• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.536-547
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• 2014

With the changing safety services and social order systems accompanied by the economic development and changing public security environment since the Chinese economic reform, the security service industry in China is growing daily and related problems are increasing. For the Chinese security service market to be activated, the monopoly of security services by the public security agencies must be removed. In addition, the research and development, expansion, and applications of safety and crime prevention technologies regarding the safety and protection of exhibition, sales, culture, sports, commerce activities, combinations of safety technologies and crime prevention processes, the provision of relevant technical operations, and the expansion of security service areas are required. Furthermore, the administration rights, property rights, and business management rights of security companies must be separated, the security headquarters must be integrated and coordinated for optimization of various resources solely by market needs, and their rights and affiliation relations must be clear. Besides, the competitiveness of security companies in the security service market must be enhanced by unifying the business management, and optimizing and sharing their resources. The security service ordinances of China that have been implemented now must be applied realistically, methods to activate the true market economy for security services must be researched, and various ordinances related to security services must be realigned in line with the characteristics of security services. Finally, for the mutual cooperation system between public and private security services, the public security agencies must acknowledge the importance of private security services and the status of security service providers in crime prevention and social order maintenance. They must establish partnership relations with each other beyond the unilateral direction and management system for security services and drive with positive attitudes the security service industry which is still in its infancy.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.519-532
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• 2024

Purpose: This study analyze the correlation between elections and wild Fire to provide information necessary for formulating wild fire prevention and response policies. Method: Data of the Forest Service and the Meteorological Administration were used to compare the occurrence and burned area of wild fires in election and non-election years. Statistical significance between the two groups was analyzed with an independent sample t-test, and MANOVA(multivariate analysis of variance) was used to evaluate the effects of temperature and humidity. Result: There was no statistical significance in the occurrence and burn area of wild fires between election and non-election years. However, analysis of the raw data indicated significantly greater damage in election years. MANOVA revealed that election status, temperature, and humidity did not significantly impact the occurrence and burn area of large wild fires. Conclusion: Wild fire occurrence and burned area were higher election years than non-election years, possibly due to election-related social factors. Thus, enhancing wild fire prevention and response policies in election years and considering weather factors and social activites is necessary.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.85-90
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• 2013

This study is an attempt to quantify rainwater utilization and miscellaneous water demand in Tokyo's 23 special wards, the core of the urban area in Tokyo, Japan, in order to elucidate the potential of further rainwater utilization. The rainwater utilization for miscellaneous appropriate water demands, including toilet flushing, air conditioning, and garden irrigation, were calculated for six different types of building: residential house, office, department store, supermarket, restaurant, and accommodation. Miscellaneous water demands in these different types of building were expressed in terms of equivalent rainfall of 767, 1,133, 3,318, 1,887, 16,574, and 2,227 (mm/yr), respectively, compared with 1,528 mm of Tokyo's average annual precipitation. Building types, numbers and its height were considered in this study area using geographic information system data to quantify miscellaneous water demands and the amount of rainwater utilization in each ward. Area precipitation-demand ratio was used to measure rainwater utilization potential for miscellaneous water demands. Office and commercial areas, such as Chiyoda ward, showed rainwater utilization potentials of <0.3, which was relatively low compared to those wards where many residential houses are located. This is attributed to the relatively high miscellaneous water demand. In light of rainwater utilization based on building level, the introduction of rainwater storage mechanisms with a storage depth of 50 mm for six different types of buildings was considered, and calculated as rainfall of 573, 679, 819, 766, 930, and 787 (mm), respectively. Total rainwater utilization using such storage facilities in each building from 23 wards resulted in the retention of 102,760,000 $m^3$ of water for use in miscellaneous applications annually, and this volume corresponded to 26.3% of annual miscellaneous water demand.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.535-542
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to prevent recidivism by recognizing the seriousness of recidivism against sexual offenders under the age of 13 and providing customized social adaptation services based on risk. Method: The study evaluate the efficiency of existing models and proposed model systems, and compare and review what features and operational differences exist from existing models. Result: The proposed model will collect data from related agencies on sexual violence offenders with a high risk of recidivism and classify them into three risk groups through risk algorithms to provide social adaptation services for each risk group. In addition, by monitoring primary social support matching data, storing and re-analyzing the results data to rematch social support services, the model differs from the existing model in preventing recidivism of sexual violence offenders from a long-term perspective. Conclusion: The proposed model of this study is meaningful in that it proposed the basic data of a response system to prevent recidivism from a long-term perspective of sexual offenders with the highest risk of recidivism by collecting and analyzing data on sexual offenders.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.57-69
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• 2016

