• Health Policy and Management
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.99-112
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of fire fighters' duty type on occurrence and severity of low back pain. Data were collected with questionnaire to 450 fire fighters working at 119 safety center and rescue unit of 30 fire stations in Gyeonggi-do. Finally the study was analyzed for 360 persons among them. The risk of experiencing of lower back pain occurred in the order of Rescue[odds ratio(OR) 3.36, 95% confidence interval(95% CI) 1.18-9.52], Vehicle operation(OR 2.63, 95% CI 1.26-5.50), First aid(OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.03-4.59), and Putting out a fire. The risk on severity of lower back pain occurred in the order of Vehicle operation(OR 4.00, 95% CI 1.57-9.80), First aid(OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.00-4.81), Putting out a fire, and Rescue. These result suggest that duty type of fire fighters may be a prognostic factor for occurrence and severity of low back pain. The potential implications of these findings are discussed about different approach for primary and secondary prevention by duty type of fire fighters.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.81-91
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• 2016

Purpose : This study is conducted to analyze the safe awarenece, its related health education and the employee's requirements in a prime supplier and its subcontractor company, suggesting the proper measure in employee education program. Method : The employees of 'S' construction company and its subcontractor are surveyed during the period of April 15 from May 15 in 2016. The 324 questionnaires are statistically analyzed with the version 21.0 of SPSS. The general characteristics were calculated through the frequency analysis and descriptive statistics. The difference in safe consciousness between prime and subcontractor employee group was analyzed using t-test. Result : The statistics shows the employees in the prime company tend to observe the safe rules rather than the subcontractor employees(p<.005), but the latter are more conscious of safety in working environment than the former(p<.005). In addition, the subcontractor company did not provide his employees with the site for the safety-health education. Conclusion : The small-sized subcontractor company should identify its employees' requirements and supplement the lack of the safety and health education for the prevention of the industrial disasters. In details, the hand-on and practice-oriented leaning and teaching program development are suggested.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.169-172
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• 2021

The article discusses the results of a quantitative analysis of open educational resources in the field of information technology. Study is based on a study of the content of ten platforms that provide access to open resources (OPs). To achieve this goal, we used the following methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of Internet sources to determine the popularity of educational platforms and resources on them; quantitative data analysis to determine the relative proportion of IT courses in various parameters: the relative weight of courses in the IT field in general and on each platform in particular, the language of instruction, the quantitative content by thematic areas. The following platforms providing access to open educational resources were subjected to quantitative analysis: Coursera, Edx, Udemy, MIT OpenCourseWare, OpenLearn, Intuit, Prometheus, UoPeople, Open Learning Initiative, Maidan Open University.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.31-43
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• 1986

There is the picture of four gods(四神圖) painted on the wall of old tomb of Koguryo dynasty in $4{\sim}5$ century. Four gods in this picture were Symbolized by four animals, tortoise, tiger, ryong which is imaginative large Snake, and bong hwang which is also imaginative birds. Those animals wese believed at that time as protecting geities against all of the haman disaster and evils. The peoples of Kojosun dynasty carried those animal charms, and painted or graved on some where of living environment such as furniture, utensils, tools, wall, ceiling, etc. They ate those animals as food or medicine to treatment of all disieses and to get rid of evils and to gain well-being. A lot of examples in historical records were cited and interrelated to above super stitions.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.84 no.3
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• pp.176-181
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• 2021

At the beginning of February 2020, Daegu faced a serious situation due to the rapid outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2. The healthcare system in Daegu Metropolitan City was ill-prepared for this sudden disaster situation. The COVID-19 pandemic is still ongoing in South Korea. Daegu has limited medical resources compared to the Seoul Metropolitan Area, and it is hypothesized that a review of the outbreak therein could provide information that will be valuable for dealing with future outbreaks. The likelihood of death due to COVID-19 depends on the capacity of the area for the treatment of critically ill patients. This report reviews the overall treatment process followed for critically ill patients in Daegu.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.137-139
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• 2022

In 2021, severely infected trees showing distinct symptoms including branch dieback, necrotic lesions on branches, cankers on the shoots, and dark brown discoloration on the stem on Hovenia dulcis were found in the provincial forest of Jeollabuk-do located in Jangsu, South Korea. The causal agent of the pathogen was identified as Botryosphaeria dothidea based on morphology and sequence comparisons. This is the first confirmed report of B. dothidea causing branch dieback and canker on H. dulcis.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.65-67
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• 2024

