• Archives of Orthopedic and Sports Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.109-115
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• 2018

Purpose: McKenzie is a widely-used and conventional clinical therapeutic exercise for patients with mechanical lower back pain. It is a well-designed assessment and classification system for the spine. Main issue: Patients with mechanical lower back pain are classified into one of three mechanical syndromes (posture, dysfunction, or derangement syndrome) by mechanical loading strategies. These methods evaluate symptomatic and mechanical responses during repeated end-range movement and sustained postures. The goal of McKenzie mechanical syndrome diagnosis is to determine directional preferences. Directional preference is a phenomenon of preference for posture or movement in one direction, which reduces or centralizes pain. However, in Korea, there is a lack of awareness of basic McKenzie mechanical syndromes diagnostic concepts. Koreans tend to think of the McKenzie method as a simple lumbar extension exercise. However, an accurate diagnosis of a mechanical syndrome must precede the application of McKenzie exercise. Conclusions: Thus, in this study, I present a classification method of McKenzie mechanical syndrome diagnosis and clinical characteristics of each mechanical syndrome.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.505-513
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• 2008

Regarding the developmental plans for the coastal areas and marine architectures, this study deal with the overall planning of apartment complexes in waterfront areas, focusing upon the analysis of their comfort and convenience factors from the perspective of the potential residence. It also analysis the intra-complex comfort and satisfaction conditions in terms of their floor-by-floor, directional. and location factors. The results of the study are as follows: 1) The order of respondents' preference on directional factor has been found to be: South > Southeast > Southwest > East > others. 2) 67% of the people surveyed on scenery responded that outward view is considered more significant than the directional factor. 3) A comprehensive analysis of floor zone-specific view preference shared that there were only minor differences among quay wall, arc, and river-seashore types. The impact of the characteristics of the marine environments turned out to be a greater point of consideration; showing that the other of floor-preference is: high-level > ultra-high level > middle level > low level.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.69-78
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• 2013

The location of villages differs by position, and the method to form the conditions of location varies greatly. This study has comprehensively investigated village layout in the riverside and directional relations in houses. With changes in riverside landscape and transition to an agriculture-oriented village, there have been changes in road and the size, shape and direction of houses as well. In terms of the direction of houses situated along the river, a house facing the river accounts for more than half of all houses in the village. As traditional houses are transformed into modern houses over time, houses have become bigger, and the number of the houses facing south or southeast has been on the rise. As described above, riverside landscape and preference for the house facing south have an effect on determination of the facing direction of houses. However, the direction of geographical features of the village was first followed, and other conditions have been reflected, and the characteristics for the facing direction of houses have been observed.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.109-117
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• 2008

Compared to the existing PC which uses a mouse and a keyboard, the touchscreen-based portable PC allows the user to use fingers, requiring new operation methods. However, current touchscreen-based web browser operations in many cases involve merely having fingers move simply like a mouse and click, or not corresponding well to the user's sensitivity and the structure of one's index finger, making itself difficult to be used during walking. Therefore, the goal of this study is to develop finger gestures which facilitate the interaction between the interface and the user, and make the operation easier. First, based on the frequency of usage in the web browser and preference, top eight functions were extracted. Then, the users' structural knowledge was visualized through sketch maps, and the finger gestures which were applicable in touchscreens were derived through the Meaning in Mediated Action method. For the front/back page, and up/down scroll functions, directional gestures were derived, and for the window closure, refresh, home and print functions, letter-type and icon-type gestures were drawn. A validation experiment was performed to compare the performance between existing operation methods and the proposed one in terms of execution time, error rate, and preference, and as a result, directional gestures and letter-type gestures showed better performance than the existing methods. These results suggest that not only during the operation of touchscreen-based web browser in portable PC but also during the operation of telematics-related functions in automobile, PDA and so on, the new gestures can be used to make operation easier and faster.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.120-129
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• 2019

Mooncakes are an important traditional food for the Mid-Autumn festival in many Asian countries, especially China. With the development of Chinese design, people pay more attention to the packaging design of mooncakes. Therefore, starting from the packaging design of mooncakes, this paper aims to study and analyze the preference of Chinese consumers for the packaging design of mooncakes and propose directional Suggestions for the packaging design of mooncakes. According to the market report of CNPP, the ten most popular mooncake brands in China are taken as the object, and four elements of packaging design, including brand, color, shape and material, are derived through preliminary research, and a questionnaire survey on the preferences of Chinese consumers is conducted. It is hoped that this paper can become the basic material for moon cake packaging design to improve consumers' preference, which will be helpful for specific packaging design schemes in the future.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.83-94
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• 2016

Providing a voice alarm to drivers approaching a work zone could be an effective alternative to mitigate the potential safety problems of the work zone. This study conceived a voice alarm with a direction sound speaker and a field test was conducted that evaluated the feasibility of the voice alarm at a highway work zone. During the field study, we carried out on-site driver surveys to obtain drivers' perception and preference, collected approaching speeds, and measured sound level during the off-peak 2-hour for two days, respectively. The results showed that while the voice alarm has the potential to be an effective tool in improving safety, the alternative appeared to have the negative effect of noise. Further refinement to a voice alarm with a directional speaker is required to improve feasibility, and the results are expected to be utilized as basic data useful for the refinement.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 2007

