in the field of disaster management.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.493-500
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• 2011

Recently, there has been an increase in the number of disaster victims locally due to climate change and a variety of frequently occurring natural disasters. The damage caused by abrupt weather change in local area by typical weather forecasting techniques is very limited and difficult. Recently local area weather monitoring system using wireless sensor network technology has been very actively studied. Thus an IEEE 802.15.4-based weather field server to measure and monitor the local weather changes was designed and developed in this study. The proposed weather field server utilizes a wireless sensor node and weather sensors to collect weather information such as temperature, humidity, illumination, dew point, barometric pressure, and water level. The integrated weather sensor board was designed to respond quickly to weather changes, and provide feedback to the server PC. Each weather information is analyzed in the server PC to establish a program to monitor and analyze the local area or the area of abrupt climate change in order to provide warning signals in case of disaster events in local.

• The Critical Review of Religion and Culture
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• no.31
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• pp.141-172
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• 2017

The objectives of this paper are to investigate hunting, stock raising, sacrifice recorded in the oracle bone inscriptions of Shang Dynasty. I want to raise two basic questions. First, what were the functions of hunting, stock raising, sacrifice, which constructed the world of life in Shang Dynasty? Second, what were the relationships of gods, men, animals derived from them? These questions are brought up to how the commoners of Shang Dynasty build the world and perceive it. I adopted positively prevalent theories for answering those questions. I am particularly provided with Michael J. Puett's insightful remarks in this presentation. He criticizes the previous viewpoint that the relationships of gods and men in ancient China were harmonious and mutually respondent. According to him, in the ancient way of thinking of China the world of gods was full of whimsical and unpredictable power and also contained the risks, which led to disaster to the human world. So it is needed to be controled in a certain way. The sacrifice and the divination must have been instruments for controlling it in ancient China. In the same vein his arguments can be applied to the special connotations of hunting and stock raising, by the benefit of which I developed my own ideas in this paper. The conclusions are as follows. First, Shang dynasty tried to suppress the latent danger of two worlds. The nature represented by animals and the world of gods were respectively considered as the unknown domains, which is to threatening human life. Hunting, stock raising, sacrifice were the ways and means of controlling these two domains of power, which cause chaos in life. Second, the relationships among gods, men, animals had various functions and changed their status role, depending on the circumstances. Hunting and stock raising were important methods to domesticate animals with violence. In this domestication process animals became "victims" but animals are also to be the messengers to gods through being slain in the sacrifice. In this way animals are both inferior and superior to men and hold a unique status between gods and men.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.14
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• pp.7-32
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• 2012

The exhibition was started in 2010 in the New Acropolis Museum of Athens and embarked a journey since 2011 as a travelling exhibition inside Greece and abroad. The main purpose of the exhibition was to draw attention of the general public to the value of the 'rescue excavation' and of cultural heritage of Greece, by presenting the reconstruction bust of a girl whose skull was found in Kerameikos cemetery of ancient Athens. The new Kerameikos excavation was initiated by the construction of Metropolitan Railway lines in the center of Athens between 1992 to 1998. It revealed a pit of a mass burial where about 150 people were inhumed in a very hasty way without proper funeral rites or offerings. These bodies are identified as the victims of the infamous plague of Athens in the first years of the Peloponnesian War(430-426 BC). The epidemic disease killed almost one third of the city population including Pericles, and brought extreme fear and panic to the Athens society. The traditional funerary rites were totally disrupted, and the social decorum and the morality among the citizens became enfeebled. The plague and the civil war were the decisive factors to end the Golden Age of Democratic Athens. However, the exhibition organizers did not focus on the tragic aspect of this disaster and its casualties. Their main concern was to simplify the scholarly works of archaeological excavation and microchemistry analysis so that the exhibition viewers will easily understand and empathize the living value of the scholarly works of ancient Greek civilization. The centripetal element of the exhibition was the vivid face of an 11 years old ancient girl 'Myrtis', which was carefully reconstructed based on both the scientific data and artistic imagination. Also the set up of the exhibition was structured in order to stimuli cognitive and emotional experience of the visitors who witnessed the rebirth of a vibrant human being from an ancient debris. The museologists' continuous efforts to promote projects of contemporary artists, publications, and school programs related to the exhibition indicate that the ulterior motive of this exhibition is the cultural education of the present and future generation through the intimate experiences of ancient Greek life. Also this is the reason why the various museums that held the travelling exhibition try to make the presentation as a gesture of memorial service for an anonymous Athenian girl who deceased circa 2400 years ago. The pragmatic efforts of Greek scholars and museologists through exhibition show us a way to find a solution to the continuous threat of cultural resources by massive construction projects and land development, and to overcome public indifference to the history and cultural heritage.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.176-181
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• 2019

