• 한국정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보과학회 2003년도 가을 학술발표논문집 Vol.30 No.2 (3)
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• pp.598-600
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• 2003

Ad­hoc 무선 망에서 directional antenna의 사용은 interference를 감소시키고 spatial reuse의 증가, 그리고 네트워크 전체의 capacity 증가 등의 장점을 제공한다. 하지만 기존의 IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol은 omnidirectional antenna를 고려하여 디자인되었기 때문에 기존의 MAC protocol이 directional antennas에 사용될 경우 directional antennas의 장점을 효율적으로 제공하지 못한다. Directional antenna는 이러한 장점을 가지는 반면에 RTS/CTS를 방향성 있는 전송을 하기 때문에 hidden terminal과 이웃 노드의 위치를 파악하는데 있어서 많은 문제를 가지고 있다. 이 논문에서 우리가 제안하는 MAC protocol은 directional antennas 특성상의 문제점을 해결하여 directional antennas의 장점을 최대한 이용한다.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2014

Since vehicles' trajectories are so complex and dense traffic changes in nature frequently, the VANET (Vehicles Ad-hoc Network), using Omni-directional Antenna, has many channel collisions (or overlapping) on Data Link phrases (MAC layers). It is not easy to keep a good seamless communication status for VANET because of its unpredictable network environment. Among VANET research, Directional Antenna have been proposed as one of the most common systematical solutions to reduce (or to mitigate) this miss-communication problems by narrowing communicational ranges and making use of its customized error-detection process. However, even though Directional Antennas help VANET keep good seamless communication, many VANET researchers have reported that Directional VANET still has miss-communicational problems - this has lead to problems like 'Directional Hidden Terminal Problem', 'Deafness', 'Un-accuracy Lobe Scopes' and 'High Deployment Cost' being reported in various papers. To establish well-organized design assessments for a good Directional VANET MAC protocol to overcome these problems, we rearranged and grouped current Directional VANET' qualitative criteria from several current survey papers using these categories- 'Directional Discovery', 'Directional Forwarding' and 'Directional Handover'. In addition, based on the results of the following analysis, we show the essential design concerns that need to be looked at in order to develop a well-designed Directional-VANET MAC protocol.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 초청강연 및 논문집
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• pp.377-384
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• 2008

In the bi-directional pile load test (BD PLT) for pile load test of Mega foundation, loading capacity specification were not specified exactly. Therefore there are so many confusions and variations of maximum 2 times in loading capacity are come out. In this study, specifications of bi-directional pile load test (BD PLT) were considered. Based on cases of the bi-directional pile load test performed in domestic areas, maximum equivalent test load, test load increasing ratio and sufficiency ratio of design load were analyzed. It can be known that the loading capacity specification of bi-directional pile load test must be defined as 1-directional test load that is established as more than 2 times of design load.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.818-823
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• 2008

In this paper, we propose a feature extraction method which extracts directional features of handwritten numerals by using the projection runlength. Our directional featrures are obtained from four directional images, each of which contains horizontal, vertical, right-diagonal and left-diagonal lines in entire numeral shape respectively. A conventional method which extracts directional features by using Kirsch masks generates edge-shaped double line directional images for four directions, whereas our method uses the projections and their runlengths for four directions to produces single line directional images for four directions. To obtain the directional projections for four directions from a numeral image, some preprocessing steps such as thinning and dilation are required, but the shapes of resultant directional lines are more similar to the numeral lines of input numerals. Four [$4{\times}4$] directional features of a numeral are obtained from four directional line images through a zoning method. By using a hybrid feature which is made by combining our feature with the conventional features of a mesh features, a kirsch directional feature and a concavity feature, higher recognition rates of the handwrittern numerals can be obtained. For recognition test with given features, we use a multi-layer perceptron neural network classifier which is trained with the back propagation algorithm. Through the experiments with the handwritten numeral database of Concordia University, we have achieved a recognition rate of 97.85%.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2005년도 International Meeting on Information Displayvol.I
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• pp.211-216
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• 2005

High-density directional display provides natural three-dimensional images. A large number of directional images are displayed in different horizontal directions with directional rays. There are two different types of display configurations. One is the projection-type and the other is the thin-type. The 64-directional and 128-directional displays using the projection-type configuration and the 72-directional display using the thin-type configuration are presented. The human responses are also shown.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.573-580
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• 2010