In this study, we analyzed the extreme rainfall distribution scenarios based on probable rainfall calculation and applying various time distribution models over the landslide high risk zones in urban areas. We used observed rainfall data form total 71 ASOS (Automated Synoptic Observing System) station and AWS (Automatic Weather Station) in KMA (Korea Meteorological Administration), and we analyzed the linear trends for 1-hr and 24-hr annual maximum rainfall series using simple linear regression method, which are identified their increasing trends with slopes of 0.035 and 0.660 during 1961-2014, respectively. The Gumbel distribution was applied to obtain the return period and probability precipitation for each duration. The IDF (Intensity-Duration-Frequency) curves for landslide high risk zones were derived by applying integrated probability precipitation intensity equation. Results from IDF analysis indicate that the probability precipitation varies from 31.4~38.3 % for 1 hr duration, and 33.0~47.9 % for 24 hr duration. It also showed different results for each area. The $Huff-4^{th}$ Quartile method as well as Mononobe distribution were selected as the rainfall distribution scenarios of landslide high risk zones. The results of this study can be used to provide boundary conditions for slope collapse analysis, to analyze sediment disaster risk, and to use as input data for risk prediction of debris flow.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.109-116
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to make suggestions for the infectious disease surveillance systems as part of the government's healthcare policy intended to minimize damage by implementing an appropriate and swift crisis management in the event of future infectious disease outbreaks. To that end, this descriptive study analyzes the infectious disease outbreaks and the management and control thereof in Korea and other countries, so as to suggest some approaches to infectious disease surveillance systems applicable to affected regions. The analysis results shed light on the causes of the spread of future infectious diseases over the past years, and the management systems that could possibly deal with the trial and error in the response policy. It seems crucial to roll out appropriate information, training and promotion programs as part of the national disaster response systems to prevent infectious diseases in relation to the roles of multiple relevant government agencies in the event of disasters especially amid the COVID-19 pandemic.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.347-356
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide basic evidence to improve community health nursing practice education by analyzing the current status of actual operation, program outcomes and evaluation methods, and the level of achieving learning goals. Methods: Data were collected through an e-mail survey from 155 professors teaching community health nursing in April 2016. Out of 45 responses in total, 42 cases were used for analysis (response rate 29.0%). Results: Community health nursing practice was a 3-credit course in most of the schools (66.7%) and included a practice at public health centers without exception. The most common diagnosis classification system was OMAHA (81.0%). The core fundamental nursing skills evaluated during the practice were subcutaneous injection, vital signs, oral administration, and intradermal injection. Among the subjects of community health nursing practice, the area with the highest potential for achieving learning goals was primary health care provision (4.4/5) and the area with the lowest potential was disaster management (2.4/5). Conclusion: The results of this study show that there would be active efforts to complement and improve several problems of the community health nursing practice among the community health nursing practice instructors for more effective and qualitative community health nursing practice.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.39-48
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• 2024

Due to COVID-19, much research has been conducted on learning loss and educational gaps due to the postponement of the start of school and prolonged online distance learning, and most of the research has focused on the phenomenon of educational gaps. If a pandemic situation like this occurs in the future, fundamental policies are needed to resolve the educational gap. A fundamental solution requires not only an understanding of the educational gap phenomenon, but also the structure behind the phenomenon. Therefore, from a structuralist perspective, this study sought to model the educational gap caused by COVID-19 as a prototype of systems thinking and identify its structure. In addition, we looked at the unintended consequences resulting from policies aimed at resolving existing educational gaps. In order to respond to similar disaster situations in the future, policies for resolving the digital gap, support for basic academic skills, quality improvement for distance learning, and self-directed learning were discussed based on the structure of this study.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.88-104
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• 2002

According to the change of mandatory referral system in July 1, 2000, the effect to the medical utilization of outpatient clinic and medical income in ophthalmology of tertiary care medical institute, S Hospital in Seoul was evaluated for 6 months before(1999. 12$\sim$2000. 5) and after(2000. 12$\sim$2001. 5). The results were as follows: 1. The number of outpatients was reduced by 16.6%. The number of patient with blindness low vision, retina, glaucoma increased and that of patient with accommodation refractive error, cataract decreased. 2. The number of cataract patients was reduced by 36.6%. The major location of patient's address was changed to nearer to the hospital. The number of cataract surgery reduced in 4.1%, the waiting time reduced in 42.2%, however surgery time increased in 20.2% and number of postoperative complications increased in 11.4%. 3. The income of outpatient clinic and cataract surgery reduced. Among items of outpatient clinic income, the most increased was ocular examination and the most reduced was injection and drugs. Among items of cataract surgery income, the most increased was operation fee and the most decreased was doctor's fee. In conclusion, for the patient, due to the lowered density of outpatient population more space was provided to the patients with more severe disease entity such as blindness' low vision, retina and glaucoma. For the hospital, the need for the expansion of ophthalmology was not found, however that for creation of the special clinics dealing with more severe disease entity was found. Due to reduced income and increased need of financial investment for the equipment and manpower for the more severe disease entity, the ophthalmology of tertiary care medical institute is faced with financial disaster. It is strongly suggested that the cost of medical practice of more severe disease entity be raised to achieve the success after change of mandatory referral system in ophthalmology.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.599-607
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to reproduce long-term wave fields in coastal waters of Korea based on wave hind-casting modelling and discuss its applications. To validate wind data(NCEP, ECMWF, JMA-MSM), comparison of wind data was done with wave buoy data. JMA-MSM predicted wind data with high accuracy. But due to relatively longer period of ECMWF wind data as compared to that of JMA-MSM, wind data set of ECMWF(2001~2014) was used to perform wave hind-casting modelling. Results from numerical modelling were verified with the observed data of wave buoys installed by Korea Meteorological Administration(KMA) and Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Agency(KHOA) on offshore waters. The results agree well with observations at buoy stations, especially during the event periods such as a typhoon. Consequently, the wave data reproduced by wave hind-casting modelling was used to obtain missing data in wave observation buoys. The obtained missing data indicated underestimation of maximum wave height during the event period at some points of buoys. Reasons for such underestimation may be due to larger time interval and resolution of the input wind data, water depth and grid size etc. The methodology used in present study can be used to analyze coastal erosion data in conjunction with a wave characteristic of the event period in coastal areas. Additionally, the method can be used in the coastal disaster vulnerability assessment to generate wave points of interest.