• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.405-408
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• 2009

Edge cracks in cold rolling always influence to the quality of productions, while the "V" shaped cracks were propagated by passing the roll gap. We set up the sizes and shapes of initial cracks in simulation according to the references from real productions. Different to in hot rolling, the cracks in cold rolling couldn't be reduced from propagation automatically after generated, even if these could be reduced by changing the process parameters. In this paper, we described the affections of process parameters on the propagation of edge cracks, such as reduction ratio and tension. We predicted that the dependence of the cracks propagations of changing of process conditions and expected to gain the smaller edge cracks. By raising the reduction ratio, the cracks were propagated increasingly in both transverse and rolling directions. And as tension raise, the cracks became propagated in both directions in which transverse direction was less effectively.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.204-206
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• 2008

In this paper, we proposed the recognition method that automatically extracts cracks from a surface image acquired by a digital camera and recognizes the directions (horizontal, vertical, -45 degree, and 45 degree) of cracks using the fuzzy single layer perceptron. We compensate an effect of light on a concrete surface image by applying the closing operation, which is one of the morphological techniques, extract the edges of cracks by Sobel masking, and binarize the image by applying the iterated binarization technique. Two times of noise reduction are applied to the binary image for effective noise elimination. After the specific regions of cracks are automatically extracted from the preprocessed image by applying Glassfire labeling algorithm to the extracted crack image, the cracks of the specific region are enlarged or reduced to $30{\times}30$ pixels and then used as input patterns to the fuzzy single layer perceptron. The experiments using concrete crack images showed that the cracks in the concrete crack images were effectively extracted and the fuzzy single layer perceptron was effective in the recognition of the extracted cracks directions.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제10권8호
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• pp.1068-1077
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 콘크리트 표면 품질이 좋은 영상뿐만 아니라, 기존의 영상처리 기법에서 다루지 않았던 표면 품질이 좋지 않은 영상에 대해서도 효율적으로 균열을 추출하고, 추출된 균열의 특징인 길이, 방향, 폭을 자동으로 계산한 후, ART2 기반 RBF 네트워크를 적용하여 균열의 방향성($-45^{\circ}$방향, $45^{\circ}$방향, 횡방향, 종방향)을 인식하는 기법을 제안한다. 본 논문에서 제안한 콘크리트 균열 추출 및 분석 알고리즘은 Roberts 연산자를 이용하여 균열을 강조하고, 강조된 균열을 Multiple 연산을 이용하여 균열과 배경간의 밝기 차이를 크게 한 후, 개선된 적응 이진화 기법을 이용하여 균열의 후보 영역을 추출한다. 추출된 균열 후보 영역을 형상 분석과 위치 및 방향 분석을 이용하여 3차례에 걸쳐 잡음을 제거하고, 잡음 제거 과정에서 잡음으로 분류된 균열을 복원하여 균열의 특징을 분석한다. 그리고 ART2 기반 RBF 네트워크를 균열의 방향성($-45^{\circ}$방향, $45^{\circ}$방향, 횡방향, 종방향)에 적용하여 인식한다. 제안된 ART2 기반 RBF 네트워크는 입력층과 중간층으로의 학습은 ART2을 적용하고 중간층과 출력층간의 학습은 Delta 학습 방법을 적용한다. 실제 콘크리트 표면 균열 영상을 대상으로 실험한 결과, 제안한 방법이 기존의 방법보다 균열의 검출 성능이 개선되었고 잡음으로 분류된 균열도 효율적으로 복원되었다. 또한 제안된 ART2 기반 RBF 네트워크가 균열의 방향성 인식에 효율적임을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.119-129
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• 1990

