• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.3389-3404
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• 2012

Based on the case study methods, the study analyzes emergence and ensuing typology of global ebook platforms such as Google eBook, Amazon Kindle, iBooks Store. Global ebook platforms show adaptation process responding to rapidly changing digital technological envirment and it's fitness landscape. The critical elements in its emerging process are the distinct selection criteria, the degree of resource abundance and the search process based on open innovation. Based on these critical elements, the global platforms show speciation process, so called niche creation and are evolving into a variety of the typology based on the initial condition of key resource which makes the platform emerge and grow. Each global ebook platforms is evolving into open platform, hybrid platform, closed platform. Google eBook has openness and extensibility due to a variety of devices based on Android and a direct involvement of actors. Amazon Kindle has developed from a online bookstore and into the hybrid platform which have not only closed quality but also openness with ebook devices and mobile network. iBooks Store has developed into the closed platform through the agency model based on competitive hardwares and closed quality with iphone and ipad.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.546-555
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• 2014

Objectives: Recently, many studies have reported beneficial effects from the application of laser and light-emitting diode (LED) therapy for cerebral nervous disease. Transcranial laser therapy and LED therapy may be an effective method to treat diseases of the cerebral nervous system. This study aims to discuss the possibility of laser and LED therapy for cerebral nervous disease by reviewing literature about its effectiveness. Methods: We searched papers using PubMed, Science Direct, CINAHL, KTKP, Oasis and NDSL, using the keywords "Laser therapy, low-level", "Transcranial laser", "Transcranial light emitting diode" and "stroke", "traumatic brain injury", "dementia", "anxiety", "cognitive", "emotional effects", "psychiatric disorder", "multiple sclerosis", "Parkinson's disease". The search range included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and clinical case series. Reviews and animal experiments were not included. Studies not matched with inclusion criteria were excluded. Results: A total 1,119 studies were found. 1,100 were excluded from scanning titles and abstracts and finally 9 articles were selected. Among the 9 articles, 5 were RCTs, one was a controlled study, and the other 3 were case reports. They reported that transcranial laser therapy and LED treatment had beneficial effects from photobiomodulation to the cerebral nervous system. Clinical evaluation factors showed favorable trends. Conclusions: Transcranial laser therapy and LED therapy seem to be effective to the cerebral nervous system and they may be a favorable choice for cerebral nervous disease.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.27-40
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• 2009

Background : Qigong is an energy-healing intervention used to prevent and cure ailments and to improve health through regular practice. Although qigong-neither itself nor its postulated mechanism of action-are within the paradigm of modern Western medical science, its effects on the human body could be possible. Objectives : This study aims to review the bibliography, biological responses and therapeutic effects of Qigong. In the process, this review will grasp trends in this field of studies and will direct further researches into the right direction. Method : The computerized Korean databases were searched from their respective inceptions up to January 2008. The search terms used were 'qi', 'qigong', 'doin', 'training', 'bioenergy', 'life nurturing' and random or Korean language terms related to qigong. Several specialized journals were also manually searched for relevant articles. Result : Since the 1990s, Qigong papers in the Korean Literature are increased. The articles on Korean traditional medicine had been published more than those on physical education or nursing etc. However, since the majority of the trials determine questionnaire, it was difficult to determine the efficacy of a specific intervention. The methodological quality of the trials was generally low (Jadad score: mean, 1.3; range, 1 to 4), questioning their reliability. Conclusions : More profound studies for Qigong are needed. Further rigorous clinical trials with more objective outcome measures that include sham procedures should be performed. Specifically, we think it should be clinical studies and qualitative research methods for evaluation are needed.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.75-86
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• 2011

Objectives : This study investigated oriental diagnosis and treatment of reflex esophagitis (RE) such as syndrome differentiation and herbal medicine by reviewing Chinese journals. Methods : A journal search was performed using China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) from January 2006 to December 2010. The keywords were the various combinations of 'reflex esophagitis', 'Chinese medicine', 'syndrome differentiation', and 'herbal medicine'. All types of journal entries that explained or referred to herbal medicines and definite syndrome differentiations were included. The Types of the journals were randomized clinical trials (RCT), reviews, essays, case series and reports. Vague syndrome differentiations and experimental studies were excluded. Selected journals were extracted and summarized by two researchers independently. Results : 47 Chinese entries were finally selected. 61% of them were case-control trials that had non-randomized, active controlled clinical trials. 36 kinds of syndrome differentiations about RE were investigated. We summarized and divided them into 10 syndrome differentiation groups. 肝胃不和(syndrome of liver qi invading the stomach) in syndrome differentiation, 和胃降逆 (harmonize the stomach and direct qi downward) in method of treatment, and Jwa kum-whan (左金丸) were cited with high frequency in RE. Conclusions : We find that many kinds of syndrome differentiation groups and herbal medicines for reflex esophagitis are used in China, compared with Korea. Further studies will be required about oriental syndrome differentiation and treatment of this disease.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.24 no.7B
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• pp.1351-1360
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• 1999

In frequency selective channels, conventional PN code acquisition schemes are not ideal candidates. This is because they are primarily designed for the AWGN channel. In this paper, a direct-sequence spread-spectrum(DSSS) PN code acquisition system based on digital matched filtering (DMF) with automatic threshold control(ATC) algorithm is presented and analyzed with regards to probability of detection and probability of false alarm. These two important probabilities, the probability of detection ($P_D$) and the probability of false alarm ($P_{FA}$) are derived and analyzed in considering Doppler shift, sampling rate, mean acquisition time, and PN chip rate in frequency selective Rayleigh fading channel when using serial-search method as detection technique. From computer simulation results of a DMF acquisition system model, it is shown that the performance of the acquisition system using ATC algorithm is better than that of constant threshold system.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.11-20
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• 2015