According to the 2017 Industrial Accident Analysis by Age, 71.8 % of construction disaster victims and 74.9 % of the deaths were workers aged 50 years or older, highlighting the seriousness of industrial accidents among aged construction workers. In this study, 303 construction workers aged 50 or older and 178 safety managers were surveyed on ways to improve the basic occupational safety and health education for senior workers in the construction industry. According to a comparison of the safety awareness for safety education by senior workers and safety managers, the safety manager showed a higher sense of safety for education than elderly workers. Regarding the remuneration education for those who had received basic occupational safety and health education in the construction industry, 69.9 percent said that regular remuneration education was needed, and 69.9 percent of them said that basic occupational safety and health repair education in the construction industry was needed every three years after the completion of education. This study is intended to present improvement plans for repair education for those who have completed basic occupational safety and health training in the construction industry.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.8-15
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• 2017

Most fire victims succumb to smoke inhalation, and fire smoke toxicity from interior materials is increasing with increased use of plastics. Large amounts of hazardous effects of smoke are related to deposition of smoke particles in respiratory tracts, and deposition characteristics are influenced by size distribution of particles. Thus, it is essential to know the size distribution of smoke particles from plastics for hazard analysis of fire smoke. In a recent study, it has been shown that size distributions of smoke particles from PP are different from wood in many aspects. In order to know whether other plastics show the same characteristics as PP, size distributions of smoke particles from four plastic materials (LDPE, PA66, PMMA, and PVC) were measured in real time under each fire type with various temperature and oxygen supply. In this study, smoke particles from different plastics were generated uniformly by using steady-state tube furnace method provided in ISO/TS 19700. Their size distributions were measured by using an electrical low pressure impactor (ELPI). Results of measurements showed that size distributions of smoke particles from these four plastic materials were similar to those from PP in many aspects. However, they were distinctively different from those of wood.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.44-52
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• 2018

Objective : The present study had examined the psychiatric symptoms and physical health consequences for the bereaved parents of the high school students who died in the 2014 Sewol ferry accident. Methods : Forty bereaved parents participated in the study. The authors administered self-report questionnaires about the parents' health behaviors and psychiatric symptoms. The authors also conducted laboratory tests to assess the parents' physical health at 18 and 30 months after the accident. Univariate descriptive statistics were performed to report the prevalence and severity of psychiatric symptoms and health-related behaviors. Paired t-test and Mcnemar test were performed to compare the 18-and 30-month findings. Correlation analysis between psychiatric symptoms and laboratory findings were performed to find a relationship between the two variables. Results : At 30 months after the accident, most of the bereaved parents still appeared to suffer from complicated grief (97.5%), post traumatic stress disorder (80%), insomnia (77.5%) and severe depression (62.5%) based on the scores on the Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG), the PTSD Check List-5 (PCL-5), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). One quarter of the bereaved parents reported high-risk drinking, and 47.5% reported increased drinking amount and frequency after the accident. In objective laboratory results, 55% of the bereaved parents were obese as defined by body mass index ${\geq}25$. The parents' mean low-density lipoprotein shows a significant increase over time (118.5 mg/dL at 18 months. vs. 132.5 mg/dL at 30 months. paired t-test t=-4.061, $$p{\leq_-}0.001$$). Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein at 30 months after the accident were in clinically borderline high range. In correlation analysis, triglyceride was positively correlated with ISI. Conclusion : The loss of children in the Sewol ferry accident, a disaster caused by human error, continued to have considerable impact on the victims' parents' mental and physical health 18 and 30 months after the accident. A longitudinal study following the parents' physical health would be necessary to investigate the long-term effects of this traumatic experience on physical health.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.5865-5874
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• 2015