This review is based on articles published in Japanese Journal of Health Physics on "Radiation-exposed medical care and waste" related to Tokyo Electric Power Company Incorporated (TEPCO)'s Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station accident. Here, we have considered three original articles; one technical data, one special article, one 50^th anniversary article, one preface, three topics, and two cases of From Japan to the World (J to W). These articles have reported the system and standards that were established after the accident. Moreover, they have summarized rare experiences such as the fumbling response at the time and the evaluation of samples in that disaster. These articles constitute valuable records of the situation.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.179-187
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• 2018

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to assess physical illnesses, psychological difficulties, and daily life function of victims' family members one year after the Sewol ferry disaster, in order to establish a basis of strategies to promote their mental health and resilience. Methods : We statistically analyzed self-reported data collected from a survey conducted between March 22 and 28, 2015 with 139 family members of victims. Results : All respondents complained about one or more psychological difficulties, and 95.4% of them had newly diagnosed or exacerbated physical illnesses. An increased number of psychological difficulties was associated with a greater tendency to present physical illnesses including chronic headache, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, obstetrico-gynecological, genitourinary, and cardiovascular disease. In addition, the majority of respondents reported a decrease in life functioning. Specifically, 71.9% reported interpersonal avoidance and 63.9% reported difficulty in returning to work. Conclusions : Not only psychological trauma but also physical illness and daily functioning should be evaluated in detail and actively addressed in the bereaved family members after a catastrophe.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.159-163
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• 2006

Purpose: The number of patients transported by the Helicopter Emergency Medical Service (HEMS) has increased recently. In our review of the Korean HEMS, there was no established helicopter utilization criteria or triage tool on the scene, so many patients with minor injuries were transported to tertiary care centers. The aim of this study is to evaluate the percentage of patients with minor injuries and to propose a more appropriate triage tool for predicting the need for transport to a tertiary care center. Methods: The subjects of this study were 59 trauma patients transported to Asan Medical Center (AMC) from the scene by Seoul HEMS from January 2004 to December 2005. The Triage score (TS), Injury Severity Score (ISS), and modified Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale (mCTAS) were calculated as severity scales. Patients with minor injuries were defined as those with TS=9, ISS${\leq}15$, and mCTAS${\geq}3$. We evaluated the association of TS, ISS, and mCTAS with the appropriateness of transport. Results: Many of the patients transported to tertiary medical centers were classified as having a minor injury: TS=9 group 35 cases (72.9%), ISS${\leq}15$ group 30 cases (62.5%) and mCTAS${\geq}3$ group 27 cases (56.2%). However, 56.2% (27/59) of the patients were appropriately transported according to need for admission or an operation. The more severely injured patients classified by TS, ISS, and mCTAS were more appropriately transported to a tertiary center (p<0.05). Conclusion: Many patients with minor injuries were transported to a tertiary center from the scene directly. The TS can be easily calculated by an emergency medical technician at the scene. Thus, we propose the TS as a useful triage tool for determining the necessity of transport to a tertiary center by helicopter.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.130-137
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• 2007

Purpose: Ultrasound is of proven accuracy in abdominal and thoracic trauma and may be useful for diagnosing extremity injury in situations where radiography is not available, such as disasters and military and space applications. However, the diagnosis of fractures is suggested by history and physical examination and is typically confirmed with radiography. As a alternative to radiography, we prospectively evaluated the utility of extremity ultrasound performed by trained residents of emergency medicine (EM) one patient with wrist and ankle extremity injuries. Methods: Initially, residents of EM performed physical examinations for fractures. The emergency ultrasound (EM US) was performed by trained residents, who used a portable ultrasound device with a 10- to 5-MHz linear transducer, on suspected patients before radiography examination. The results of emergency ultrasound and radiography and the final diagnosis were recorded, and correlation among them were determined by using Kappa s test Results: Thirty-nine patients were enrolled in our study. The average age was $36.6\;{\pm}\;19.3$ years. There were radius Fx. (n=21), radius-ulna Fx. (n=1), ulna Fx. (n=1), and contusion (n=2) injuries among the wrist injury and lat.-med. malleolar Fx. (n=13), lat. malleolar Fx. (n=6), and med. malleolar Fx. (n=3) injuries among the ankle injury. Comparing EM US with radiography, we found the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of EM US for Fx. diagnosis to be 100%, 66.7%, 97.3%, 100% and those of radiography to be 97.2%, 100%, 100%, and 75%, respectively. Kappa s test for a correlation between the Fx. diagnosis of EM US and the final diagnosis of Fx was performed, and Kappa's value was 0.787 (P = 0.004).Conclusion: EM US for Fx. can be performed quickly and accurately by EM residents with excellent accuracy in remote locations such as disaster areas and in military and aerospace applications. EM US was as useful as radiography in our study and had a high correlation to the final diagnosis of Fx. Therefore, ultrasound should performed on patients with extremity injury to determine whether extremity evaluation should be added to the FAST (focused abdominal sonography trauma) examination.