We placed and monitored 2,137 nest boxes to determine how the size of the entrance hole and the box placement influenced nest box selection by secondary cavity-nesting birds and to derive recommendations for the use of nest boxes for management of cavity-nesting birds in forested environments. A total of 566 pairs of seven bird species used the nest boxes from 1997 to 2006, 562 of which were secondary cavity-nesters. Sympatric tits such as varied tits (Parus varius), great tits (P. major), and marsh tits (P. palustris) were common breeding birds in nest boxes, and showed clear preferences for 4.0 cm, 3.5 cm and 3.0 cm nest holes, respectively. Tree sparrows (Passer montanus) and Eurasian nuthatches (Sitta europaea) preferred 4 cm and 3.5 cm holes, respectively. We did not detect selection for the directional orientation for the entrance hole, but the birds appeared to avoid nest boxes that faced steep or gentle upward slopes and those less than 1.8 m from the ground. These results are probably related to avoidance of disturbance and predation. We suggest that diverse species can be supported by the placement of nest boxes with entrance holes of various sizes and that specific species can be targeted by selecting the hole sizes preferred by those species. To attract secondary cavity-nesters, managers should avoid placing nest boxes close to the ground and facing hills. This study also suggests that careful selection and placement of nest boxes is needed to avoid biases in research using nest boxes.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.339-359
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to clarify the case and process of the application of the sign system in order to enable the user to reach the target site more efficiently in the library. For this purpose, a new sign system was applied to the S University library through procedures such as library structure, sign status, user observation, cyan production and preference survey. Detailed production process and user's reaction were identified. Based on this we suggested improvements to the library stacks signage system.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.49-64
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• 2003

Although assembly sequence planning is an essential task in assembly process planning, it is known as one of the most difficult and time consuming jobs because its complexity is increased geometrically when the number of parts in an assembly is increased. The purpose of this study is to develop a more efficient algorithm for generating assembly sequences automatically. By considering subassemblies, a new heuristic method generates a preferred parallel assembly sequence that can be used in robotic assembly systems. A parallel assembly sequence concept provides a new representation scheme for an assembly in which the assembly sequence precedence information is not required. After an user inputs both the directional mating relation information and the mating condition information, an assembly product is divided into subgroups if the product has cut-vertices. Then, a virtual disassembly process is executed to generate alternate parallel assembly sequences with intermediate assembly stability. Through searching parts relations in the virtual disassembly process, stable subassemblies are extracted from translation-free parts along disassembling directions and this extraction continues until no more subassemblies are existed. Also, the arithmetic mean parallelism formula as a preference criterion is adapted to select the best parallel assembly sequence among others. Finally a preferred parallel assembly sequence is converted to an assembly BOM structure. The results from this study can be utilized for developing CAAPP(Computer-Aided Assembly Process Planning) systems as an efficient assembly sequence planning algorithm.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.131-154
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• 2013

New internet technologies have created a revolutionary new platform which allows consumers to make decision about product price and quality quickly and provides information about themselves through the transcript of online reviews. By expressing their feelings toward products or services on virtual opinion platforms, users extend their influence into cyberspace as electronic word-of-mouth (e-WOM). Existing research indicates that an impact of eWOM on the consumer decision process is influential. For both academic researchers and practitioners, investigating this phenomenon of information sharing in online website is essential given the increasing number of consumers using them as sources of purchase decisions. It is worthwhile to examine the extent to which opinion seekers are willing to accept and adopt online reviews and which factors encourage adoption. Discerning the most motivating aspects of information adoption in particular, could help electronic marketers better promote their brand and presence on the internet. The objectives of this study are to investigate how online WOM influences a persons' purchase decision by discovering which factors encourage information adoption. Especially focused on the self-efficacy, this research investigates how self-efficacy affects on information usefulness and adoption of online information. Although people are exposed to same review or comment about product or service, some accept the reviews while others do not. We notice that accepting online reviews mainly depends on the person's preference or personal characteristics. This study empirically examines this issue by using cognitive dissonance theory. Specifically, in the movie industry, we address few questions-is always positive WOM generating positive effect? What if the movie isn't the person's favorite genre? What if the person who is very self-assertive so doesn't take other's opinion easily? In these cases of cognitive dissonance, is always WOM generating same result? While many studies have focused on one direct of WOM which indicates positive (or negative) informative reviews or comments generate positive (or negative) results and more (or less) profits, this study investigates not only directional properties of WOM but also how people change their opinion towards product or service positive to negative, negative to positive through the online WOM. An experiment was conducted quantitatively by using a sample of 168 users who have experience within the online movie review site, 'Naver Movie'. Users were required to complete a survey regarding reviews and comments taken from the real movie page. The data reflected user's perceptions of online WOM information that determined users' adoption level. Analysis results provide empirical support for the proposed theoretical perspective. When user can't agree with the opinion of online WOM information, in other words, when cognitive dissonance between online WOM information and users' preference occurs, perceived self-efficacy significantly decreases customers' perception of usefulness. And this perception of usefulness plays an important role in determining users' intention to adopt online WOM information. Most of researches have been concentrated on characteristics of online WOM itself such as quality or vividness of information, credibility of source and direction of online WOM, etc. for describing effect of online WOM, but our results suggest that users' personal character (e.g., self-efficacy) plays decisive role for acceptance of online WOM information. Higher self-efficacy means lower possibility to accept the information that represents counter opinion because of cognitive dissonance, whereas the people that have lower self-efficacy are willing to accept the online WOM information as true and refer to purchase decision. This study suggests a model for understanding role of direction of online WOM information. Also, our result implicates the importance of online review supervision and personalized information service by confirming switching opinion negative to positive is more difficult than positive to negative through the online WOM information. This implication would help marketers to manage online reviews of their products or services.