Large accidents such as the recent to the ringing years Pat disaster they become apparent in the human resources, the cause of the accident is also the site corresponding manual member and management blind spots, are aggregated such as safety frigidity. Big problem is safe frigidity of workplace than accident. It is also a reason to introduce a punitive damages system in offices and business owners that caused the direct safety accident from this point. Punitive damages agent and compensation for mental damage, by so as to compensate for far more money than the actual damages, which carry a punishment nature to prevent a situation where the tort is repeated. Currently, it admits "compensatory damages system" corresponding to the damage that gave basically damage by law, but are subject to criticism that not properly relief victims. However, there is a need for the introduction of punitive damages system for safety accident prevention. This is, this system, while to prevent the recurrence of the reverse safety accident, strive to investment and management for safety, healthy companies can operate in the direction of giving more opportunities, national companies that are ignoring and threatening the safety, but to leave because the match also to social justice.

• Korean Journal of Family Social Work
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• no.43
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• pp.87-110
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• 2014

This study is to understand the psychosocial experience in 'Cheonan Warship Incident Survivors'. The study question was how psychosocial experience in The Union of Family Bereaved by Cheonan Warship had been progressed. To answer this question 4 representers ofthe group and 2 reporters had been interviewed using a qualitative research method based on Phenomenology method. From this study the group's experience in had been revealed that they first crisis intervention are to identify and reinforce the strengths and coping skills of a one's family. Second, they gathered their opinion together and assigned the roles to the members, and then, requested what they want responding reasonably. The families' love, the representers' quick judgements and decisions, and the embarrassment of the military and media for the dead, who had been abandoned for long and decayed under the cold ocean, made the national support and respectful treatment possible for the dead and the family. The results of study will be applicable for individuals and groups, who need social work service as an empowerment intervention approach and crisis intervention are to identify and reinforce the strengths and coping skills of a one's family. The social worker's ability to anticipate, understand, and give therapeutic direction to the crisis reaction and the concerns of family members helps to bring around a successful crisis resolution. It is clear to us that wars, suicides, homicides in school settings, disaster and other events are providing unique challenges to social workers who are interested in learning more about the effects such events have on victims of traumatic events.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.345-356
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• 2022

A severe flooding occured at a small urban catchment in Daejeon-si South Korea on July 30, 2020 causing significant loss of property (inundated 78 vehicles and two apartments) and life (one casualty and 56 victims). In this study, a retrospective analysis of the inundation event was implemented using a physically-based urban flood model, H12 with high-resolution data. H12 is an integrated 1-dimensional sewer network and 2-dimensional surface flow model supported by hybrid parallel techniques to efficiently deal with high-resolution data. In addition, we evaluated the impact of the flooding barriers which were installed after the flood disaster. As a result, it was found that the inundation was affected by a combination of multiple components including the shape of the basin, the low terrain of the inundation area located in the downstream part of the basin, and lack of pipe capacity to drain discharge from the upstream during heavy rain. The impact of the flooding barriers was analyzed by modeling with and without barriers on the high-resolution terrain input data. It was evaluated that the flood barriers effectively lower the water depth in the apartment complex. This study demonstrates capability of high-resolution physically-based urban modeling to quantitatively assess the past inundation event and the impact of the reduction measures.