• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.543-552
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• 2021

The study examines how foreign capital inflows affect stock market development in Pakistan for the period from July 2008 to June 2018. Several components of foreign capital inflows were used for empirical analysis, namely, foreign direct investment, foreign portfolio investment, and remittances. Further, market capitalization was used as a proxy for stock market development. The study uses an ARDL model for examining the long-run and short-run relationships between variables. We also analyze the bi-directional causality between the variables through the Granger causality test. Further, the presence of structural breaks was analyzed through the CUSUM and CUSUM Square test. The results suggest that in the long run, remittances have a positive and significant relationship with stock market development. However, foreign direct investment, foreign portfolio investment, and USD-PKR exchange rate do not have a significant impact on stock market development. The results also suggest that in the short run there is a negative relationship between FDI, USD-PKR exchange rate and market capitalization. Contrarily, we found a positive relationship between FPI and market capitalization. The results of Granger causality test suggest that remittances and USD-PKR exchange rate have a causal relationship with stock market development. Finally, we found no evidence of structural breaks in the dataset.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.325-333
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• 2022

Foreign direct investment (FDI) and export are now often regarded as two of the most important drivers of economic growth on a worldwide scale. The impact of foreign direct investment on Vietnam's exports is investigated in this study. The data for the time period 1985-2020 was obtained from the World Bank and the Vietnam General Statistics Office. The years 1985 to 2020 were chosen to evaluate the evolution of macroeconomic parameters since 1986. The impact of the Covid-19 epidemic on renovation reform. The Johansen co-integration test proved that FDI and domestic investment (DI) had a long-term positive impact on Vietnam's export growth. The Granger causality test revealed that there is a one-way relationship between FDI and export in the near term, but no such relationship exists between DI and export. The result of the variance decomposition study demonstrates that the FDI sector has a bigger impact on Vietnam's export growth than the DI sector. Furthermore, export activities are vulnerable to FDI sector shocks. As a result, in recent years, FDI has been regarded as the most important factor of export growth in Vietnam.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.53-61
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• 2008

It is expected that the market of residential facility for retired seniors will be a new investment field for construction firms. This study describes the questionnaire survey analysis results of potential customers' demand for the facility. For comparison purpose, direct construction cost was estimated by estimation experts. In addition, a case analysis was conducted to compare direct cost and indirect project cost with the experts' estimation. According to the questionnaire survey analysis, it is observed that there were significant differences in demand between groups which are classified by the regions, living expenditures, the level of property ownership and the scales of residence. From an investor's perspective, investment decision on residential facility for retired seniors should be made considering bothe the level of returns which can be generated from the investment and the customers' needs.

• Management Science and Financial Engineering
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.25-29
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• 2015

Recently much research efforts have focused on how to manage carbon emissions in logistics operations. This paper formulates a model to determine an optimal shipment size with aims to minimize the total cost consisting not only of inventory and transportation costs but also cost for carbon emissions. Unlike the literature assuming carbon emission factors as a given condition, we consider the emission factors as decision variables. It is allowed to make an investment in improving carbon emission factors. The optimal investment decision is shown to be of a threshold type with respect to unit investment costs. Moreover, the findings in this work provide insights on the various elements of the investment decision and their impacts.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.139-159
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• 2003

This study deals sith some problems of foreign direct investment and seeks for the ways of activating foreign direct investment (hereafter F.D.I.) by analyzing the Korean economic structure that is faced with the neo-protectivism and nationalism of the advanced or foreign countries currently. During a transformational process in the transitional period of world trade environment, it is necessary for Korea not only to learn the higher technology for advanced countries, but also to apply techonology to their economic structure in order to enter into competition with the advanced countries. Based on the experiences and accomplishments from their investments, Korean enterprises should turn their business into F.D.I. and act appropriately in order to keep the balance between indoor and outdoor investment. Looking through the ways to activate F.D.I., we may make conclusions as follows: 1. Government policy transparency 2. Prudential Macro Economic policy 3. International policy coorperation system 4. Solidification of Foreign Commercial intercourse to Developing countries 5. Globalixation base of domestic coorperation 6. High efficiency- low cost of business coorperation enterprise 7. Attacktive investiestment strategies on conclusive competive advantage 8. Multilateral investment Area 9. New recognixation on marketing investment etc. F.D.I. strategies

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.523-544
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• 2009

The purpose of this paper is to estimate the impact of foreign direct investment on environmental performance for 27 OECD countries using endogenous environmental policy model. The empirical test shows that with 1% increase in the ratio of inflow stock of foreign direct investment over domestic capital stock, emission on NOx and $CO_2$ will increase by 0.0071%(NOx) and 0.0165%($CO_2$) and 1% increase in the ratio of foreign capital stock induces 0.044%(fixed effect) and 0.047%(random effect) of economic growth. 1% increase of per labor total output increases 2.038%(fixed effect) or 1.890%(random effect) in reinforcement of environmental regulation. However, we could not confirm the Porter's hypothesis that the more strong environmental regulation leads technical innovation. The scale effects (0.0119, 0.0172) are estimated higher than the technical effects (-0.0048, -0.0007) in two pollutants (NOx, $CO_2$). It implies that each country needs to increase pollution abatement and control expenditure more aggressively to protect environment.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.327-349
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• 2012