본 연구에서는 선적분화 된 체적력항을 갖는 경계요소법을 이용하여, Griffi- th균열에 대한 열응력세기계수를 구하여 Sumi의 결과와 비교 검토하고, 유무한체내의 대칭 입술형및 대칭 익형 커스프균열들(symmetric lip and airfoil cusp cracks)의 열 응력세기계수를 균열묘면이 단열된 경우와 일정 온도로 유지된 경우에 대해 계산하고 자 한다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.77-82
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 콘크리트 표면 균열의 방향성을 효율적으로 인식하기 위하여 영상처리 기법을 적용하여 균열을 자동으로 검출하고 개선된 Max-Min 신경망을 제안하여 균열의 방향성을 자동으로 인식하는 기법을 제안한다. 균열 영상에서 빛의 영향을 효율적으로 보정하기 위해 모폴로지 기법인 채움 연산을 적용하고 Sobel 마스크를 적용하여 균열의 에지를 추출한 후, 반복 이진화를 적용하여 균열 영상을 이진화한다. 이진화된 균열 영상에서 2차례에 걸쳐 잡음 제거 연산을 수행한 후, 균열을 추출한다. 본 논문에서는 Max-Min 신경망을 개선하여 추출된 균열의 방향성을 자동으로 인식한다. 개선된 Max-Min 신경망은 delta-bar-delta 알고리즘을 적용하여 학습률을 자동으로 조정한다. 실제 콘크리트 표면 균열 영상을 대상으로 실험한 결과, 개선된 Max-Min 신경망이 균열의 방향성 인식에 효율적임을 확인하였다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제12권11호
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• pp.36-44
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• 1995

When sliding a hard cylinder along the surface of glass, periodic surface cracks appear on the flat surface due to tensile stresses induced by the slider. These cracks propagate into the substrate and will affect the fracture properties of a body. Crack spacings and the directions of crack propagation into glass were calculated numerically by applying the finite element method and linear elastic fracture mechanics. The calculated crack spacings were in the range of the experimental results. Stress intensity factors and crack extension angles depended on the radius of slider and the load, and from these two factors the possible directions of crack propagation were calculated. The calculated propagation directions were in good agreement with real crack propagation.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.49-60
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• 2019

Crack instability propagation during coal and rock mass failure is the main reason for electromagnetic radiation (EMR) generation. However, original cracks on coal and rock mass are hard to study, making it complex to reveal EMR laws and mechanisms. In this paper, we prefabricated cracks of different inclinations in coal and rock samples as the analogues of the native cracks, carried out uniaxial compression experiments using these coal and rock samples, explored, the effects of the prefabricated cracks on EMR laws, and verified these laws by measuring the surface potential signals. The results show that prefabricated cracks are the main factor leading to the failure of coal and rock samples. When the inclination between the prefabricated crack and axial stress is smaller, the wing cracks occur first from the two tips of the prefabricated crack and expand to shear cracks or coplanar secondary cracks whose advance directions are coplanar or nearly coplanar with the prefabricated crack's direction. The sample failure is mainly due to the composited tensile and shear destructions of the wing cracks. When the inclination becomes bigger, the wing cracks appear at the early stage, extend to the direction of the maximum principal stress, and eventually run through both ends of the sample, resulting in the sample's tensile failure. The effect of prefabricated cracks of different inclinations on electromagnetic (EM) signals is different. For samples with prefabricated cracks of smaller inclination, EMR is mainly generated due to the variable motion of free charges generated due to crushing, friction, and slippage between the crack walls. For samples with larger inclination, EMR is generated due to friction and slippage in between the crack walls as well as the charge separation caused by tensile extension at the cracks' tips before sample failure. These conclusions are further verified by the surface potential distribution during the loading process.

• 암석학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.238-244
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• 2008

국보 제 112호로 지정되어 있는 감은사지 삼층석탑(서탑)은 표면 풍화로 인한 훼손 상태가 심각하여 빠른 시간 내에 보수되어야 한다. 표면균열에 대한 부분적인 관찰 결과 2층 탑신면에는 수직균열이 발달한다. 이는 상하로 작용하는 강한 주 압축력에 평행하게 발달한 균열이 더욱 더 성장한 것이라고 판단된다. 균열 성장의 원인에는 이미 존재하던 수직균열을 이용한 화학적 풍화작용 및 생물학적 풍화작용이 가세했을 가능성이 높다. 3층 옥개석의 경우 표면균열은 북동방향과 북서방향으로 교차하는 향상으로 발달하고 있다. 3층 옥개석의 동쪽과 남쪽에서 많은 수의 균열이 관찰되며, 중심축에서 바깥쪽으로 잇는 수직균열과 바깥쪽의 수평균열들이 발달하고 있다. 한편, 3층 옥개석의 서쪽과 북쪽은 균열이 많이는 관찰되지 않으며, 대부분 수평균열이 발달하고 있다. 이는 중심축에서의 압축력이 모든 방향으로 동일하지 않으며, 무게 중심이 동쪽과 남쪽 방향으로 기울어져 이 방향으로 강한 압축력이 제공되는 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the International Welding/Joining Conference-Korea
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• pp.193-198
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• 2002