We present a new interactive technique for directing the motion sequences of an animated character by dragging its specific body part to a desired location in the three-dimensional virtual environment via a hand motion tracking device. The motion sequences of our character is synthesized by reordering subsequences of captured motion data based on a well-known graph representation. For each new input location, our system samples the space of possible future states by unrolling the graph into a spatial search tree, and retrieves one of the states at which the dragged body part of the character gets closer to the input location. We minimize the difference between each pair of successively retrieved states, so that the user is able to anticipate which states will be found by varying the input location, and resultantly, to quickly reach the desired states. The usefulness of our method is demonstrated through experiments with breakdance, boxing, and basketball motion data.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.297-306
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• 2008

Background : Gigong(氣功, Qigong) is one energy-healing intervention used to prevent and cure ailments and to improve health through regular practice. Although Gigong(氣功, Qigong) - neither itself nor its postulated mechanism of action - are within the paradigm of modern Western medical science, effects on the human body could be possible. Objectives : This study aims to review the bibliography, biological responses and therapeutic effects of Gigong. In the process, this review will grasp trends in this field of studies and will direct further researches into the right direction. Method : The computerized Korean databases were searched from their respective inceptions up to January 2008. The search terms used were 'Gi(氣, Qi)', 'Gigong(氣功, Qigong)', 'Doin(導引)', 'Training', 'Bioenergy', 'life nurturing' and random or Korean language terms related to Gigong. Several specialized journals were also manually searched for relevant articles. Result : Since the 1990's, Gigong papers in the Korean Literature is increased. Clinical research studies are among the most control design study. Research subjects are less patient than the general public. The most common treatment disease was Musculo-skeletal disorder Conclusions : The depth study for the each Gigong(氣功, Qigong) is needed. Specifically, I think it should be a clinical studies and qualitative research methods for evaluation are needed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.411-420
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• 2015

Ki-67 has been widely used as an indicator of cell proliferation in gliomas. However, the role of Ki-67 as a prognostic marker is still undefined. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis of the published literatures in order to clarify the impact of Ki-67 on survival in glioma cases. Eligible studies were identified in PubMed, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Science Direct and Wiley Online Library with the last search updated on August 31, 2014. The clinical characteristics, overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) together with Ki-67 expression at different time points were extracted. A total of 51 studies, covering 4,307 patients, were included in the current meta-analysis. The results showed that overexpression of Ki-67 can predict poor OS (HR=1.66, 95%CI: 1.53-1.80; Z=11.87; p=0.000) and poor PFS (HR=1.67, 95%CI: 1.47-1.91; Z=7.67; p=0.000) in gliomas. Moreover, subgroup analyses also indicated that high level of Ki-67 expression was related to poor OS and PFS in glioma patients regardless of region, pathology type, cut-off value and statistical method. In conclusion, the current meta-analysis revealed that Ki-67 expression might be a predicative factor for poor prognosis of glioma patients, emphasizing its importance as a predictor.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.511-516
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• 2011

Fas gene known to associate with intramuscular fat content in Korean cattle was selected for DNA marker development. Fas (APO-1, CD95), a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily, is a cell membrane protein that mediates apoptosis (programmed cell death). We discovered single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within Fas gene in order to develop novel DNA markers at genomic level. Of this gene to search for SNP, sequences of whole exon and 1kb range of both front and back of the gene using 24 cattle were determined by direct-sequencing methods. As a result, 16 SNPs in exon, 37 SNPs in intron and 2 SNPs in promoter region, a total of 55 SNPs were discovered. In these SNPs, thirty-one common polymorphic sites were selected considering their allele frequencies, haplotype-tagging status and Linkage Disequilibrium (LD) for genotyping in larger-scale subjects. Selected SNPs were confirmed genotype through SNaPshot method (n=274) and were examined for possible genetic association of Fas polymorphisms with carcass weight (CWT), eye muscle area (EMA), and backfat thickness (BF). So, the SNP have been identified significant g.-12T>G, g.1112T>G and g.32548T>C. These results suggest that polymorphism of Fas gene was associated with meat quality traits in Hanwoo.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.43-47
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• 2013

This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of ESBL genes and monitor antimicrobial resistance pattern in Escherichia coli, isolated from a hospital and a community. We tested 200 E. coli strains isolated in the hospitals and community in Chungcheong area from January to March 2012. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were tested by using the disk diffusion method. A search for ESBL genes was conducted by PCR amplification, and the genotypes were determined by direct nucleotide sequence analysis of the amplified products. An Epidemiologic study was performed by repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence-based PCR (REP-PCR). The percentage of ESBL-producing isolates was 17% for hospital associated E. coli and 11% for community associated E. coli. The ESBL gene sequencing results showed that the most common ESBL in E. coli was CTX-M-14 (19/28), followed by CTX-M-15 (9/28). The REP-PCR study also showed the genetic diversity, but there was no difference between the hospital and community associated E. coli. In this study, the most common types of class A ESBLs identified were CTX-M in the hospital and the community in Chungcheong area. ESBL-producing E. coli isolates showed diverse clonality.