This paper examined the strategic inward foreign direct investment and business performance in free economic zone. attractive of segment and country's competitive advantage were as proxy for the matrix of appropriateness. The marketing differentiation, inducement promotion, incentive, and business support were as proxy for the business performance. Based on the analysis of one hundred twenty cases, the following results were found. First, based on the attractive of segment and country's competitive advantage, the types of four segments was drawn. Second, the segment 4 have a significantly difference on their business performance. Third, strategic foreign direct investment have a significantly high difference on their marketing differentiation but a significantly low difference on their business support. Finally, the business performance, in order of performance, have a significantly difference on their marketing differentiation, inducement promotion, incentive, and business support. Limitation and suggestions for further are also highlighted.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.579-609
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• 2003

The role of foreign direct investment (FDI) as a channel of knowledge transfer and on the technological spillovers of know-how to other sectors in the economy is in the middle of this debate. Thus, foreign direct investment may have significant positive effects in reducing residual loadings and environmental pollution. There is an abiding concern expressed by many commentators that countries will lower their environmental standards to attract foreign investment, thereby creating so-called "pollution havens." Others argue that increasing foreign investment could promote "pollution halos" by introducing and transferring more efficient and less polluting technologies. The primary objective of this study is to show the dynamic relationship among pollution loadings, pollution abatement effort, and economic development with explicit consideration of FDI-related effects. This study found when foreign direct investment is evaluated in the model, the environmental pollution level is reduced and expenditure on pollution abatement is increased.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.161-178
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• 2023

Purpose - purpose of this paper is to analyze the effects of the investment facilitation levels of 11 RCEP countries (excluding Myanmar, Brunei, and Laos due to lack of data) on China's outward foreign direct investments(OFDI) using balanced panel data from 2010 to 2019. Design/methodology - First, four investment facilitation measurement indicators (regulatory environment, infrastructure, financial market, ease of doing business) were selected,investment facilitation scores of the 11 countries were obtained using the principal component analysis, an investment gravity model was established with nine explanatory variables (investment facilitation level, market size, population, geographic distance, degree of opening, tax level, natural resources, whether the country is an APEC member or not, and whether a valid bilateral investment treaty with China has been concluded) were used to establish an investment gravity model, and regression analyses were conducted with OLS and system GMM. Findings - The results of the regression analyses showed that investment facilitation levels had the greatest effect on China's OFDI, all four first-level indicators had positive effects on China's OFDI, and among them, the institutional environment had the greatest effect. In addition, it was shown that explanatory variables such as market size, population, geographical distance, degree of openness, natural resources, and whether or not a valid bilateral investment treaty has been concluded would have positive effects on China's OFDI, while tax levels and APEC membership would impede China's OFDI to some extent. Originality/value - Since the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEPT) came into effect not long ago, there are not so many studies on the effects of investment facilitation levels of RCEP member states on China's OFDI, and the investment facilitation measurement index constructed in this paper is relatively systematic and scientific because it includes all the contents of investment facilitation related to the life cycle of company's foreign direct investments.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.85-111
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• 2016

Global semiconductor companies is investing enormous capital worldwide. And direct investment in China is increasing greatly these days, Especially, global semiconductor companies are setting up a factory in China due to expanding market rather than utilizing low labor cost. Therefore, this study is trying to analyze the background and process of direct investment from global Korean and Taiwanese semiconductor companies in China. Firstly, In 1996, Samsung semiconductor established a back end process factory in Suzhou. And in 2014, Samsung semiconductor set up a front and back end factory in Xian. Secondly, In 2006, SK Hynix built a front and back end factory in Wuxi. and SK Hynix set up a back end factory named Hitech semiconductor with Chinese company in 2009. Later in 2015, SK Hynix established a back end factory in Chongqing. Thirdly, In 2004, TSMC started to operate a factory in Shanghai, and in 2018, TSMC is going to establish a factory in Nanjing. Lastly, UMC bought a stock to produce product in Chinese local company named HJT, and at the end of 2016, UMC is going to finish building a factory in Xiamen. As a result, it was proved that most companies hoped to expand the chinese market by setting up a factory in china. In addition, Samsung expected to avoid a risk by setting up a factory in china, and SK Hynix wanted to avoid a countervailing duty by setting up a factory in china. Based on the result of this study, this study indicates some implications for other semiconductor companies which are very helpful for their future foreign direct investment.