In 1his paper, applicability of laser welding to joining process of single crystal nickel base superalloy turbine blades was investigated. Because heat input of laser welding is more precisely controlled 1han TIG welding, it is possible to optimize solidification microstructure of the welds. Since in single crystal nickel base superalloy the crystal orientation have a significant effect on the strength, it is important to control the solidification microstructure in the fusion zone. A single crystal nickel base supera1loy, CMSX-4, plates were bead-on welded and butt welded using a $CO_2$ laser. The effects of microstructure and crystal orientation on properties of the weld joints were investigated. In bead-on weldling, welding directions were deviated from the base metal [100] direction by 0, 5, 15 and 30 degrees. The welds with deviation angles of 15 and 30 degrees showed fusion zone transverse cracks. As the deviation angles became larger, the fusion zone had more cracking. In the cross section microstructure, the fusion zone grains in 0 and 5 degrees welds grew epitaxially from the base metal spins except for the bead neck regions. The grains in the bead neck regions contained stray crystals. As deviation angles increased, number of the stray crystals increased. In butt welding, the declinations of the crystal orientation of the two base metals varied 0, 5 and 10 degrees. All beads had no cracks. In the 5 degrees bead, the cross section and surface microstructures showed that the fusion zone grains grew epitaxially from the base metal grains. However, the 10 degrees bead, the bead cross section and surface contained the stray crystals in the center of the welds. Orientations of the stray crystals accorded with the heat flow directions in the weld pool. When the welding direction was deviated from the base metal [100] direction, cracks appeared in the area including the stray crystals. The cracks developed along the grain boundaries of the stray crystals with high angles in the final solidification regions at the center of the welds. The fracture surfaces were covered with liquid film. The cracks, therefore, found to be solidification cracks due to the presence of low melting eutectic. As the results, in both bead-on welding and butt welding the deviation angles should be control within 5 degrees for preventing the fusion zone cracks. To investigate the mechanical properties of the weld joints, high temperature tensile tests for bead-on welds with deviation angles of 0 and 5 degrees and the butt welds with dec1ination angles of 0, 5 and 10 degrees were conducted at 1123K. The the tensile strength of all weld joints were more 1han 800MPa that is almost 80% of the tensile strength of the base metal. The strength of the laser weld joints were more than twice that of tue TIG weld joints with a filler metal of Inconel 625. The results reveals 1hat laser welding is more effective joining process for single crystal nickelbase superalloy turbine blades 1han TIG welding.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제50권9호
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• pp.697-702
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• 2012

In this study, unidirectional and plain woven carbon fiber reinforced magnesium matrix composite laminates were fabricated by the liquid pressing infiltration process, and evolutions of the microstructure and compressive strength of the composite laminates under corrosion were investigated by static immersion tests. In the case of the unidirectional composite laminate, the main microstructural damage during immersion appeared as a form of corrosion induced cracks, which were formed at both CF/Mg interfaces and the interfaces between layers. On the otherhand, wrap/fill interface cracks were mainly formed in the plain woven composite laminate, without any cracks at the CF/Mg interface. The formation of these cracks was considered to be associated with internal thermal residual stress, which was generated during cooling after the fabrication process of these materials. As a consequence of the corrosion induced cracks, the thickness of both laminates increased in directions vertical to the fibers with increasing immersion time. With increasing immersion time, the compressive strengths of both composite laminates also decreased continuously. It was found that the plain woven composite laminates have superior corrosion resistance and stability under a corrosive condition than unidirectional laminates.