본 연구는 바람에 민감한 영향을 받는 건축물 또는 구조물에 있어서 풍향풍속을 고려하여 평가하는 방법을 제안하며 지역별 년 최대풍속에 따른 풍향풍속 특성에 대한 기초적인 결과를 정리한 것이다. 본 풍향풍속성 평가방법에서는 년최대풍속의 기상청 데이터를 기초로 하여 극치분포를 통해 적합성을 확인하였으며 풍향성을 고려하기 위하여 풍향풍속별 풍향패턴을 4그룹으로 구분하여 풍향풍속성 평가방법을 시도하여 제안하였다. 연구결과는 서울, 통영, 인천지역의 년최대풍속 기상데이터를 사용하여 전풍향풍속이 Gumbel분포에 의한 적합성을 확인하였으며, 이 전풍향풍속의 Gumbel model은 패턴별 4그룹 풍향풍속 Gumbel mode을 지배하는 독립된 확률특성을 가지므로 풍향패턴 4그룹 풍향풍속성의 평가를 통하여 적용율을 제안하였다. 연구결과는 년최대풍속에 의한 Gumbel분포의 적합성에 따른 서울, 통영, 인천 지역의 풍향패턴 4그룹 풍향풍속성을 고려한 새로운 적용율을 제안하였다.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.32-39
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• 2014

In general, non-directional LED lamps including high transmittance cover are more advantageous than directional LED lamps, which are efficient enough to improve luminous efficacy and obtain certification, allowing wide manufacture, sale, and distribution. Although KS C 7651(Self-ballasted LED lamps-Safety and performance requirements) was revised in July 2013, however, many companies are having a lot of difficulties in keeping the certification and product development for the lack of the photometric analysis for non-directional LED lamps. In this paper, through the measurement of the angular distribution of luminous flux of incandescent lamp and non-directional LED lamps, we examined the reasonability of non-directional LED lamps' standards as suggested in KS C 7651. According to the results, even if non-directional LED lamps satisfy KS C 7651, when compared to an incandescent lamp, they showed less diffusive than the incandescent lamp and the distribution of the luminous flux depending on the angle fluctuated greatly even among LED lamps. Judging by the result, the current standard of the non-directional LED lamps, KS C 7651, has been comprehended that the angular distribution of the luminous flux needs to be presented after being much more thoroughly standardized.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제27권8A호
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• pp.796-804
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 방향성필터뱅크(Directional Filter Bank; DFB)에 기반하여 지문영상을 해석하여 처리하는 새로운 방법을 제안한다. 지문에서 융선의 방향성는 방향성지도를 구성하고, 이로부터 방향성 필터링을 통한 영상 향상을 행하는 등 지문 영상을 해석하는 전처리과정에서 매우 중요한 요소이다. DFB는 입력영상을 방향성대역영상으로 분해한 다음 이로부터 원영상을 완전하게 복원하는 필터이다. 본 논문에서는 DFB를 이용하여 지문영상을 여러 개의 방향성대역영상으로 분해하고, 이로부터 국부 방향성 에너지를 정의한 다음, 이를 기반으로 방향성지도의 제작, 영상분할, 특이점추출 및 영상개선의 처리과정들을 일관되게 수행하는 알고리듬을 제안한다.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.135-142
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• 1998

In this study, the frequency transfer function of motions are predicted from the result of a full-scale seakeeping trials. Because the real sea has the characteristics of multi-directional waves,we compare the results in the one directional waves with ones in the directional waves. For calculation of the frequency transfer function in the directional waves, Takezawa's inverse estimation method was introduced and the frequency ranges were divided into three parts in order to consider following seas. The full-scale seakeeping trials was executed in the south sea of Korea using the stern trawler. Those results show that analysis method of the multi-directional waves is more reliable than that of one directional waves, and confirm the possibility of applying this method to the full-scale seakeeping trials.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국표면공학회 2018년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.72-72
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• 2018

A dynamic fatigue characteristic of dental implant system has been evaluated with applying single axial compressive shear loading based on the ISO 14801 standard. For the advanced dynamic fatigue test, multi-directional force and motion needed to be accompanied for more information of mechanical properties as based on mastication in oral environment. In this study, we have prepared loading and motion protocol for the multi-directional fatigue test of dental implant system with single (Apical/Occlusal; AO), and additional mastication motion (Lingual/Facial; LF, Mesial/Distal; MD). As following the prepared protocol (with modification of ISO 14801), fatigue test was conducted to verify the worst case results for the development of highly stabilized dental implant system. Mechanical testing was performed using an universal testing machine (MTS Bionix 858, MN, USA) for static compression and single directional loading fatigue, while the multi-directional loading was performed with joint simulator (ADL-Force 5, MA, USA) under load control. Basically, all mechanical test was performed according to the ISO 14801:2016 standard. Static compression test was performed to identify the maximum fracture force with loading speed of 1.0 mm/min. A dynamic fatigue test was performed with 40 % value of maximum fracture force and 5 Hz loading frequency. A single directional fatigue test was performed with only apical/occlusal (AO) force application, while multi directional fatigue tests were applied $2^{\circ}$ of facial/lingual (FL) or mesial/distal (MD) movement. Fatigue failure cycles were entirely different between applying single-directional loading and multi-directional loading. As a comparison of these loading factor, the failure cycle was around 5 times lower than single-directional loading while applied multi-directional loading. Also, the displacement change with accumulated multi-directional fatigue cycles was higher than that of single directional cycles.